JP2747571B2 - Mixtures of cotton, nylon and heat-resistant fibers, yarns and woven fabrics - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a mixture of cotton fibers suitable for use as warp yarns of heat resistant fabrics having high durability and good aesthetics. The fabric is made from a blend of cotton, nylon and heat resistant organic fibers.

The present invention, in summary, consists in preparing a heat-resistant, durable woven fabric using a warp consisting of a certain blend of cotton, nylon and heat-resistant fibers.

The abrasion resistance of fabrics made from blends of cotton and heat resistant heat set fibers is only slightly better than that of pure cotton fabrics.

Cotton jeans are commonly worn by welders, but deteriorate rapidly due to spark holes, and pockets and cuffs wear due to friction. Cotton blended fabric with high heat resistance, good aesthetics and high abrasion resistance is used for many types of apparel,
Especially needed in work clothes exposed to heat and sparks. Fabrics made from cotton and nylon blends have very good soft surface abrasion resistance, but are as good or worse in heat resistance than cotton. The abrasion resistance of the soft surface of fabrics made from blended yarns of cotton, polyester and heat resistant fibers, such as poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T), is due to the fact that cotton and PPD-T blended yarns can be used. Approximately the same as the fabric, but lower than that of the polyester / cotton blend fabric.

The present invention relates to a method for producing a limiting oxygen index (LO) of at least 25 of 15-50%, preferably 15-35%.
Heat-resistant fiber having I), 5-20%, preferably 10-15
% Of aliphatic polyamide fibers and at least 30%, preferably at least 50% of cotton fibers, provides a mixture of staples suitable as warp yarns of fabrics having good heat resistance, durability and aesthetics. Novel fabrics containing such warp, 8-50% of heat resistant fibers, made from 3 to 25% of nylon fibers and 30-89% cotton, heat time is at least 0.022sec / g / m ^2, Taber abrasion is at least 6.8 cycles / g / m ^2. Percentages are by weight.

The staples used here are cotton density suitable for clothing,
That is, it is a textile fiber having 10 dtex / fiber or less, preferably 5 dtex / fiber or less. About 1
Cotton density of about 3 dtex / fiber and about 1.9-6.3cm
Fibers having a length (0.75-2.5 inches) are even more preferred. Crimped fibers are particularly good for the aesthetics and workability of the fabric.

The method of making the fabric includes first preparing a blend of 15-50% heat resistant staples, 5-20% aliphatic polyamide (nylon) staples and at least 30% cotton. Yarn spins this blend and uses these yarns as warp yarns to weave a fabric. The weft yarn contains 3 to 25% of nylon in the fabric and 8 to 50% of heat-resistant fiber.
% And cotton to be limited to a content of 30-89%.

It is important that the three types of fiber content be properly maintained to achieve the desired result. Too little heat-resistant fiber will cause rapid breakage when exposed to flames and sparks, while too much will lose the desired cotton aesthetics. Nylon in warp yarns is required for protection against abrasion resistance, but too much may cause the fabric to become stiff when exposed to temperatures of about 300 ° C. for a short period of time, causing loss of drape. Cotton provides a soft feel and moisture absorption that cannot be obtained with a blend of nylon and heat-resistant fiber, thus creating a comfortable cloth. Cotton also forms a soft char, as the fibers do not fuse together when exposed to heat and flame. Thus, the cotton remains in place and provides excellent protection.

The small amount of nylon in the warp yarns substantially improves the abrasion resistance of the soft surface of the new fabric when exposed to temperatures above the melting point of the nylon, without significantly impairing softness and drape. That is surprising.

A substantial increase in Taber friction resistance is achieved when a small amount of nylon is added to the 3 × 1 twill warp as shown in Examples 1-3 below compared to control fabrics A, B and C. . As can be seen in Example 2, just 10% of the nylon in the warp yarns is sufficient to provide abrasion resistance that is more than twice that of Control Fabric C. In an embodiment,
Also shown is 2% with at least 15% PPD-T.
Fabrics containing up to 0% nylon can withstand a flame under load for twice as long as pure cotton fabric (Control C). Also, as the examples show, cotton, nylon and PP
The fabric containing DT, even when heated at 300 ° C,
Maintains excellent drapability. As shown in Table 1, a cotton cloth D containing 30% nylon in the warp yarn and 100% cotton in the warp yarn rapidly becomes rigid when exposed to 300 ° C. This demonstrates the importance of keeping the nylon content in the warp yarn low.

Fibers can be spun into yarn by a variety of different methods. These methods include, but are not limited to, ring spinning, air jet spinning, and friction spinning.

Nylon 6,6 is the preferred aliphatic polyamide,
Others with similar heat and fatigue resistance, such as nylon 6, can also be used satisfactorily.

