JP2767696B2 - Straight round bar with welded members and welding method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a round bar in which members are welded without distortion in the middle of a round bar of high straightness, such as a shift fork for a transmission of an automobile or the like, and a welding method thereof.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When a shift fork is connected to a fork rod, the required accuracy is very high. Therefore, the shift fork is machined from a cast material, and mechanically fastened to a fork rod and pins and bolts. Satisfies accuracy and function. Some shift forks have a sheet metal structure and are welded to a fork rod. However, in this case, a fork rod having a uniform thickness causes welding irregularities. Therefore, it is necessary to perform press working and machining after welding to satisfy accuracy and function. Satisfying the required accuracy without welding is an extremely difficult technique, and at present it has to rely on machining technology.

[0003]

Considering the improvement and rationalization of parts, it is necessary to convert the cast shift fork to a sheet metal and to change the connection between the shift fork and the fork rod from bolting to welding. is there. However, the bending deformation of the rod due to welding must be corrected by machine cutting,
The fact that the modification work is not easy is a big disadvantage. For this reason, experiments and researches were conducted on electron beam welding with little welding deformation. However, despite the increase in equipment costs and working hours, mechanical correction of welding deformation was still necessary. In addition, all experiments and researches on the improvement of welding part installation accuracy, welding jig accuracy, strengthening of binding force, optimization of welding sequence, reverse distortion method, etc., which are known as measures against welding deformation, were carried out. The required accuracy of the rod could not be met. However, the present invention finally achieves the above object.

[0004]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention remedies that conventional measures against welding distortion all suppress deformation and movement of an adjacent portion by suppressing shrinkage of a welded portion, so that shrinkage of a welded portion can be freely performed. did. Even if the welded part shrinks freely, it is designed so as not to cause the round bar which is the base material to bend. That is, in the present invention, a locally enlarged portion is provided in the middle of the round bar, and a required member is welded to the outer periphery of the enlarged portion. Therefore, even if the welded enlarged-diameter portion outer peripheral portion is sufficiently shrunk, the force does not become strong enough to bend the round bar itself.

[0005]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION A straight round bar in which members are welded in the middle of the present invention is provided with a coaxial bulged portion having an axial length equal to or slightly longer than the counterpart member in the middle of the straight round bar. There must be a welded portion with the mating member along the outer circumference of the bulge, and the outer diameter of the bulge must be the same beforehand to keep the bending deformation of the round bar due to welding within the allowable limit without correction. It is characterized in that the outer diameter is at least the minimum required experimentally obtained under the conditions.

When the straight round bar is a fork rod to which a shift fork of an automobile or the like is welded, the fork rod has a coaxial expanded portion having an axial length equal to or slightly larger than the thickness of the shift fork along the rod. A fitting hole of the shift fork is fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the enlarged portion, and both edges of the shift fork are welded continuously to the peripheral surface, respectively. The outer diameter of the enlarged portion is the bending deformation of the fork rod after the welding. It is recommended that the outer diameter be larger than the minimum required experimentally obtained in advance under the same welding conditions in order to keep the tolerance within the allowable limit without correction.

[0007] The method of welding the shift fork to the fork rod without distortion includes a method of coaxially forming an expanded portion having an axial length equal to or slightly larger than the thickness of the shift fork along the rod at the shift fork mounting position of the fork rod. The fitting hole of the shift fork is fitted to the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion and attached to the welding jig. The protective gas is argon-containing carbon dioxide gas by the MIG welding machine, the welding current is 100 to 130 A, and the welding voltage is 16 to 21 V. , Welding steel wire diameter is 0.8mm
The outer diameter of the expanded portion should be larger than the minimum required experimentally obtained in advance under the same welding conditions in order to keep the bending deformation of the rod after welding within an allowable limit without correction. It is characterized by.

The success of the present invention is believed to be due to the following reasons. Generally, when welding a member in the middle of a long round bar,
It is well known that the entire round bar is warped. This is a result of the welded part contracting due to cooling, and the entire part is warped and deformed by the effect. I noticed that there is a big countermeasure here. The contraction of the heated area on the surface of the welded round bar attracts the surface layer of the adjacent non-heated area, so that the entire round bar warps. Therefore, in order to block the tension between the heated layer and the non-heated layer due to shrinkage, a step may be provided between the two to form a discontinuous surface. Specifically, the diameter may be increased only at the welding position of the round bar, and the entire diameter of the non-welded portion may be reduced. Since the shrinkage due to member welding occurs on the surface of the round bar, a solution was obtained in which the shrinkage may be freely caused by a step.

[0009]

FIG. 1 shows an example of a shift fork 1 for a transmission to which the present invention is applied and a fork rod 2 which is inserted into a hole 1a and welded. 2 or 3 by fitting the coaxial enlarged diameter portion 2a of the fork rod 2 into the hole 1a of the fork 1.
Weld like. Welds are shown as W. End of welding,
To check the bending of rod 2 due to welding deformation after cooling,
As shown in FIG. 2, the center of both ends of the rod 2 is sandwiched between the centers C and turned, and the rod 2 is examined with a strain gauge. Figures 2-4
Arrow G indicates the position of the strain gauge.

