JP2740488B2 - Work finishing line - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a work finishing line applied to finish work of castings such as cylinder blocks and cylinder heads for automobiles.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Casting works having irregular three-dimensional shapes, such as cylinder blocks and cylinder heads for automobiles, are scattered at various end portions where various types of processing portions requiring finishing are scattered. It is necessary to change the gripping method and posture to perform finishing in multiple processing steps.However, conventionally, when finishing this type of casting, for example, multiple dedicated processing machines are required according to the man-hours required for finishing. The work is arranged in line, the work processing by the processing machine and the transfer of the work between the processing machines are synchronized, and the work is conveyed to each processing machine in a progressive feed form. Was being processed. In addition, the work is processed by each processing machine provided on the main transfer line and the transfer line branched from the main transfer line, and the work processed by the processing machine of the branched transfer line is again transferred to the main transfer line. To finish the work.

[0003]

In a work processing line for feeding a work to each processing machine sequentially or in a work processing line in which a processing machine and a transfer device are interlocked, if there is a difference in cycle time between the processing machines, the waiting time is reduced. The problem is that the flow of the work in the line slows down, reducing productivity, the problem that the processing machine operates with a delay required for the time required to transport the work, Since a mechanism to correct the difference in cycle time between processing machines is required,
There is a problem that equipment cost increases. The present invention separates the processing of a workpiece by a processing machine and the transport of a workpiece by a conveyor so that they function independently, and allows the processing of the workpiece to be shared by a plurality of processing machines that perform the same movement, thereby improving the productivity of the entire line. It is an object to improve the

[0004]

According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a plurality of processing machines which are individually driven and controlled so that a work is taken out at a fixed position and processed, and the processed work is transferred to the fixed position. All the processing machines are arranged in a line, and the processing machines at the beginning of the processing machine row and at least one processing machine group in which a plurality of processing machines driven and controlled to perform the same work are arranged. Work that has been sorted and processed by the starting machine,
A first conveyor that transports a work taken out by each processing machine of the odd-numbered processing machine group and a work processed by each processing machine of the even-numbered processing machine group;
A second conveyor that transports the work processed by each of the processing machines in the odd-numbered processing machine group and the work that is to be taken out by each of the processing machines in the even-numbered processing machine group; It is installed in parallel in front of the processing machine row so that it is transported, and a stopper for stopping or passing the work transported to the work removal position in front of the processing machine is opposed to each processing machine of each processing machine group The apparatus is characterized in that a stopper, which is installed and faces a processing machine on the upstream side in the processing machine group, is driven and controlled in accordance with a stop state of a work in front of the processing machine on the downstream side.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, at the time of finishing the work, the processing machine at the starting end sequentially takes out and processes the carried-in work, and sequentially transfers the processed work onto the first conveyor. Each processing machine in the odd-numbered processing machine group is the first
The workpiece conveyed from the upstream side by the conveyor and stopped before it by the stopper is taken out and processed, and the processed work is transferred to the second conveyor, and the work of the same content is shared and performed. Each of the processing machines of the second processing machine group is transported from the upstream side by the second conveyor, takes out the work stopped before it by the stopper, processes the work, and transfers the processed work onto the first conveyor. Share the same tasks. The stopper facing the upstream processing machine in the processing machine group stops a predetermined number of works in front of the downstream processing machine, and stops the work when the predetermined number of works stops in front of the downstream processing machine. The workpiece is stopped before the upstream processing machine, and each work transported toward the processing machine group is distributed to any of the processing machines in the processing machine group.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the total cycle time of each of the processing machines in the processing machine group is N times the total cycle time of the starting processing machine, and It is characterized in that the number is set to be N.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the processing machine group is constituted by N processing machines each operating with a total cycle time N times the total cycle time of the starting processing machine, and the work performs the same work. It distributes to N processing machines and processes.

[0008]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION An upstream stopper facing an upstream processing machine in a processing machine group is set in a retracted state when a certain number of workpieces are not retained in the downstream processing machine. And the drive control is performed such that the upstream stopper is switched to the advanced state when a certain number of workpieces stop before the downstream processing machine.