As used herein, the term `` heat-resistant fiber '' contains both carbon and hydrogen, and can also contain other elements, such as oxygen and nitrogen, and has at least 0.
A polymer staple having a heat resistance time of 018 sec / g / m ² (0.6 sec / oz / yd ² ).

An example of a heat resistant fiber used in the present invention is a stable poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPD-T) (LOI 28, heat resistance time 0.04 sec / g / m ² ). The fiber can be prepared as described in U.S. Patent No. 3,767,756 and is commercially available. Other fibers that can be used include polybenzimidazole (LOI 41, heat resistance 0.04 sec / g / m ² ) and US Pat.
Copolymers of terephthalic acid with a diamine mixture consisting of 3,4'-diaminophenyl ether and p-phenylenediamine as described in EP 0 75,172 (LOI 25,
Heat resistance time is 0.024 sec / g / m ² ). The novoloid (n
ovoloid) s, such as those made under the trade name Kynol in Japan, are satisfactory.

During the preparation of the fabric of the present invention, a durable press resin can be applied to the fabric. Many other conventional fabric treatments can also be implemented. For some applications, it is desirable to apply a twist-resistant agent to the cotton to further protect against fire.

Test Method Prior to testing of all fabrics, the fabric to be tested was subjected to one wash / dry cycle. The washing / drying cycle involves washing the fabric in a regular household
Wash in a 1.5 pH aqueous solution at 57 ° C (135 ° F) with agitation for 14 minutes, then rinse the fabric at 37 ° C (100 ° F) and use a conventional tumble dryer at 71 ° C (160 ° F). )
Drying at the final (highest) temperature to the maximum degree of drying. Usually, a drying time of about 30 minutes is required.

Abrasion Resistance Abrasion resistance was measured according to ASTM method D3884-80 using a CS-10 wheel under a load of 1000 g under a Taber abrasion tester (Teldyne Taber, 14120, New York, North Tonawanda, Bryant Street). 455, available from)
Was measured. The Taber abrasion resistance is a value obtained by dividing the number of cycles to break by the basic weight (g / m ² ) of the fabric.

Heat Resistance Heat resistance was measured using a fabric break tester described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,198,494. The same heating conditions were used, but the test method was modified such that the sample holder was exposed to a heat flux over a 2.5 x 6.3 cm area of the test sample. The sample was placed in a 2.5 × 25 cm strip and placed under a 1.8 kg tensile load by fixing one end and attaching the other end to a 1.8 kg weight suspended by a string via a pulley. The measurement is carried out on a fabric in which a load is applied only in the direction of the warp yarn and the surface of which is turned downward with respect to the flame. Also, the recorded time is the time required for the sample to break, rather than the time required for the fabric to be perforated. The value obtained by dividing the time (second) until the sample breaks by the basic weight (g / m ² ) of the fabric is defined as the heat resistant time. This type of heating device is available from Custom Scientific Instruments, Inc.
Available from Wing Drive, 13) Cedar Knolls, New Jersey 07927 as model CS-206.

For the measurement of the heat-resistant time of the heat-resistant fiber, a fabric composed entirely of either staples or filaments can be used. A plain weave fabric with substantially equal warp and fill counts should be used. Basic fabric weight should be ^{170~340g / m 2 (5~10oz / yd} 2).

Drape stiffness after heating Fabric sample, width 2.5cm, length 15cm, two sheets 0.13cm thick
And kept at 300 ° C. for 1 minute in a furnace. After removing them and cooling, the boards were removed. They were then washed and dried once according to the method described above for sample preparation, except that fresh tap water was used in place of the 11.5 pH aqueous solution.
The heated drape stiffness (Heated Drape Stifness)
The warp side of the fabric was measured according to ASTM D1388-75, a drape stiffness measurement method (drape stiffness is also referred to in D1388-75 as the flex length).

Limiting oxygen index This was measured according to ASTM method D2863-77.

Example 1 A highly durable fabric of the present invention was prepared from a ring spun yarn of a mixture of PPD-T staples, nylon staples, and cotton.

Blue-dyed PPD-T fiber with a cotton density of 25 wt% 1.65 dtex (1.5 dpf) and a cut length of 3.8 cm (1.5 inches), 20 wt% 2.77 dtex (2.5 dp
f) Polyhexamethylene adipamide (6,6-nylon) having a cotton density of 1.5 and a cut length of 3.8 cm (1.5 inches)
A sliver of fiber (available as T-420 nylon fiber from DuPont) and combed cotton picker blend having a fiber length of 3 cm (1-3 / 16 inch) of 55% by weight is prepared by a conventional cotton spinning apparatus. Then, using a ring spinning machine, 3.6 turns / cm (tpc) of “z” twist (9.2 tpi)
Into a spun yarn having The yarn made in this way is 97
2 dtex (dtex) (nominal 6/1 cotton count; 883 denier)
Was a single spun yarn. The single spun yarn thus formed is
Used as warp in a 3 × 1 right hand twill construction in a weaving loom, made from the same 6,6-nylon fibers and 70% by weight combed cotton as used in 30% by weight warp yarn; A ring spun single yarn having the same twist and linear density as the warp yarn was used as the weft yarn. Twill fabric is 25 warp yarns / cm x 19 weft yarns / cm (63 warp yarns / inch x 48
Weft / inch). 498 g / cm ² (oz / yd ² ) basis weight, 9 cycles / g / m ² Taber abrasion, 0.026 sec /
It had a heat resistance time of g / m ² and drape stiffness after heating of 5.
The fabric had 14% by weight PPD-T staples, 24% by weight nylon staples and 62% by weight cotton fibers.

Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 was followed except that the warp yarn used was 25% by weight undyed PPD-T fiber and only 10% by weight nylon and the balance cotton. The weft was 100% cotton. Cloth, 6.8 cycles / g / m ² of Taber abrasion,
It had a heat resistance time of 0.026 sec / g / m ² and a drape stiffness after heating of 4.5. The fabric had 14% by weight PPD-T staples, 6% by weight nylon staples and 80% by weight cotton fibers.

Example 3 Example 1 was repeated except that the picker-blend sliver was
Composed of 15% by weight of blue dyed PPD-T fiber, 20% by weight of 6,6-nylon fiber and 65% by weight of combed cotton, the yarn made is of the same twist and yarn as the yarn of Example 1. It was a single spun yarn of cotton density.

As in Example 1, this single yarn is used as a warp in a 3 × 1 twill construction on a loom, and a single ring spun weft is
A ring spun yarn composed of 30% by weight 6,6-nylon fiber and 70% by weight combed cotton and having the same twist and cotton density as the warp was used as the weft. The resulting fabric had 9% by weight PPD-T fibers, 24% by weight nylon staples and 67% by weight cotton fibers. The fabric, 24.4 warp /cm×17.3 weft / cm (62 warp / inch × 44 wefts / inch), basis weight of ^{505g / m 2 (oz / yd} 2), 8.3 cycles / g / m ² Taber abrasion, 0.022sec / g / m ²
With a heat resistant time of 4.5 and a heated drape stiffness of 4.5.

Non-inventive Comparative Examples AE are similar to Example 1 except that cotton is blended with either PPD-T or nylon,
We did not mix with both. Comparative Examples F and G are from Example 1.
3 shows the properties of a blend of cotton, polyester and PPD-T prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Wear resistance is 3 of nylon
Half of the component blend.

The main features and aspects of the present invention are as follows.

Characterized by consisting of 1.5-20% nylon staples, 15-50% heat resistant fibers having a heat resistance time of at least 0.018 sec / g / m ² and a limiting oxygen index of at least 25 and at least 30% cotton fibers A mixture of staples.

2. The mixture according to claim 1, wherein the heat-resistant fiber is a staple fiber of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide).

3. The mixture of staples according to item 1 or 2, wherein the staples are crimped.

4. The blend of staple fibers according to any one of the above items 1 to 3, wherein the cotton is difficult to twist.

5. A yarn comprising the mixture of staples according to any one of the above items 1 to 3.

Consisting of 6.3-25% nylon staples, 30-89% cotton and 8-50% heat resistant fibers having a heat resistance time of at least 0.018 sec / g / m ² and a limiting oxygen index of at least 25, wherein the heat resistance time is at least a 0.022sec / g / m ^2, it Taber abrasion is at least 6.8 cycles / g / m ^2, and the warp is characterized by a thread of the paragraph 5, wherein the heat resistance durability fabric .

7. The woven fabric of claim 6, wherein the staples have a cotton density of about 1 to about 3 digitex / fiber.

8. The woven fabric according to the above item 6 or 7, wherein the yarn in the weft direction is made of cotton.

9. Weft is a mixture of cotton and nylon, 6th above
Or the woven fabric according to claim 7.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A 5 to 20% nylon staple, 15 to 50%
A mixture of staples comprising heat resistant fibers having a heat resistance time of at least 0.018 sec / g / m ² and a limiting oxygen index of at least 25 and at least 30% cotton fibers. 2. A yarn comprising a mixture of staples according to claim 1. 3. Nylon staple of 3-25%, 30-89%
At least 0.018sec / g / m made of a heat-resistant fibers having ^two heat time and at least 25 of the limiting oxygen index, heat resistance time of at least 0.022sec / g / m ^2, Taber abrasion cotton and 8-50% Is at least 6.8 cycles / g / m ² , and the warp yarn is the yarn according to claim 2.