JP2749011B2 - Cells that can be subcultured in serum-free medium and method for obtaining the same - Google Patents

Cells that can be subcultured in serum-free medium and method for obtaining the same

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Publication number
JP2749011B2
JP2749011B2 JP62025929A JP2592987A JP2749011B2 JP 2749011 B2 JP2749011 B2 JP 2749011B2 JP 62025929 A JP62025929 A JP 62025929A JP 2592987 A JP2592987 A JP 2592987A JP 2749011 B2 JP2749011 B2 JP 2749011B2
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serum
cells
medium
insulin
free
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JPS63192381A (en
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尊宗 安田
修 小田原
規夫 野田
肇 川原田
清 渡辺
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Kanegafuchi Chemical Industry Co Ltd
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Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 《産業上の利用分野》 本発明は動物細胞の無血清培養に関するものである。
更に詳しくは糖、アミノ酸、ビタミン、核酸等を含む基
礎培地に血清を代替する蛋白性成長因子として、インス
リン単独を含有する無血清培地で増殖継代可能な細胞お
よび作製方法に関する。 《従来技術》 動物細胞の大量培養はウィルス、ワクチンの製造のた
め、ならびに白血球やハイブリドーマよりインターフェ
ロンやモノクローナル抗体生産などのために実施されて
きた。また近年遺伝子組換え技術の進展にともない、大
腸菌や枯草菌などの細菌を宿主として生産される蛋白質
とは異なり、グリコシレーションや各種の修飾等、生体
中に存在する天然の型として生産される等、多くの利点
を有していることから、動物細胞を宿主とした有用蛋白
質の生産が注目され、大量培養技術の重要性が高まって
いる。 動物細胞大量培養による有用物質生産上の問題点の1
つは動物細胞の到達密度が低いことがあげられている。
この点の解決法の1つとして培地潅流による高密度培養
法があり、種々の装置が開発されている〔Tolbert,W,R,
S インビトロ (In vitro) 17巻 10号 885頁,198
1年,特開昭60-9482〕。 また、培地中の律速成分を探索し、律速アミノ酸等を
補足することにより細胞密度の向上をはかる試みもなさ
れている(特開昭60-54677)。 第2の問題点は、動物細胞の生育には糖、アミノ酸、
ビタミン、核酸等を含む基礎培地に5〜20%の血清を必
要とすることである。血清は高価であり、培地コストの
大半を占めるだけでなく多種多様の蛋白質が含まれ、目
的蛋白質の精製を複雑にする。更に血清はロット毎に品
質が異なり、細胞増殖への影響も大きく、ウィルスやマ
イコプラズマの汚染源となる可能性も考えられる。 一方、血清の役割は細胞にホルモンや成長因子を供給
するという観点から、無血清化の試みも多くなされてい
る〔G.Sato アナリティカル・バイオケミストリー(An
alytical Biochemistry) 102巻 255頁,1980年〕。無
血清培養に使用されるホルモンや成長因子としては、ハ
イドロコーチゾン、T3、インスリン、トランスフェリ
ン、上皮細胞成長因子、線維芽細胞成長因子、血小板由
来成長因子などが上げられるが、種類および作用につい
ては細胞成長因子(日本組織培養学会編・朝倉書店 19
84年)に詳しく記載されている。また新たな成長因子の
探索もなされており、成牛血清より抽出された成長促進
因子(特開昭58-206528)、馬血清由来の成長促進因子
(特開昭61-63281)および植物細胞由来の成長因子(発
酵と工業 43巻 11号 1076頁,1985年)などが報告さ
れている。 一般に、無血清培地での細胞培養に用いる「成長因
子」には、トランスフェリンまたはセレンを含むもので
ある。 無血清培養のため必要とされる成長因子は個々の細胞
により異なり、種々成長因子を組合せた無血清培養が数
多く報告されている。例えばCHO細胞はインスリン、ト
ランスフェリン、セレン〔インビトロ セルラー アン
ド デベロプメンタル バイオロジー(In vitro Cellu
lar & Developmental Biology) 21巻 10号 588頁,
1985年〕、Hela細胞はインスリン、ハイドロコーチゾ
ン、トランスフェリン、上皮細胞成長因子、線維芽細胞
成長因子〔プロシーディングス オブ ナショナルアカ
デミー オブ サイエンス アメリカ(Proc.Natl.Aca
d.Sci.USA)75巻 2号 901頁,1978年〕、BHK細胞はイ
ンスリン、線維芽細胞成長因子、ファイブロネクチン、
トランスフェリン、オレイン酸〔ジャーナル オブ セ
ルラー フィジオロジー(Journal of cellular physio
logy)114巻 215頁,1983年〕の組合せによる無血清培
養が報告されている。 有用蛋白質生産細胞の無血清培養ではモノクローナル
抗体生産マウスハイブリドーマ(特開昭58-63385)やイ
ンターフェロン−α生産ヒトバーキット腫瘍由来ナマル
バ細胞の馴養による無血清化(組織培養9巻 286頁、1
983年)などが知られている。これらは融合細胞やいわ
ゆる自発生産細胞の無血清化の例であるが遺伝子組換え
技術の進展により、いかなる細胞でも有用蛋白質の生産
が可能となり、産業上より有利な無血清培養可能な細胞
および無血清培地開発の必要性が高まっている。 前述の如く、成長因子の組合せにより種々細胞の無血
清培養が可能となっているが、インスリン、上皮細胞成
長因子、線維芽細胞成長因子などは、マウス、ウシ、ウ
マなどの動作由来であり、アルブミン、トランスフェリ
ンなどは血清由来のものが用いられている。これら成長
因子の中には高価なものもあり、また大量培養による医
薬品製造の観点から微量でも異種蛋白質の混入は好まし
くなく、使用する成長因子は非常に高純度のものが要求
される。 《発明が解決しようとする問題点》 前述の如く、無血清培地開発の方向は種々成長因子の
組合せや新規成長因子の探索等、細胞の増殖改善の試み
が多くなされており、また無血清培養でアルブミンの作
用を代替するα−サイクロデキストリンと不飽和脂肪酸
を抱接した化合物(I Yamane S.ジャパン プロシーデ
ィングス オブ ナショナル アカデミー オブ サイ
エンス(Japan Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci) 57巻 385頁,19
81年)のごとく代用物質の報告もなされているが、本発
明は無血清培養に使用する成長因子のコストおよび精製
純度の面から、また医薬品製造の観点より、添加する成
長因子の種類の少ない、即ち成長因子としてインスリン
単独の無血清培地で増殖継代可能な細胞およびその作製
方法を検討したものである。 動物細胞は、生理濃度より高濃度のインスリンが存在
すればインスリン単独で増殖促進効果を示すことが知ら
れている〔Rechler M.M.ジャーナル オブ クリニカル
エンドクリノロジー メタボリズム(J.Clin Endocri
nol Metab.)39巻 512頁,1974年〕。しかし、5〜20%
の血清を含む培地で継代されている細胞を成長因子とし
てインスリン単独を含有する無血清培地に移植しても細
胞の継代は不可能であった。 《問題を解決するための手段》 本発明者らは、インスリンの増殖促進効果に着目し、
含有する成長因子としてインスリン単独の無血清培地で
増殖継代可能な細胞の作製を鋭意研究した結果、細胞を
インスリンが共存する低血清培地で馴養することによ
り、最終的には成長因子としてインスリン単独を含む無
血清培地で血清培地と同程度の増殖を示し、継代可能な
細胞を取得でき、本発明を完成するに至った。 本発明により得られた細胞は、血清培地と同程度の増
殖を示すだけでなく、大量培養にも充分適用しうるもの
である。また培養上清中の蛋白質はインスリンと細胞由
来の分泌蛋白で構成されるのみであり、インスリン単独
の無血清培地で増殖継代可能な細胞は有用蛋白質をコー
ドする遺伝子を導入する宿主としての利用や、有用蛋白
質を生産する形質転換細胞を上記方法によりインスリン
単独を含有する無血清培地で培養することによりコス
ト、精製面で極めて有利な培養法となり、産業上、経済
面、設備面により効果を有するものである。 成長因子として使用するインスリンは細胞増殖に有効
であれば動物の由来を限定するものではなく、又濃度も
0.1μg/ml〜10μg/mlがよく使用されるが、増殖に有効
であれば上限値、下限値を限定するものではない。 基礎培地は、動物細胞培養用の一般的な培地が使用で
きる。例えば、MEM培地、ダルベッコ変法MEM培地、199
培地、RPMI1640培地、ハムF12培地などであるが、種類
および組成はメソッヅ・イン・エンザイモロジー〔(Me
thods in Enzymology),Academic press 58巻 62頁,1
979年〕に詳しく記載されている。また、無血清培養で
よく用いられるダルベッコ変法MEM培地/ハムF12培地
1/1の混合培地(DF培地)や、PRMI1640/ダルベッコ変法
MEM培地/ハムF12培地 2/1/1の混合培地(RDF培地)な
どの使用も可能である。 低血清とは、通常細胞が継代されている血清濃度で示
す細胞密度よりも成育が低下する血清濃度であり、個々
の細胞により異なり、必ずしも一定の血清濃度以下を示
すものではない。また馴養はインスリンを含有する低血
清培地で血清培地と同程度の生育を示すまで実施するも
のである。 成長因子としてインスリン単独を含有する無血清培地
で増殖継代可能な細胞の例としてCHOを具体例として記
載するが、工業的に有用な可能性をもつVero,BHK,Hela,
Cos,CEMなどその他多数の細胞があり、本発明は例示細
胞に限定されるものではない。 《実施例》 …実施例1… 5〜10%血清を添加した培地で継代しているCHO-K1細
胞を1%血清および5μg/mlのインスリンを含有するRD
F培地(RPMI 1640/ダルベッコ変法MEM/ハムF122/1/1の
混合培地)を5ml分注したコーニング社製25cm2フラスコ
(No.25100)に細胞数2×105個/ml移植し、37℃ 5%
CO2インキュベーター中で低血清培地への馴養を始め
た。以後3〜4ヶ月間隔で継殖を1カ月実施した。続い
て0.5%血清インスリン5μg/ml含有RDF培地、0.2%血
清インスリン5μg/ml含有RDF培地に1%血清含有培地
と同様に各々1カ月馴養を行った。 0.2%血清培地馴養後、インスリン単独の無血清RDF培
地に馴養した結果、血清培地と同様の増殖を示す増殖継
代可能な細胞が得られた。(第1図) …実施例2… 実施例1でインスリン単独の無血清培地に馴養して得
られた増殖継代可能なCHO-K1細胞の種細胞は37℃ 5%
CO2インキュベーター中で作製した。容量3lのミニジ
ャーにインスリン5μg/ml含有RDF培地を1分注し、
種細胞を接種した。無血清化したCHO-K1細胞は浮遊培養
可能であり温度37℃ pH7.0で培地潅流培養を実施し
た。培地潅流速度は細胞密度向上にともない増加させた
結果、細胞密度は1×107個/ml以上に達した。(第2
図)
The present invention relates to a serum-free culture of animal cells.
More specifically, the present invention relates to a cell capable of growing and subculturing in a serum-free medium containing insulin alone as a protein growth factor that substitutes serum for a basal medium containing sugars, amino acids, vitamins, nucleic acids, and the like, and a method for producing the same. << Prior Art >> Large-scale cultivation of animal cells has been carried out for the production of viruses and vaccines and for the production of interferons and monoclonal antibodies from leukocytes and hybridomas. Also, with the development of genetic recombination technology in recent years, unlike proteins produced using bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as hosts, they are produced as natural forms existing in living organisms such as glycosylation and various modifications. Because of its many advantages, production of useful proteins using animal cells as a host has attracted attention, and the importance of mass culture techniques has been increasing. One of the problems in producing useful substances by mass culture of animal cells
One is that the density of animal cells is low.
One of the solutions to this point is a high-density culture method using medium perfusion, and various devices have been developed [Tolbert, W, R,
S In Vitro 17 10 885, 198
1 year, JP 60-9482]. In addition, an attempt has been made to search for the rate-limiting component in the medium and to supplement the rate-limiting amino acids to improve the cell density (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 60-54677). The second problem is that sugars, amino acids,
It requires 5-20% serum in a basal medium containing vitamins, nucleic acids and the like. Serum is expensive and not only accounts for most of the cost of the medium, but also contains a wide variety of proteins, complicating the purification of the protein of interest. Further, the quality of serum varies from lot to lot, and has a large effect on cell growth, which may be a source of virus or mycoplasma contamination. On the other hand, many attempts have been made to eliminate serum from the viewpoint of the role of serum in supplying hormones and growth factors to cells [G. Sato Analytical Biochemistry (An.
alytical Biochemistry) 102, 255, 1980]. Hormones and growth factors used for serum-free culture include hydrocortisone, T 3 , insulin, transferrin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. Cell growth factor (edited by the Japanese Society for Tissue Culture, Asakura Shoten 19)
1984). New growth factors have also been searched for, including growth-promoting factors extracted from adult cattle serum (JP-A-58-206528), growth-stimulating factors derived from horse serum (JP-A-61-63281), and plant cell-derived factors. Growth factors (Fermentation and Industry, Vol. 43, No. 11, p. 1076, 1985) have been reported. Generally, "growth factors" used for cell culture in serum-free media include those containing transferrin or selenium. The growth factors required for serum-free culture differ for individual cells, and many serum-free cultures combining various growth factors have been reported. For example, CHO cells include insulin, transferrin, selenium [In vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology (In vitro Cellu
lar & Developmental Biology) Volume 21 Issue 10 Pages 588,
1985], Hela cells are insulin, hydrocortisone, transferrin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor [Proceedings of National Academy of Science America (Proc. Natl. Aca.
d.Sci. USA) Vol. 75, No. 2, page 901, 1978], BHK cells are insulin, fibroblast growth factor, fibronectin,
Transferrin, oleic acid [Journal of cellular physio
logy) 114, 215, 1983]. Serum-free cultivation of useful protein-producing cells has been achieved by acclimatization of monoclonal antibody-producing mouse hybridoma (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-63385) and interferon-α-producing human Burkitt tumor-derived Namaluba cells (tissue culture, Vol. 9, page 286, 1).
983). These are examples of serum-free fusion cells or so-called spontaneously-producing cells. With the progress of gene recombination technology, any cell can produce a useful protein, and there are industrially more advantageous cells capable of serum-free cultivation and cells having no serum. The need for serum culture development is increasing. As described above, serum-free culture of various cells is possible by a combination of growth factors, but insulin, epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and the like are derived from mouse, bovine, horse, etc., Albumin, transferrin and the like are derived from serum. Some of these growth factors are expensive, and it is not preferable to mix heterogeneous proteins even in a small amount from the viewpoint of pharmaceutical production by mass culture, and very high growth factors to be used are required. << Problems to be Solved by the Invention >> As described above, many attempts have been made to improve the growth of cells, such as combinations of various growth factors and search for new growth factors, in the direction of developing a serum-free medium. A compound in which α-cyclodextrin and an unsaturated fatty acid are substituted for the action of albumin (I Yamane S. Japan Proceedings of National Academy of Science (Japan Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci) 57 57 385, 19
1981), but the present invention requires less types of growth factors to be added from the viewpoints of cost and purification purity of growth factors used for serum-free culture and from the viewpoint of pharmaceutical production. That is, a study was made on cells that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium containing insulin alone as a growth factor and a method for producing the same. It is known that animal cells exhibit a growth promoting effect of insulin alone when insulin at a concentration higher than physiological concentration is present [Rechler MM Journal of Clinical Endocrinology Metabolism (J. Clin Endocri
nol Metab.) 39, 512 pages, 1974]. But 5-20%
However, even if cells passaged in a medium containing serum were transplanted to a serum-free medium containing insulin alone as a growth factor, the cells could not be passaged. << Means for Solving the Problem >> The present inventors focused on the growth promoting effect of insulin,
As a result of intensive studies on the production of cells that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium containing insulin alone as a growth factor to be contained, cells were acclimated to a low serum medium containing insulin, and eventually insulin alone was used as a growth factor. Showed the same level of growth as the serum medium in the serum-free medium containing, and cells capable of being passaged were obtained, thereby completing the present invention. The cells obtained according to the present invention not only exhibit the same level of growth as a serum medium, but are also sufficiently applicable to mass culture. In addition, proteins in the culture supernatant consist only of insulin and secreted proteins derived from cells, and cells that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium containing insulin alone can be used as a host to introduce genes encoding useful proteins. Alternatively, culturing transformed cells that produce useful proteins in a serum-free medium containing only insulin by the above-described method becomes a very advantageous culture method in terms of cost and purification, and is more effective in terms of industry, economy and equipment. Have Insulin used as a growth factor does not limit the origin of animals as long as it is effective for cell proliferation,
0.1 μg / ml to 10 μg / ml are often used, but the upper and lower limits are not limited as long as they are effective for proliferation. As the basal medium, a general medium for culturing animal cells can be used. For example, MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified MEM medium, 199
Medium, RPMI1640 medium, ham F12 medium, etc., and the type and composition are as described in Method-in-Enzymology [(Me
thods in Enzymology), Academic press 58, 62, 1
979]. In addition, Dulbecco's modified MEM medium / ham F12 medium often used in serum-free culture
1/1 mixed medium (DF medium) or modified PRMI1640 / Dulbecco method
A MEM medium / ham F12 medium 2/1/1 mixed medium (RDF medium) can be used. Low serum is a serum concentration at which growth is lower than the cell density indicated by the serum concentration at which cells are normally passaged, and varies depending on individual cells, and does not necessarily indicate a serum concentration below a certain level. The habituation is carried out in a low-serum medium containing insulin until the growth is about the same as that of the serum medium. Although CHO is described as a specific example as an example of cells that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium containing insulin alone as a growth factor, Vero, BHK, Hela,
There are many other cells such as Cos and CEM, and the present invention is not limited to the exemplified cells. << Example >> Example 1 CHO-K1 cells subcultured in a medium supplemented with 5 to 10% serum were subjected to RD containing 1% serum and 5 μg / ml insulin.
2 × 10 5 cells / ml were transplanted into a Corning 25 cm 2 flask (No. 25100) into which 5 ml of F medium (a mixed medium of RPMI 1640 / Dulbecco's modified MEM / Ham F122 / 1/1) was dispensed, 37 ℃ 5%
Start acclimation to low serum medium in a CO 2 incubator. Thereafter, subculture was performed for one month at intervals of three to four months. Subsequently, the RDF medium containing 0.5% serum insulin at 5 μg / ml and the RDF medium containing 0.2% serum insulin at 5 μg / ml were acclimated for one month in the same manner as the medium containing 1% serum. After acclimation to a 0.2% serum medium, the cells were acclimated to a serum-free RDF medium containing insulin alone. As a result, cells capable of subculture growth showing the same growth as the serum medium were obtained. (Fig. 1) ... Example 2 Seed cells of CHO-K1 cells capable of growing and subcultured obtained by acclimating to a serum-free medium containing only insulin in Example 1 were 5% at 37 ° C.
Made in a CO 2 incubator. RDF medium containing 5 μg / ml of insulin was dispensed into a 3 liter mini-jar for 1 minute,
Seed cells were inoculated. Serum-free CHO-K1 cells can be cultured in suspension, and medium perfusion culture was performed at a temperature of 37 ° C. and pH 7.0. The medium perfusion rate was increased as the cell density was increased. As a result, the cell density reached 1 × 10 7 cells / ml or more. (Second
(Fig.)

【図面の簡単な説明】 第1図は、無血清培地で増殖継代可能となったCHO-K1細
胞の増殖を示す図である。 第2図は、無血清培地で増殖継代可能な細胞CHO-K1の無
血清培地中でのミニジャー浮遊培養結果を示す図であ
る。
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the growth of CHO-K1 cells that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium. FIG. 2 shows the results of mini-jar suspension culture of cells CHO-K1 that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium in a serum-free medium.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 川原田 肇 兵庫県加古川市平岡町新在家2183―4 (72)発明者 渡辺 清 兵庫県明石市松が丘5丁目15―41 (56)参考文献 特開 昭62−14783(JP,A) 特開 昭60−6190(JP,A) In Vitro Cell.De v.Biol.,Vol.22(1986) P.66−74   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Hajime Kawahara               Hyogo Prefecture Kakogawa City Hiraoka Town New Residence 2183-4 (72) Inventor Kiyoshi Watanabe               5-15-41 Matsugaoka, Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture                (56) References JP-A-62-14783 (JP, A)                 JP-A-60-6190 (JP, A)                 In Vitro Cell. De               v. Biol. , Vol. 22 (1986)               P. 66−74

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.インスリンを含有する低血清培地で細胞を馴養後、
成長因子としてインスリンのみを含有する無血清培地で
増殖継代可能なCHO細胞を取得する方法。
(57) [Claims] After acclimating cells in a low serum medium containing insulin,
A method for obtaining CHO cells that can be subcultured in a serum-free medium containing only insulin as a growth factor.
JP62025929A 1987-02-05 1987-02-05 Cells that can be subcultured in serum-free medium and method for obtaining the same Expired - Lifetime JP2749011B2 (en)

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GB9022545D0 (en) 1990-10-17 1990-11-28 Wellcome Found Culture medium
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CN115322955A (en) * 2022-09-22 2022-11-11 金宇保灵生物药品有限公司 Domestication method of full-suspension serotype-free PK-15 cells

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In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.,Vol.22(1986)P.66−74

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