[0009]

Next, one embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. A work processing line for finishing the work of castings such as cylinder blocks and cylinder heads for automobiles is provided with a preparation processing line L1 for dropping foundry sand adhered to the work and cutting the gate, and a gate is cut off and the gate is cut. And a finishing line L2 for finishing the workpiece by deburring and drilling each end face of the workpiece.

In the present embodiment, two processing machines 1 having a 5-axis work handling mechanism 1a and a turret mechanism 1b, and one core knockout device 2
And a plurality of sets of processing machine units A arranged in series in the direction of transport of the work are installed in the finishing processing line L2.

In the preparatory processing line L1, the work mounted on the pallet and carried into the preparatory processing line L1 is taken out by the 5-axis work handling mechanism 1a of the processing machine 1, brought into the work processing position, and processed. At the position, the work is beaten from above by a knockout hammer to remove sand, and at the work processing position, the movement of the work is controlled by the 5-axis work handling mechanism 1a, and the gate of the work is cut by the tool of the turret mechanism 1b.

When the work is brought into the work processing position by the five-axis work handling mechanism 1a of the processing machine 1 on the preparation processing line L1, reference coordinates for determining the posture of the work are read and calculated by the NC unit, and the calculation is performed. The result is stored in the NC device.

The workpiece whose sand gate has been cut off by the processing machine 1 of the preparation processing line L1 is carried into the core knockout device 2 by the 5-axis work handling mechanism 1a of the processing machine 1 and is set on the set portion of the core knockout device 2. , And is beaten from below by a hammer on the set section to be washed off.

Each processing machine unit A of the finishing line L2 includes a base 3 installed on a floor, a frame 4 installed on the base 3, and a base 5 installed on the base 3.
Shaft work handling mechanism 1a and turret mechanism 1
b, an upper conveyor 5 and a lower conveyor 6 which are installed in parallel in front of the processing machine 1 and feed workpieces in the same direction, and a hollow processing booth 7 which is installed on the base 3 And a control panel.

The upper conveyor 5 and the lower conveyor 6 include a pair of bearing plates 40 installed along the work transfer direction,
A plurality of conveyor rollers 41 rotatably supported by the two bearing plates 40 and arranged in parallel in the work conveyance direction, a motor 42 for simultaneously rotating each of the conveyor rollers 41, and a work sandwiched therebetween. , And a pair of positioning plates 43 for positioning with. Each conveyor roller 41 of the upper conveyor 5 is installed at a position higher than each conveyor roller 41 of the lower conveyor 6 so that the work passes under the conveyor roller 41 of the upper conveyor 5 and is drawn out of the upper conveyor 5. ing.

In the processing booth 7 of each processing machine unit A, there is formed a processing chamber 50 in which the turret mechanism 1b of the processing machine 1 is inserted and the work W is processed and put in and out, and the upper end of the processing booth 7 is formed. In the vicinity of the center portion, an opening area is enlarged and reduced by a pair of cover plates 51 which horizontally move in opposite directions, and an insertion opening 53 through which a work is inserted is opened.

All foreign substances such as cutting chips generated by the processing of the work W are collected at the bottom of the pressure booth 7 and discharged.

[0018] 5-axis work handling mechanism 1 of processing machine 1
3A, a Y-axis moving member 10 bridged on the upper end of the frame 4 of the processing machine unit A along the X-axis direction (work transfer direction) on the frame 4 of the processing machine unit A via the LM guide in the Y-axis direction ( It is installed so as to be movable in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the work transfer direction).

The Y-axis moving member 10 is driven by a servo motor fixed to the frame 4 via a screw shaft and a ball screw.

The X-axis moving member 1 supported by the Y-axis moving member 10 via the LM guide so as to be movable in the X-axis direction.
1 is driven by a servomotor attached to the frame 4 via a screw shaft and a ball screw, and moves straight in the X-axis direction.

