JP2760612B2 - Roof-mounted solar cell and its installation method - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a roof-mounted solar cell, and more particularly to a solar cell that can be installed on an existing roof of a general house and a method of installing the same.

(B) Conventional technology Solar cells, which directly convert light energy into electric energy, use inexhaustible sunlight as a main energy source, and thus have been spotlighted in the face of the depletion of energy resources. When this solar cell is used as a household power source, if the power consumption is ordinary household power, it is sufficient if the conversion efficiency of the solar cell is 10% and the light receiving area is 30 m ² .
The light-receiving area of this solar cell is an area that is sufficiently possible on the roof of an ordinary house or the like.

Therefore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-31259 and the like, a tiled solar cell device has been proposed. This tile-shaped solar cell device only has to be laid instead of the existing roof tile, and has an advantage that laying equipment such as a gantry is not required.

However, if the above-mentioned tiled solar cell device is to be laid on an existing roof, the roof tile already laid must be removed, and then the tiled solar cell device must be laid. . Therefore, laying work was very time-consuming, and was not suitable for the existing roof.

Further, since a glass substrate bent in a tile shape is used as a substrate of a solar cell, it is difficult to manufacture the glass substrate, and the cost is increased. Further, the photovoltaic power varies depending on the irradiation angle due to the curved shape.

On the other hand, attempts have been made to install a flat solar panel developed for electric power on a roof. The conventional installation method of this flat type solar cell panel is to fix the solar cell panel directly to the roof material with bolts or the like.

(C) Problems to be Solved by the Invention Tile-shaped solar cell devices can be installed simply by laying in place of roof tiles. However, as described above, installing them on an existing roof requires time and effort. Is also undesirably bulky.

Further, the flat solar cell panel has an advantage that it can be manufactured at a lower cost than a tiled solar cell. As previously mentioned,
In the conventional one, it is directly fixed to the roof material with bolts or the like and installed.

By the way, the surface temperature of the solar cell panel installed on the roof rises to about 70 ° C. in midsummer sunny weather. At this time, the temperature of the roof located below the panel is about 40 ° C. Due to this temperature rise, the solar cell panel expands. Especially,
Aluminum is generally used for the frame for fixing the panel, and the linear expansion coefficient of this aluminum is different from the linear expansion separation of the solar cell itself and the linear expansion coefficient of the roofing material. There is a high possibility that stress is generated, the aluminum frame is distorted, and the roof member is cracked.

In addition, a service life of 15 years or more is desired for use as a power source for a house, and the above-described installation method has a problem in durability.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a roof-mounted solar cell which can be easily installed on an existing roof, does not damage the roof, and has excellent durability. And

(D) Means for Solving the Problems A roof-mounted solar cell according to the present invention has a solar cell panel in which at least one solar cell module is incorporated in a frame, and is movably mounted on a roof material via a spacer. The frame body of the solar cell panel and the eaves under roof member are attached via a wire.

Alternatively, a substantially L-shaped clamp member made of a shape memory alloy may be fixed to a member under the eaves of the roof, and the clamp member and the frame of the solar cell panel may be attached via a wire.

Furthermore, in the installation method of the present invention, the frame in which the solar cell module is incorporated is movably mounted on a roof material via a spacer, and the frame is attached to a roof eaves member. It is characterized by incorporating a solar cell module into the body.

(E) Function The solar cell panel is movably mounted on the roofing material via the spacer, and the wire is attached between the panel frame and the eaves lower member. Therefore, even when the temperature of the surface of the solar cell rises and the frame expands, for example, in the middle of summer, the solar cell panel moves on the roofing material, absorbs the expansion of the frame, and generates distortion due to thermal stress. Not only improves durability but also prevents damage to the roof.

In addition, the angles of two sides of the substantially L-shaped shape memory alloy clamp member are displaced by the temperature, and absorb the expansion and contraction of the frame and the wire due to the temperature change. Therefore, regardless of the temperature change, the frame can always be attached with an appropriate constant tension applied.

In addition, vibrations such as earthquakes escape to each other between the frame, the wire, and the roof, so that durability is improved.

Furthermore, according to the installation method of the present invention, the frame is first assembled on the roof, and then the solar cell module is incorporated.
The weight of each member is not so large, and installation is easy.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

First, an example of a solar cell module used in the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

(1) is a substrate made of a transparent and insulating material such as tempered glass, and (2), (2)... Are photoelectric conversion regions directly attached to the surface of the substrate (1) at regular intervals. The photoelectric conversion regions (2), (2)... Are, for example, from the substrate (1) side.
Transparent conductive films such as tin oxide and indium tin oxide (3)
(3) ..., a semiconductor film (4) (4) ... made of amorphous silicon having a semiconductor junction therein, and a back electrode film (5) made of aluminum or the like which makes ohmic contact with the semiconductor film (4) (4). ) (5)... Are sequentially laminated to form a micron-order film.

Each of the semiconductor films (4), (4),... Has a thickness of 50 to 250 from the light receiving surface side to form, for example, a PIN junction parallel to the film surface.
A P-type layer of about Å, an I-type (intrinsic) layer of about 4000 to 7000Å and an N-type layer of about 300 to 600Å are sequentially laminated and deposited, so that the substrate (1) and the transparent conductive films (3) (3) ... When light is transmitted through the substrate, electrons and holes in a free state are mainly generated in the I-type layer, and the electrons and holes are formed by the respective layers.
The transparent conductive films of the adjacent photoelectric conversion regions (2) (2) are collected by the PIN junction electric field and are collected by the transparent conductive films (3) (3) and the back electrode films (5) (5). (3) (3).. And the back electrode films (5) (5).

(6) is an outer frame made of aluminum or the like, and (7) is a resin layer covering the photoelectric conversion regions (2), (2).

Next, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which the apparatus of the present invention is installed on an existing roof, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same main part, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing different mounting modes. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state of attachment to the eaves lower member, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of a frame used in the present invention. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which the solar cell module is incorporated into the frame. FIG. 6 (a) is an exploded perspective view, and FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (c) are side views. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of electrical connection between the modules.

The frame used in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG.

The frame (11) is made of aluminum or the like, and has a required number of wires (12) for fixing the module inside. At the bottom of this frame (11) are a plurality of fixed legs (13) (1
3) are provided, and a spacer member (14) made of fluoro rubber, wood, or the like is provided at an end of the fixed leg (13), that is, at a position where it comes into contact with the roof material.

As a structure of the frame body (11), as shown in FIG. 5 (a), an aluminum pipe and a stainless steel pipe are formed by bending, and as shown in FIG. 5 (b),
Examples include an aluminum plate body.

In both embodiments, the distance between the roof material and the module is the total length of both the fixed leg (13) and the spacer member (14).

At least one solar cell module (10) shown in FIG. 11 is incorporated in the above-mentioned frame (11). When the solar cell module (10) incorporated in the frame (11) is placed on the roofing material, the distance between the solar cell module (10) and the roofing material is equal to the length of the fixed feet (13) and the spacer (14). A gap is generated by the amount of the gap. This gap allows heat radiation of the solar cell module (10).

In the present embodiment, nine modules (10) are incorporated in one frame (11). The frame (11) and the module (10) are assembled by, for example, as shown in FIG. 6, by attaching a Z-shaped mounting bracket (15) to the outer frame (6) of each module (10).
And attach the mounting brackets (15) to the wires (12) of the frame (11), respectively.

The electrical connection between each module (10) (10)
As shown in the figure, an electric wire may be wound around the wire (12), or the wire (12) may be made a conductive wire and connected to the electric wire by a crimp terminal (16). The solar cell panel (20) thus formed is fixed on the existing roof with wires. The installation of the solar cell panel (20) on the roof will be described with reference to FIGS.

In these figures, (21) is the roof of the existing house (22)
Is a roof tile and (23) is a waste tile.