FIG. 2 shows the case where the axial length of the enlarged diameter portion 2a of the rod 2 is equal to the thickness of the shift fork 1 along the rod, and FIG. 3 shows the case where it is slightly larger. If the thickness of the fork 1 is equal to the length of the enlarged diameter portion 2a, a butt-welded portion W is formed on both sides as shown in FIG. In this example, the fitted circumference was welded round and round with a MIG welding machine without forming a welding groove, and after cooling the front side, the back side was similarly welded. Welding was performed only in one layer, and the bead was slightly overlapped so that no melting pot was left behind. Bead width is 4mm
It is.

The thickness of the fork 1 in FIG. 2 is 8 mm, the thickness of the rod 2 is 13 mm, and the diameter of the expanded portion 2a is 19 mm.
The required accuracy of shaft runout of the rod 2 as a product is 0.08
mm. On the other hand, the results of several experiments were all good results with shaft runout of 0.015 to 0.02 mm.
In FIG. 3, the length of the enlarged diameter portion 2a is increased to 14 mm with respect to the thickness of the fork 1 of 8 mm, and the both-side welded portions W are fillet-welded. In this case, the axial runout measured by the strain gauge G was 0.02 to 0.03 mm, which was slightly increased from the case of welding by butt welding in FIG. 2, but was a sufficient result for the required accuracy of 0.08 mm. .

The outer diameter 19 mm of the enlarged diameter portion 2a in FIG.
m, the shaft run-out was 0.04 to 0.0
Increased to 6mm. Although the required accuracy is satisfied for the time being, it is considered insufficient for stability in mass production. In the case of a 13 mm round bar, it is sufficient that the step due to the swelling diameter is 3 mm, and 1.5 mm is insufficient. FIG. 4 shows a conventional welding design without a bulge. The thickness of the fork 1 was 8 mm, and the diameter of the rod 2 was 13 mm, which was the same as in FIGS. The shaft runout in this case is 0.4 to 0.
At 6 mm, the required accuracy deviates significantly from 0.08 mm. This is because the contraction force caused by welding generated on the surface layer of the rod 2 directly pulls the surface layer of the adjacent non-heated portion.

FIG. 11 shows a fork rod (round bar) 2 shown in FIG.
Shows the situation where the shift fork 1 is welded. Reference numeral 4 denotes a rotary table which rotates 1 to 15 times per minute, and has a variable rotation speed and direction. Reference numeral 5 denotes a welding jig having a vertical hole for erecting the fork rod 2, laying the shift fork 1 on its upper surface, fixing the shift fork 1 with a clamp 6, and welding a hole edge of the hole of the fork 1 fitted to the enlarged diameter portion 2 a of the rod. . The welding machine is a pulse MIG welding machine not shown, and the torch 7 is a torch stand 8
It is supported and fixed by. The welding conditions were as follows: argon containing CO ₂ was used as a protective gas, and the gas flow rate was 12 to 14 l /
Min, welding wire 0.8mm, welding voltage 16-21V,
Welding current 100-130A, welding speed 50-70cm /
Minutes.

The above is the case where the round bar 2 is welded by penetrating the hole 1a of the plate. Next, the case where the plate is welded in the direction of the outer peripheral axis of the round bar 2 will be described. FIGS. 9 and 10 show a conventional welding method in which a plate member 3 having a thickness of 6 mm is welded to both sides of a round bar 2 having a diameter of 13 mm. The axial runout of the round bar 2 caused by welding is 0.3 to 0.5 mm, which greatly deviates from the required accuracy of 0.08 mm.

Therefore, the round bar 2 provided with the enlarged diameter portion 2a by applying the present invention is two examples shown in FIGS. FIGS. 5 and 6 show an embodiment in which fillet welding is performed along one end of the plate-shaped member 3 along the outer peripheral axis of the enlarged diameter portion 2a of the round bar 2. The thickness of the round bar 2 is 13 mm as in FIG. 3 and the outer diameter of the enlarged diameter portion 2 a is also 19 mm. However, the length is 34 mm, which is slightly longer than the welded end of the plate member 3 of 30 mm. The thickness of the plate member 3 is 6 mm, the welding conditions are the same as in FIG. 3, and the leg length of the fillet weld W is 4 mm. In this case, the shaft runout is 0.05 to 0.07 mm, which is within the required accuracy of 0.08 mm.

FIGS. 7 and 8 show a plate-shaped member 3 'having a cross-sectional shape having a curved portion 3a as shown in FIG. . Although the fillet weld W in FIG. 6 is gathered on one side of the enlarged diameter portion 2a, in the case of FIG.
Should be less bent. In fact, the shaft runout is 0.
It was 015 to 0.025 mm, which was much smaller than that of FIGS. FIG. 12 shows the main part of FIG.
The reason why the inner circumference of the curved portion 3a does not reach the middle of the outer circumference of the enlarged diameter portion 2a is that the welded portions W on both sides are provided at symmetrical positions of the core of the round bar 2.