The support member 1 fixed to the X-axis moving member 11
2, a Z-axis moving member 14 which is driven by a servomotor 13 mounted on the upper end of the support member 12 via a screw shaft and a ball screw and moves straight in the Z-axis direction (vertical direction) is slidably connected. ing.

A transmission shaft 19 installed along the Z-axis direction and driven to rotate about the Z-axis is connected to an output shaft of the servo motor 15 mounted on the upper end of the Z-axis moving member 1.

The transmission shaft 19 is provided with a cover for suppressing the scattering of cutting chips during processing of the workpiece, and the transmission shaft 19 is rotatably connected to the wrist 16 driven to rotate about the X axis by a servomotor 17. Have been.

The wrist 16 is controlled to move to a work take-out position, a work processing position, and a work transfer position. The work is clamped and taken out at the work take-out position, and the posture of the work is changed at the work processing position according to processing conditions. Then, a work set jig 18 for moving the work in accordance with the processing program and unclamping and discharging the processed work W at the work transfer position is connected.

The base 18a of the work setting jig 18 has an opening 18b through which a tool is inserted when machining the back surface of the work W. The base 18a has hydraulic cylinders 18c and 18d and a clamp member 18e. , 18
f is attached.

The work setting jig 18 is a Y-axis moving member 10
Moves in the Y-axis direction by the movement of the X-axis moving member 11, moves in the X-axis direction by the movement of the Z-axis moving member 14, and moves in the Z-axis direction by the rotation of the transmission shaft 19. , And rotate around the X-axis by the rotation of the wrist 16.

In the turret mechanism 1b of the processing machine 1 installed in the processing booth 7, a turret head 29, which is driven by a motor and rotates about the X axis, is mounted on a support 27 installed on the base 3. The turret head 29 is provided with four spindles 29a which are arranged at a rotationally symmetric position of 90 ° and driven to rotate at a position facing the work W.

Each spindle 29 of the turret head 29
A tool 30 for selectively turning the work W to the machining position is exchangeably attached to a. Tool 30
End mills, drills, cutters, etc. are worn.

The entire processing machine 1 of the finishing line L2 has at least one processing machine 1 arranged at the start end and a plurality of processing machines 1 driven and controlled so as to perform the same work ( In this example, two processing machine groups G are provided.

For example, the processing machine 1 at the start end takes out the workpiece W, processes the workpiece W (breaks eight valve holes and cuts the port of the workpiece), and transfers the workpiece in a total cycle time of 55 seconds. Set to work,
The two processing machines 1 of the first processing machine group G take out the workpiece W and process the workpiece W (deburring of the cam chamber of the workpiece, deburring of the four corners of the workpiece, and breaking of the valve guide hole). ) And the transfer of the work W are set in such a manner that they operate with a total cycle time of 110 seconds without synchronizing with each other.

The total cycle time of each processing machine 1 in the finishing processing line L2 and the number of processing machines in the processing machine group G are as follows, assuming that the number of processing machines in the processing machine group G is N. 1 is set to be N times the total cycle time of the processing machine 1 at the start end.

The upper conveyors 5 of the respective processing machine units A are connected in series in front of the processing machine row of the finishing processing line L2, and the first conveyor 31 is extended in the work transfer direction.
And the lower conveyors 6 of the respective processing machine units A are connected in series and extended in the direction of transporting the work, and the work W is moved to the first position.
A second conveyor 32 that conveys in the same direction at the same speed as the conveyor 31 is installed in parallel along the arrangement direction of the processing machines 1.

Before each processing machine 1 of the processing machine group G,
The inspection conveyor 39 for extracting the processed workpiece processed by each of the processing machines 1 when necessary and carrying out the processed workpiece W to the outside of the first conveyor 31 for the purpose of inspecting the finished state is formed by the second conveyor. 32 and first conveyor 3
Each of them is installed in a state of branching from the middle of 1.

The processing machine 1 at the start end of the processing machine row is the work W which has been carried into the finishing processing line L2 from the preparation processing line L1.
The workpiece W is taken out, brought into the work processing position, processed, and drive-controlled to transfer the processed work W onto the first conveyor 31.