Roof tiles (22) (22) of the roof (21) facing the south side ...
A solar cell panel (10) is movably mounted on the upper side via a spacer (13). The frame (11) of this solar cell panel (20) and the roof (21) purlins, nose purlins, eaves, eaves and other eaves members (24) are connected with multiple wires (25) ... Be worn. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, a clamp member (26) is fixed to a purlin (24) below the eaves with bolts (27) and the like, and the clamp member (26) is attached to a frame (11). Turn the buckled wire (25) (2
8) is attached via.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the inclination direction of the roof (21) exceeds the torsion (30), and the clamp member (26) is similarly fixed to the rafters under the eaves with bolts and the like. The clamp member (26) and the wire (25) attached to the frame (11) are connected, and both are attached.

 Incidentally, (31) is a cushion member.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), the frame (11) above the solar cell panel (20) is provided with a fixing bracket (32) on a waste roof tile (23). 32) may be attached via a wire (25).

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

FIG. 8 is a side view showing an example of a method of forming a clamp member made of a shape memory alloy applied to the apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 8A shows a state in which the clamp member is formed at the reverse transformation start temperature during heating, and FIG. 8B shows a state in which the clamp member is bent at the transformation start temperature during cooling.

A shape memory alloy is known in which an arbitrary shape is stored in advance, and even if deformation is applied in a low-temperature phase, when heated to a high-temperature phase, the shape memory alloy returns to its original shape before deformation.

As shown in Table 1, there are many types of shape memory alloys.

Of these, the most practical material is Ti
-Ni (nitinol). By changing the composition of Ti and Ni or replacing Co and Fe, the transformation temperature can be brought to any lower temperature. Pull even strength also 23.92kg / mm ² and strong enough.

A Cn-Zn-Al alloy, which is cheaper than TiNi and easy to process and manufacture, is also a practical material. Again, with a slight change in composition, the transformation temperature can be adjusted to -105 to 380C. FIG. 10 shows the relationship between the composition ratio and the transformation temperature.

In the present embodiment, the clamp member (26) is formed using a shape memory alloy having a composition of, for example, Ti-Ni, Cu-Zn-Al. The composition of the shape memory alloy is adjusted so that As is 30 ° C. and Ms is 5 ° C.

First, a plate-shaped or rod-shaped shape memory alloy is used for the clamp member (26) in this embodiment. Then, at a temperature of 30 ° C. or more, this shape memory alloy is formed into a substantially L-shape as shown in FIG. At this time, the angle between the two sides (26a) and (26b) of the clamp member (26) is set to be large as shown in FIG.

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 8 (b), the clamp member (26) is bent at a temperature of 5 ° C. or less to reduce the angle between the two sides (26a) (26b).

When the temperature rises, the clamp member (26) of the present embodiment deformed as shown in FIG. 8 (b) returns to the shape shown in FIG. 8 (a).

Next, how the clamp member (26) is attached to the frame (11) will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 9 (a) is a perspective view showing a mounting mode in summer, and FIG. 9 (b) is a perspective view showing a mounting mode in winter.

As shown in FIG. 9, the above-described clamp member (26) of the present embodiment is fixed to a purlin (24) below the eaves with a bolt (27) or the like. Then, a frame (11) is attached to the clamp member (26).
The wire (25) attached to is attached with a constant tension through a turnbuckle (28).

Thus, in summer, the temperature rises and the frame (11) and the wire (25) thermally expand. However, as shown in FIG. 9 (a), the clamp member (26) has two sides (26a). ) (26b) becomes large. Therefore, the frame (11) and the wire (2
The expansion of (5) is absorbed by the displacement of the clamp member (26), and the state in which the frame body (11) and the like are attached with appropriate tension is maintained.

On the other hand, in winter, the temperature decreases and the frame (11) and the wire (25) contract, but the clamp member (26)
As shown in FIG. 2B, the angle between the two sides (26a) (26b) becomes small. Accordingly, the contraction of the frame (11) and the wire (25) is absorbed by the displacement of the clamp member (26), and the frame (1)
1), etc. are maintained in a state where they are attached with appropriate tension.

FIG. 12 is a diagram showing changes in the amount of solar radiation and temperature of the solar cell with time. As can be seen from FIG. 12, when the weather is fine in midsummer, the surface of the solar cell rises to 70 ° C.
On the other hand, the surface of the roof tile (22) rises to about 40 ° C. Due to this temperature rise, each member, that is, the solar cell module (10)
For example, as the glass substrate (1), the aluminum of the frame body (11), and the roof tile (22), the amount of thermal expansion differs according to the difference in linear expansion coefficient and the difference in temperature of each of the slate tiles. For example, the glass 7 mm, the aluminum 16 mm, and the slate roof tile (when considered as a whole) extend about 4 mm compared to the case of 0 ° C. in the longitudinal direction of 10 m.

Here, each linear expansion coefficient α is α (aluminum) = 23 × 10 ⁻⁶ (1 / ° C.) α (glass) = 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ (1 / ° C.) α (slate) = 10 × 10 ⁻⁶ (1 / ° C).

As described above, there is a difference of about 12 mm between the aluminum frame (11) and the slate roof. Therefore, if the frame body (11) and the roof tile (22) are directly fixed, the roof tile (22) will be displaced or thermal stress will be generated between them. Therefore, there is a possibility that the frame body (11) may be distorted, the roof tile (22) may be damaged, and the durability is not good. However, in the present invention, since the roof tile (22) and the solar cell panel (20) are movably mounted, stress is applied to the roof tile (22) even when the frame (11) extends. Never the roof tiles (2
2) There is no risk of damage.

On the other hand, since the frame (11) and the roof (22) are attached via the wire (25), the linear expansion coefficient of the wire (25) is very close to that of the aluminum frame (11). The wire (25) also extends to absorb the expansion of the frame (11). Moreover, the attachment of the wire (25) is performed so that the solar cell panel (20) does not drop in the event of a typhoon, earthquake, or the like. Therefore, attachment by the wire (25) has a certain degree of freedom as compared with fixing directly to the roof with bolts.
Therefore, the elongation due to the thermal expansion of the frame body (11) can be sufficiently absorbed, and no thermal stress is applied to the frame body (11). Also, the attachment of the solar cell module (10) and the frame (11) is as described above,
If a certain degree of freedom is provided between the two members, as in the case of the wire provided on the frame (11), the difference in the extension between the glass and the frame can be absorbed by the portion where they are attached. This makes it possible to prevent deterioration due to thermal stress and the like.

Further, as described above, since the solar cell panel (20) is installed on the roof (21) with a certain degree of freedom, vibrations such as an earthquake are released from each other, so that durability is improved.

Next, consider the weight of the solar cell panel (20). The solar cell module (10) itself is 14 kg / m ² ,
The frame (11) is within 6 kg / m ² . Therefore, when used as a household power source, the light receiving area is required to be 30 m ² as described above, so that the total weight is not less than 420 kg and not more than 600 kg. As described above, the roof-mounted solar cell device for a house becomes extremely heavy. Also, the size will be as large as 10 × 3 m,
If this is installed on a roof in a completed state, a large-scale device such as a crane is required.

Therefore, the installation method of the present invention proposes a method of installing a roof-mounted solar cell on a roof very easily. That is, first, only the frame body (11) is movably mounted on the roof tile (22) on the roof (21) via the spacer (14). And about the installation of this frame (11), you may carry out the member divided as needed on a roof, and may assemble it on a roof. Since the weight of the frame body (11) itself is relatively light, it can be easily carried on the roof (21) and requires no special base material other than manual labor.

Next, as shown in FIG. 2, the frame (11) placed on the roof (21) is connected to the eaves lower member (24) via a wire (25), and both are attached. As shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. 9, for example, a clamp member (26) is fixed to a rafter, a purlin or the like, and the clamp member (26) and the wire (25) are attached to the eaves under member (24). And the turnbuckle (28).

Subsequently, the solar cell modules (10) are carried one by one on the roof (21), erected on wires or the like of the frame (11), and sequentially mounted, and electrically connected to each other to complete the installation.

As described above, according to the installation method of the present invention, the solar cell device can be extremely easily installed on the roof without any special equipment or the like.

In the above-described embodiment of the present invention, an apparatus incorporating a plurality of solar cell modules has been described. However, when a desired output can be obtained with one solar cell module, it is needless to say that one apparatus can be configured. .

Furthermore, in this embodiment, a frame is used separately from the outer frame of the solar cell module, but this outer frame can also be used as the frame.

(G) Effect of the Invention As described above, in the present invention, the solar cell panel is movably mounted on the roofing material via the spacer, and is attached to the eaves lower member of the main body with the wire. Therefore, even when the temperature of the solar cell surface rises during midsummer and the frame expands,
The solar cell panel moves onto the roof material to absorb the expansion of the frame, and does not generate distortion or the like due to thermal stress, thereby improving durability and preventing damage to the roof.

Furthermore, when a substantially L-shaped clamp member made of a shape memory alloy is used, the angles of the two sides are displaced by the temperature, and the expansion and contraction of the frame and the wire due to the temperature change are absorbed. The frame can always be attached with an appropriate constant tension applied.

In addition, vibrations such as earthquakes escape to each other between the frame, the wire, and the roof, so that durability is improved.

Furthermore, according to the installation method of the present invention, the frame is first assembled on the roof, and then the solar cell module is incorporated.
The weight of each member is not so large, and it can be easily installed without any special equipment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a state in which the apparatus of the present invention is installed on an existing roof, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the same main part, and FIG. 3 is a side view showing different mounting modes. FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state of attachment to the eaves lower member, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of a frame used in the present invention. FIG. 6 shows an embodiment in which the solar cell module is incorporated into the frame. FIG. 6 (a) is an exploded perspective view, and FIGS. 6 (b) and 6 (c) are side views. FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing an example of electrical connection between the modules. FIG. 8 is a side view showing an example of a method of forming a clamp member applied to the apparatus of the present invention, and FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a state of attachment to an eaves lower member using the clamp member of FIG. FIG. 10 is a special chart showing the relationship between the composition ratio of the shape memory alloy (Cu-Zn-Al) and the transformation temperature. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view showing a solar cell module, and FIG. 12 is a diagram showing changes in the amount of solar radiation and temperature of the solar cell with time. 10… Solar cell module, 11… Frame, 13… Fixed legs, 14…
Spacer, 20 solar cell panel, 21 roof, 22 roof tile, 23 roof tile, 24 eaves lower member, 25 wire, 26 clamp member.

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (56) References Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-70455 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Sho 63-87853 (JP, U) (58) Fields surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) H01L 31/04 E04D 13/18 E04D 13/00

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A solar cell panel having at least one solar cell module incorporated in a frame is movably mounted on a roof material via a spacer, and the frame and a roof eaves member are connected to each other via a wire. A roof-mounted solar cell characterized in that it is attached by mounting. 2. The roof-mounted solar cell according to claim 1, wherein said spacer is fixed to said frame. 3. A roof-mounted solar cell according to claim 1, wherein a clamp member is fixed to a member under the eaves of the roof, and the frame is attached to the clamp member via a wire. . 4. The clamp member is formed in a substantially L-shape with a shape memory alloy, and is configured such that an angle between two sides of the clamp member becomes larger at a higher temperature than at a low temperature, 4. The structure according to claim 3, wherein expansion and contraction due to a temperature change are absorbed by deformation of the clamp member, and the frame is attached to the frame with a constant tension.
A roof-mounted solar cell according to 1. 5. A frame in which a solar cell module is to be assembled is movably mounted on a roofing material via a spacer, and the frame is attached to a roof eaves member. A method for installing a roof-mounted solar cell, comprising incorporating a module.