Finally, the results of an axial run-out experiment of the round bar 2 in which the transmission shift fork 1 and the plate-shaped part 3 are welded according to the present invention as shown in FIG. 13 are shown. .. In FIG. 13 indicate positions where the strain gauges are applied. The dimensions of the test material are the same as in the previous embodiment. The mounting of the shift fork 1 is according to FIG. 2 and the mounting of the plate-like part 3 is according to FIG. Four test materials were made and named No. 1… No.

[Table 1]

[Table 2] Table 1 attached is measured before welding the test material of FIG.
Table 2 also shows the values after welding. The reference tolerance indicates an allowable value.

As shown in Table 1, the amount of shaft runout before welding is 0.0005 to 0.002 mm at all portions. Table 1
When Table 2 is compared with Table 2, the magnitude of the measured value before welding and that after welding are irrelevant, and the measured value seems to depend on the welding in the test. Comparing the measured values at the five points, the shaft run-out gradually increased for all the test materials, and decreased sharply for all the test materials. At any position, the shaft runout is well below the standard tolerance of 0.08 mm. According to the present invention, it has been demonstrated that even when welding is performed by MIG welding having a relatively large welding distortion, correction processing after welding becomes unnecessary. Experiments have confirmed that if MIG welding is changed to plasma welding, shaft runout after welding is further reduced.

[0019]

The present invention addresses the limited problem of developing a welding attachment method that does not impair the straightness of the round bar, even if the member is welded in the middle of the straight round bar. All conventional welding distortion countermeasures have been ineffective against this problem. According to the present invention, a locally enlarged portion is provided at a member mounting position of a round bar, and the member is welded to the outer periphery thereof, so that the round bar itself does not bend even when the welded portion is freely contracted. Instead of relying on conventional distortion measures,
By narrowing down the tasks, he succeeded in the invention. In the case of welding a shift fork made of a steel plate for a transmission of an automobile or the like to a fork rod, there is a great effect that correction by machining after welding becomes unnecessary.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the present invention before assembly.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 after assembly and welding.

FIG. 3 is an assembled sectional view of the embodiment in which the length of the enlarged diameter portion is different from that of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view after conventional assembly and welding without a swollen portion.

FIG. 5 is an elevation view of the embodiment in which a plate-shaped component is welded to the outer periphery of the enlarged diameter portion.

FIG. 6 is a side view of FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is an elevational view obtained by welding a plate-like component different from that of FIG. 5;

FIG. 8 is a side view of FIG. 7;

FIG. 9 is an elevational view showing a conventional plate-shaped component weld.

FIG. 10 is a side view of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an elevational view showing the welding situation and equipment of FIG. 3;

FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. 8;

FIG. 13 is an elevational view of a test round bar to which members are welded.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1 shift fork (member to be welded) 2 fork rod (straight round bar) 3 plate member

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-50-16637 (JP, A) JP-A-61-196317 (JP, U) (58) Fields investigated (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) B23K 31/00 B23K 9/00 501 B23K 33/00 F16H 63/32

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A coaxial swollen portion having an axial length equal to or slightly longer than a counterpart member is provided in the middle of a straight round bar, and a welded portion with the counterpart member is provided along the outer periphery of the expanded portion. In addition, the outer diameter of the expanded portion is an outer diameter larger than the minimum required experimentally obtained under the same welding conditions in advance to keep the bending deformation of the round bar due to welding within an allowable limit without correction. A straight round bar with parts welded on the way. 2. A straight round bar formed by welding a shift fork made of a steel plate for a transmission of an automobile or the like in the middle to form a fork rod, the fork rod having an axial length equal to or slightly larger than the thickness of the shift fork along the rod. The coaxial swollen portion has an outer diameter, and a fitting hole of the shift fork is fitted to the outer circumferential surface of the swollen portion, and both edges of the shift fork are continuously welded to the circumferential surface, respectively. In order to keep the bending deformation of the fork rod after welding described above within the allowable limit without correction, the outer diameter is more than the minimum required experimentally obtained under the same welding conditions in advance, and the members are welded on the way. A straight round bar. 3. A method of welding a shift fork made of a steel plate for a transmission of an automobile or the like without distortion to a middle of a fork rod which is a straight round bar, comprising: A coaxial bulge with an axial length equal to or slightly larger than the thickness along the rod is fitted on the welding jig by fitting the appropriate hole of the shift fork around the circumference of the bulge,
Protective gas is carbon dioxide gas containing argon by MIG welding machine,
Welding current is 100-130A, welding voltage is 16-21
V, the diameter of the welding steel wire is 0.8 mm, and the outer diameter of the expanded portion is experimentally obtained under the same welding conditions in advance in order to keep the bending deformation of the rod after welding within an allowable limit without correction. A method for welding straight round bars with welds on the way, characterized in that the outside diameter is more than the minimum required.