Each of the processing machines 1 of the first processing machine group G adjacent to the processing machine 1 at the starting end is transferred onto the first conveyor 31 by the processing machine 1 at the starting end and is conveyed by the first conveyor 31. W is taken out at the work take-out position on the first conveyor 31, brought into the work processing position and processed,
Drive control is performed so that the processed work W is transferred onto the second conveyor 32.

Each processing machine 1 of the second processing machine group G
Is the second by the processing machine 1 of the first processing machine group G.
The work W transferred onto the conveyor 32 and transported by the second conveyor 32 is taken out at a work take-out position on the second conveyor 32, brought into a work processing position and processed, and the processed work W is processed by the first conveyor. Drive control is carried out so that they are transferred onto the base 31, respectively.

The work W processed by the processing machine B at the start end is transferred onto the first conveyor 31 and transported downstream, and each work W transferred by the first conveyor 31 downstream of the processing machine 1 at the start end. Is taken out and processed by any one of the processing machines 1 in the first processing machine group G.

Each work W processed by each processing machine 1 of the first processing machine group G is stored in the second conveyor 3
Each workpiece W transferred on the second and transferred to the downstream side by the second conveyor 32 and transferred to the downstream side of the first processing machine group G by the second conveyor 32 It is taken out and processed by the processing machine 1.

Each work W processed by the processing machines 1 of the second processing machine group G is transferred onto the first conveyor 31 and carried out of the line.

In front of each processing machine 1 of the first processing machine group G, the work path on the first conveyor 31 is opened and closed before each processing machine 1 of the first processing machine group G. The stoppers 33 for stopping or passing the work W conveyed to the controller are provided so as to be able to control the switching between the advanced state and the retracted state.

In front of the processing machines 1 of the second processing machine group G, the work path on the second conveyor 32 is opened and closed before each of the processing machines 1 of the second processing machine group G. The stoppers 33 for stopping or passing the work W conveyed to the controller are provided so as to be able to control the switching between the advanced state and the retracted state.

Each stopper 33 is supported by a support shaft 35 connected to the upper end of a bracket 34 erected on the base 3 so as to be tiltable in the vertical direction, and each stopper 33 is installed on the base 3. The switching cylinder 36 is connected to a piston rod 36a.

The switching cylinder 3 is provided at the upper end of the stopper 33.
When the piston rod 36a moves upward, it advances to an advanced position above the transfer surfaces of the conveyors 31 and 32 to receive the work on the conveyors 31 and 32, and the piston rod 36a of the switching cylinder 36 moves downward. A stopping portion 33a that retreats to a retreat position below the transfer surface of the conveyors 31 and 32 when released and releases the work on the conveyors 31 and 32.
Are formed.

The upstream stopper 33 facing the upstream processing machine 1 of the two adjacent processing machines 1 in the processing machine group G is in a state where the workpiece W is stopped in front of the downstream processing machine 1. The drive is controlled in accordance with.

For example, the upstream stopper 33 is in a state where the work W is not stopped in front of the downstream processing machine 1 or in a state where one work W is stopped in front of the downstream processing machine 1. When the two workpieces W are parked in front of the downstream processing machine 1, the state is switched to the advance state in order to stop the workpiece W in front of the upstream processing machine 1.

The processing machine 1 on the downstream side of the processing machine group G (the end when the number of processing machines in the processing machine group G is two or more)
Is always kept in the advanced state, and the stopper 33 facing the processing machine 1 at the start end is always kept in the retracted state.

The total cycle time of the processing machines 1 at the beginning of the finishing processing line L2 is 55 seconds, the number of processing machines in the first processing machine group G is two, and each processing machine 1 in the first processing machine group G is set. Total cycle time of 110
And the transport time until the workpiece W transferred on the first conveyor 31 by the workpiece 1 at the start end is transported before each of the processing machines 1 in the first processing machine group G is 10 seconds. At the time of finishing the work W on the finishing line L2, the processing machine 1 at the starting end takes out and works each of the carried-in works W, and moves the finished works W onto the first conveyor 31 one by one for 55 seconds. Put on.

The downstream processing machine 1 in the processing machine group G
Starts, for example, 120 seconds (110 seconds + 10 seconds) after the start of the processing machine 1 at the start of the operation of the line, and then starts to operate at intervals of 110 seconds. The first work W among the works stopped before is taken out and processed.

The upstream processing machine 1 in the processing machine group G has been operated 110 hours after the upstream processing machine 1 started its first operation.
The first operation is started after a lapse of seconds (230 seconds after the start of the processing machine 1), and thereafter, the operation is repeatedly performed at intervals of 110 seconds, and the workpiece W is placed before the upstream processing machine 1. Takes out and processes the work W every time it stops.

As shown in FIG.
Five seconds later, the first work W-1 stops in front of the downstream processing machine 1, and the second work W-1 120 seconds after the start of operation.
-2 stops in front of the processing machine 1 on the downstream side, and 1
After 75 seconds, the third work W-3 stops before the downstream processing machine 1.

In front of the processing machine 1 on the downstream side, two works W-
When W-2 and W-3 stop, the upstream stopper 33 is switched to the advanced state, and the fourth work W-4 stops before the upstream processing machine 1 230 seconds after the start of operation.

The fourth work W-4 is the processing machine 1 on the upstream side.
, The upstream processing machine 1 starts the first operation and takes out and processes the fourth work W-4.

The processing machine 1 on the upstream side is the fourth work W-4.
When the removal, the upstream-side stopper 33 is switched to the retracted state, and the downstream-side processing machine 1
After 0 seconds, the first operation is completed, the first work W1 is transferred onto the second conveyor 32, the second operation is subsequently started, and the second work W-2 is transferred to the first conveyor W2. It is taken out from the conveyor 31 and processed.

340 seconds after the start of the operation, the downstream processing machine 1 finishes the second operation, and transfers the processed second work W-2 onto the second conveyor 32. The third operation is started, and the third work W-3 is taken out and processed.

After 285 seconds from the start of the operation, the fifth work W-5 stops in front of the downstream processing machine 1 and the two works W-3, W- are positioned in front of the downstream processing machine 1. When 5 stops, the upstream stopper 33 is switched to the advanced state, and the sixth work W-6 stops before the upstream processing machine 1 340 seconds after the start of operation.

The sixth work W-6 is the processing machine 1 on the upstream side.
, The processing machine 1 on the upstream side, which has completed the first operation 340 seconds after the start of operation, continuously starts operation and takes out and processes the sixth work W-6.

In the same manner, each work W-7, W-8,.
Is taken out and processed by either the downstream or upstream processing machine 1 and transferred onto the second conveyor 32.

Each processed work W processed by each processing machine 1 of the first processing machine group G and transported by the second conveyor 32 is processed by any one of the processing machines 1 of the second processing machine group. , Each processed workpiece W
Is carried out by the first conveyor 31.

According to the above embodiment, the work W to be machined
Are distributed to the respective processing machines 1 of the processing machine group G, and the respective processing machines 1 of the processing machine group G share work of the same content and individually perform the same work. Therefore, the processing amount per unit time is increased to increase the productivity. Even when the difference between the cycle time required for the upstream process and the cycle time required for the downstream process is large, the loss time is reduced and the upstream process and the downstream process are reduced. The process can be smoothly connected.

Further, the first and second conveyors 31, 3
2 independently transports the work without interlocking with the movement of each processing machine 1, so that a dedicated transfer mechanism that changes the flow of the work in accordance with the movement of the processing machine, and the timing at which the processing machine transfers the work. This eliminates the need for a complicated mechanism or the like for synchronizing the timing at which the conveyor delivers and receives the work, thereby reducing equipment costs of the transport mechanism and the finishing line.

An unprocessed work to be supplied to each processing machine 1 of the processing machine group G and a processed work processed by each processing machine are separated into first and second conveyors 3.
Since the workpieces 1 and 32 are concurrently transmitted on different paths, the flow of the works W can be smoothed and mutual interference between the works W can be eliminated.

Further, since the processing machines 1 of each processing machine group G take out and process the work W stopped before the processing machine 1, the transfer time required for transferring the work to the front of the processing machine 1 is taken. Can be included in the operation time of the processing machine 1, and the problem that extra work transfer time is required can be solved.

Further, the number of workpieces processed by the processing machine 1 at the starting end is equal to the number of workpieces processed by all the processing machines 1 of the processing machine group G, so that each of the processing machines is operated efficiently to perform the processing. Loss time due to machine operation waiting can be minimized.

[0064]

According to the present invention, the work to be machined is distributed to each machine in the machine group and the machine group G
Since each of the processing machines performs the same work separately, the amount of processing per unit time can be increased to improve the productivity, and the cycle time required for the upstream process and the downstream time can be reduced. Even when the difference between the cycle time required for the process on the side is large, the loss time can be reduced and the process on the upstream side and the process on the downstream side can be succeeded.

Further, since the first and second conveyors independently transport the work without interlocking with the movement of each processing machine, a dedicated transfer mechanism for changing the flow of the work in accordance with the movement of the processing machine, In addition, a complicated mechanism or the like for synchronizing the timing at which the processing machine delivers and receives the work and the timing at which the conveyor delivers and receives the work becomes unnecessary, and the equipment cost of the transport mechanism and the finishing processing line can be reduced.

Further, the unprocessed work to be supplied to each processing machine of the processing machine group and the processed work processed by each processing machine are fed by the first and second conveyors along different paths. In addition, it is possible to smooth the flow of the work and eliminate mutual interference between the works.

Further, since the processing machines in each processing machine group take out and process the work stopped in front of the processing machine, the transfer time required for transferring the work to the processing machine is reduced by the operation time of the processing machine. It can be included in the time, and it is possible to eliminate the problem that extra work transport time is required.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the number of workpieces processed by the processing machines at the starting end is equal to the number of workpieces processed by all the processing machines in the processing machine group, so that each processing machine can be efficiently used. It is possible to minimize the loss time caused by waiting for the processing machine to be operated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preparation processing line and a finishing processing line showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating an arrangement state of a processing machine.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a processing machine unit.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a processing booth.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a work setting jig and a work.

FIG. 6 is a front view of a conveyor and a stopper.

FIG. 7 is a time chart illustrating an operation mode of a processing machine and a flow of a work.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Processing machine 1a 5-axis work handling mechanism 1b Turret mechanism 18 Work set jig 31 First conveyor 32 Second conveyor 33 Stopper G Processing machine group L1 Finishing processing line

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plurality of processing machines which are individually driven and controlled so that a work is taken out at a fixed position and processed, and the processed work is transferred to the fixed position, are arranged in a line, and all the processing machines are arranged. The processing machine at the start end of the processing machine row and at least one processing machine group in which a plurality of processing machines that are driven and controlled to perform the same work are arranged and processed by the processing machine at the start end. A first conveyor for transporting a workpiece, a workpiece taken out by each processing machine of an odd-numbered processing machine group, a workpiece processed by each processing machine of an even-numbered processing machine group, and an odd-numbered processing A second conveyor that transports the workpieces processed by the respective processing machines of the machine group and the workpieces taken out by the respective processing machines of the even-numbered processing machine group, such that both conveyors transport the workpieces in the same direction. And installed in parallel in front of the processing machine row, and a stopper for stopping or passing the work conveyed to the work removal position in front of the processing machine is installed facing each processing machine of each processing machine group. A workpiece finishing processing line, wherein a stopper of a processing machine group facing an upstream processing machine is driven and controlled in accordance with a stoppage state of a work in front of a downstream processing machine. 2. The total cycle time of each processing machine in the processing machine group is set to be N times the total cycle time of the starting processing machine, and the number of processing machines in the processing machine group is set to N. The work finishing line according to claim 1, wherein: