JP2729787B2 - Shield machine and operating method thereof - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a shield excavator, particularly a shield excavator suitable for including a landfill site in an excavation route, and a method of operating the same.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art A shield excavator has a rotary cutter disc including a cutter bit and a roller cutter at the forefront of a cylindrical wall called a shield, and the tunnel is formed by rotating the cutter disc to excavate a face. Dig up. The foremost part of the excavator, where the cutter disk is located, is separated from the rear space as a cutter chamber. In general (for example, in the case of a so-called muddy shield excavator), the excavated soil (cutting earth) is supplied. The cutter chamber is filled with water and discharged to the outside by a pump through a drain pipe.

[0003] Since the excavation path of the shield machine can include not only soft ground but also hard ground containing a large amount of gravel, a pump having a relatively large diameter of a type that is difficult to clog with gravel is used as a pump thereof. Things are adopted. When the gravel is clogged,
This is because the pump becomes inoperable and cannot discharge the excavated soil. However, in recent years, a shield excavator may be provided with a means for crushing gravel so as to enable a smooth discharge of mud even when there is a gravel having a diameter larger than expected. JP-A-3-103596 discloses an example in which a double roll crusher is provided as a means for crushing gravel in an excavator having a screw conveyor instead of a pump for discharging earth and sand. Thus, the shield machine having the crushing means for gravels can smoothly excavate various grounds from soft ground to ground including large-diameter gravels.

[0004]

The excavation route of the shield machine may include a landfill, that is, an area where the sea, river, lake, or the like is a land. In such a case,
There are specific problems that occur when excavating gravel ground and the like. This is because a resin product called a paper drain material or the like may be buried underground for the purpose of improving the geology by discharging underground moisture to the surface.
The resin product is a belt-shaped object having a length of several tens of meters and having a narrow hole in the longitudinal direction for sucking out moisture in the ground by utilizing the capillary phenomenon, and is buried deep from the surface to the ground. Although this material is cut so as to be torn by the cutter disk, it may become entangled with the shaft of the pump or the impeller unless it is cut into a considerably short piece, and may prevent smooth discharge of the earth and sand. Such resins, unlike gravel, cannot be reduced by the aforementioned crushing means.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a shield machine and a method of operating the same, which can reduce the size of embedded resin such as a paper drain material, so that clogging does not occur in a mud pump or the like.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a shield machine in which a) a rotary cutter disk is provided at a foremost portion, and earth and sand is discharged from the foremost portion through a mud pipe. A means for cutting embedded resin (for example, a disk-shaped blade rotates) is provided on the disk, and c) shearing of embedded resin having a plurality of shearing blades in a casing upstream of a pump in a drain pipe. Means (for example, two axes arranged in parallel and a plurality of shearing blades arranged along each axis are engaged with each other). The “(embedded) resin” mentioned above refers to a resin such as a paper drain material and a thin metal fitting attached thereto.
The paper drain material has a width of about 10 cm and a thickness of 2 cm.
~ 8mm strip (above), such as polypropylene (continuous filament), synthetic polymer (with filter), polyolefin resin (same), special hard vinyl chloride (same), etc. It is a general material.

[0007] In such a shield machine, the buried resin underground is divided into small pieces as follows. First, the cutting means of b) provided on the cutter disk cuts the buried resin. This cutting means is on the cutter disk as shown in a) and changes its position by rotating together with the cutter disk. Therefore, even if the number of the cutting means is small, it is possible to reliably cut the resin in the excavation path. The resin cut by the cutting means enters the drainage pipe through the foremost part (so-called cutter chamber) of the shield machine together with the earth and sand, but is further cut by the shearing means of c) provided in a part leading to the pump. Divided into small pieces. Since the shearing means has a plurality of shearing blades in the casing, the resin is inevitably subjected to the action of the plurality of shearing blades in a limited space within the casing, so that the resin is short (or in the width direction). Into small pieces). The length of the resin cut by the shearing blade varies depending on the speed at which the resin is fed and how the resin bends. However, in this shearing means having a plurality of shearing blades in the casing, the interval between the shearing blades is limited. Therefore, it is easy to make a short fragment of about several tens cm or less.

[0008] As described above, if the resin is formed into short pieces, it is difficult for the pumps and the like in the subsequent portion to become entangled or clogged, and it is possible to prevent a situation in which the sand cannot be discharged.

The invention of claim 2 provides, in addition to the above a) to c), d) providing a plurality of parallel paths leading to the upstream of the pump as a part of the drainage pipe, and e) providing two or more paths. Each of the paths is provided with the above-mentioned shearing means, and f) a valve is provided at least on the inlet side (that is, immediately upstream) of each shearing means. Depending on the pressure at the forefront of the shield machine (cutter chamber), the capacity of the pump, and the like, it may be preferable to provide a valve also on the outlet side (immediately downstream) of each shearing means.

[0010] The shearing means of c) cannot always smoothly shear or crush resin attachments, gravels and the like, so that they may become inoperable by biting them. In the shield machine according to the second aspect of the present invention, d)
A plurality of routes are formed in parallel in the drain pipe upstream of the pump as shown in (e), and two or more routes are
Since the shearing means of c) is provided, even if some of the shearing means become inoperable, sediment discharge can be continued using other shearing means on other paths, and tunnel excavation can be performed. No need to interrupt.

In this shield machine, when a certain shearing device becomes inoperable, excavation is not interrupted,
Bites (metal fittings, gravel, etc.) in the shearing means can be removed or the shearing blade can be replaced. This is because the valve is attached to the shearing means in each path as shown in f), and by closing the valve, it is possible to stop the inflow of earth and sand into the shearing means. The maintenance of the shearing means in this way means that preparations for the next operation, that is, re-operation in case other shearing means become inoperable, can be quickly prepared during tunnel excavation. .

According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the shield machine described in a) to f), A) passes through only part of the two or more paths in the above e) through earth and sand. When only the shearing means is operated, B) when the shearing means becomes inoperable in the path, B-1) the shearing means is once driven in the reverse direction to perform normal rotation once or more, and still does not operate. Occasionally, B-2) drive the shearing means in another path that does not pass through the earth and sand, B-3) open the inlet side valve and let the earth and sand pass through the other path, and then B-4) stop operating Closing the inlet side valve of the shearing means
It is characterized by the following.

According to this operating method, as described in the second aspect of the invention, even if some of the shearing means become inoperable, the sediment is continuously discharged using another path and the shearing means, and The maintenance of the inoperable shearing means can be performed at any time. When the shearing means operated as in A) becomes inoperable as in B), the sediment discharge is continued by using other paths and shearing means by B-2) and B-3). By closing the valve as in B-4), the inflow of earth and sand into the inoperative shearing means is stopped.

Further, according to this operating method, when the shearing means becomes inoperable due to temporary biting or the like which can be easily released, maintenance of the shearing means is not forced to the operator. When the shearing means becomes inoperable as in B) above, as in B-1), the shearing means is once driven in reverse to rotate forward again, so that small gravels and the like are simply and temporarily moved to the shearing blade. This is because, when the biting occurs in a typical state, the biting state is released by such an operation, and a smooth operation can be performed again.

Depending on the size of the bite and the manner of biting, the biting state cannot be released only by reversing or rotating the shearing means as described above, so that the inflow of sediment into the shearing means is stopped. In this case, the operation method according to the third aspect is such that the switching in that case is performed most smoothly. That is, as described in B-2) to B-4) above, other shearing means (one that tries to pass earth and sand) are activated first, then the inlet side valve is opened, and the After the sediment starts to flow in, the inlet valve of the original shearing means (which has become inoperable) is closed. In this case, first, the other shearing means described above accepts the earth and sand after the operation is first started, and thus operates smoothly from the beginning. In other words, since the acceleration of the drive source and moving parts (shear blades, etc.) has been completed at the time of sediment inflow, the ability to shear (or crush) resins, metal fittings, gravel, etc., based on their inertia, etc., is fully demonstrated. There is no inconvenience that the operation cannot be performed because the initial acceleration cannot be performed as in the case of starting after the sediment has flowed in. Also, as a second advantage, since the valve of the original shearing means is closed after the sediment starts to flow into the other shearing means as described above, the sediment at the forefront of the shield excavator can travel to any path. The time during which it does not flow is shortened. If the valve on the inlet side of the original shearing means is closed and then the valve on the inlet side of the other shearing means is opened, there will be a time during which both valves are closed. It may be necessary to stop excavation due to excessive accumulation of water, but such a disadvantage is unlikely to occur according to the above-described operation method.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of the present invention. That is, FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an outline of the shield machine 1 mainly focusing on a system of water supply and drainage, and FIG. 2 is a detail showing a shearing machine 40 for burying resin provided in the system of the machine 1 of the machine. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing the equipment arrangement of the excavator 1.

The shield machine 1 is, as shown in FIG.
It has a cylindrical shield 3 on the outer periphery and a rotary cutter disc 2 on the forefront. The cutter disk 2 has a large number of cutter bits 2a arranged on the front surface, and excavates a face by being rotated by a drive source 5 including a hydraulic motor and the like. The rear is equipped with an erector 6, which is used to attach a segment 7 to the inner wall of the tunnel.
Build a wall. The excavator 1 obtains forward thrust by pushing the end face of the wall of the segment 7 thus assembled with the shield jack 8.

The shield machine 1 is of a so-called mud type having a diameter of about 7 m. The space at the forefront, that is, the space in the cutter chamber 4 surrounded by the partition wall 4a and the face is filled with high-pressure mud. As a result, the cutting face is stabilized, and the lubricating action between the cutter disk 2 and the cutting face is obtained, so that smooth excavation is performed. The supply of water into the cutter chamber 4 is performed through a water supply pipe 20, and muddy water is supplied through a drainage pipe 10.
Through the ground.

The system for water supply and sludge is as shown in FIG. First, a water supply pipe 20 connected to a pump (not shown) is connected to the inside of the cutter chamber 4 via a valve 21 and a valve 22. About the sludge pipe 10,
A plurality of paths 11 and 12 including a valve 14 and the like are provided so as to communicate with the upstream of the drainage pump 13 via the valve 15. The drain pipe 10 and the water supply pipe 20 are connected via valves 23 and 25 and a circulation pump 24 for the purpose of circulating or bypassing part or all of water or mud water between them.

The excavation route of the shield machine 1 includes a landfill, and a resin sheet (about 30 m in length, about 10 cm in width, about 5 mm in thickness) for ground improvement is included in the area.
And a metal fitting with a thickness of 2 to 3 mm at the tip. (Not shown), the excavator 1 employs the following configuration so that the resin sheet can be cut short to smoothly discharge muddy water.

That is, as shown in FIG. 1, two blade cutters 30 are attached to a part of the cutter disk 2 at the forefront so as to rotate together with the cutter disk 2. The blade cutter 30 is provided with a disk-shaped sharp rotary blade 31 in front of a hydraulic motor 32, and revolves the rotary blade 31 together with the cutter disk 2 while rotating, so to speak, in the excavation path of the excavator 1. The resin sheet can be cut along its orbit.

The drainage pump 13 of the drainage pipe 10
In one path 11 located on the upstream side, a part is further divided into two parallel paths 51 and 52, and the shearing machine 40 is connected to each of the two paths. The shearing machine 40 is a means for shearing the resin sheet together with its attachments and the like, and has a structure shown in FIG. That is, FIG.
As shown in (d) and (e), shafts 46 and 47 having a plurality of shear blades 48 and 49 are arranged inside the main body casing 42 and the shear blades 48 and 49 are engaged with each other.・
As shown in (c), each shaft is connected by gears 45A and 45B, and is connected to one hydraulic motor 44. Shear blade 48
49 is made of alloy steel having a hardness and abrasion resistance suitable for shearing the resin sheet and its attachments. Then, as shown in FIG. 2A, an inlet casing 41 and an outlet casing 43 are provided before and after the main casing 42.
Are attached together. As described above, in the shearing machine 40, the plurality of shearing blades 48 and 49 are meshed with each other inside the main body casing 42, and they are opposite to each other at different appropriate peripheral speeds due to the gears 45A and 45B having the same number of teeth. And the resin sheet or the like can be cut smoothly (or finely). In addition, since the manual open / close valves 53 and 54 are provided on the inlet side and the outlet side of each shearing machine 40 as shown in FIG.
Any of the 52 (in other words, the two shears 40) can be selectively used.

The shield machine 1 constructed as described above operates the sludge system shown in FIG. 1 as follows while excavating the tunnel with the cutter disk 2 and the like as described above. First, when excavating an area where a resin sheet or the like is buried as described above, the blade cutter 30 is driven and the resin sheet is cut by the action of the rotary blade 31. Since the blade cutter 30 changes its position with the rotation of the cutter disk 2,
The resin sheet is cut to a length of about 5 m.

The earth and sand including the cut resin sheet is
The water supplied from the water supply pipe 20 is mixed with the water in the cutter chamber 4 and then sent to the ground through the drainage pipe 10 by the action of the pump 13. However, the valve 14 and the valve 53 are separated so that the resin sheet can be further divided. By opening or closing 54, the sediment is removed from one path 51 including the shears 40.
Through. Since the resin sheet cut as described above further passes through the shearing machine 40, the length is shortened to about 30 cm, so that clogging or entanglement in the pump 13 does not occur. FIG. 1 shows the open / closed state of each valve at this time by white (the valve is open) and black (the valve is closed).

The metal fittings of the resin sheet are connected to the shearing machine 40.
When biting or the like occurs inside the shearing device, the shearing machine 40 to be used is switched by the following procedure. That is, 1) the hydraulic motor 44 of the shearing machine 40 (see FIG. 2 (b) and the like) cannot rotate and its hydraulic pressure rises to the rated value, and if it is detected by the pressure sensor and continues for 3 seconds, Then, the shearing machine 40 (motor 44) is once driven to rotate in the reverse direction. 2) About 1
After driving for reverse rotation for only 0 seconds, the shears 40 are returned to normal rotation again. 3) If the hydraulic pressure in the forward rotation does not become high, continue the forward rotation drive, but if it still rises to the rated value,
The shears 40 are switched back again. 4) Such a reversal
If the hydraulic pressure rises even after 5 normal rotations,
First, the shearing machine 40 in the other path 52 is started, the valves 53 and 54 on the inlet side and the outlet side are opened, and the original path 5
The first valves 53 and 54 are closed. 5) As shown in FIG. 2 (a), the shearing machine 40 has a service opening with a cover 41A which can be easily removed. Therefore, at an appropriate time, maintenance such as removing the cover 41A and removing a trapped object through the service opening is performed. Do.

On the other hand, when excavating an area where the resin sheet is not buried, it is not necessary to use the shearing machine 40, so that soil and sand are passed through another path 12 leading to the pump 13. That is, the path 12 without the shears 40
Regarding the above, the valve 14 is closed as shown in the figure (filled black) during the above, but when excavating an area where there is no resin sheet, the valve 14 is opened to allow earth and sand to pass. If it is necessary for the shield machine 1 to excavate even rough gravel ground, for example, a crusher for crushing gravel (such as a crusher) may be connected to the path 12.

FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. The illustrated shield machine 61 includes the blade cutter 30 for cutting the buried resin on the cutter disk 62, and includes the same shearing machine 40 as described above in one path 11 of the drainage pipe 10. In most parts, it is common to the shield machine 1 shown in FIGS. However, in this excavator 61, the path 11 including the shearing machine 40 is connected to the vicinity of the lowest part of the cutter chamber 64.
And the excavator 1 connected from the vicinity of the center of the cutter chamber 4 as described above. Excavation machine 6
The location in 1 may be determined according to the capacity of the pump for mud discharge, the muddy water pressure in the cutter chamber 64, and the relationship with the arrangement of other equipment in the excavator 61, and the like.

FIG. 5 shows a third embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the main part of the exhaust pipe, that is, the shearing machine 40 and the like, are provided not on the main body (not shown) of the shield machine but on the rear bogie 70 that moves subsequently. The rear bogie 70 is advanced by the wheels 73 after waiting for the sleepers 75 and the rails 76 to be provided at the portion where the shield machine has excavated and constructed the wall of the segment 7, and FIG.
The oil tank 7 serving as a hydraulic supply source for the excavator
1 and an oil pump 72 are mounted. Two parallel paths 51 and 52 branched in the upstream part of the mud pipe
And the shears 40 provided on both sides thereof, the valves 53 provided on the respective inlet sides of the shears 40, and a part of the drainage pipe 10 that has joined the two paths, on the rear bogie 70. It was provided. The resin sheet cutting means (blade cutter 3) shown in the previous embodiment (see FIGS. 3 and 4)
0) is also attached to the cutter disk of the machine. In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 5, since it is not necessary to arrange the shears 40 and the branch paths 51 and 52 in the body of the excavator, a relatively small excavator in which it is difficult to secure a space in the body. It is suitable for the case.

The shearing machine 40 provided on the main body of the shield machine or the carriage behind the shield machine can be theoretically provided with one unless it is willing to stop the excavation by the machine when it becomes inoperable. I just need. The fourth embodiment shown in FIG. 6 shows that the shears 4
0 is provided only for one unit. The valves 53 and 54 on the inlet side and outlet side are each one in accordance with the number of the shears 40. Such a configuration is suitable for a case where the excavator is considerably small due to a small tunnel diameter or the like, or a case where the shearing machine 40 is of a type that hardly causes inoperability. In FIG. 6 as well as in FIGS. 4 and 5, the same components as those in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. doing.

As described above, some embodiments have been introduced.
The present invention is not limited to these. That is,
For example, a shield excavator (or a so-called tunnel excavator) for excavating a complex ground including gravels and bedrock may be provided with resin cutting means, shearing means, and the like according to the present invention. Also, in a shield excavator equipped with a conveyor instead of a pump for drainage, an example of providing a shearing means near the entrance of the conveyor to prevent resin from clogging and entanglement in the conveyor is also considered. Can be

[0031]

The shield machine according to the first aspect has the following effects. 1) Since the resin such as the paper drain material buried underground is divided into small pieces, no clogging or entanglement occurs in the pump for mud discharge. Therefore, even when excavating a landfill site or the like, a situation in which excavation must be interrupted due to clogging of the embedding resin with a pump or the like can be avoided, and construction can be performed efficiently.

2) The embedded resin is cut smoothly by an efficient procedure in which the cutting resin is first cut to a length of several meters and then cut into smaller pieces by a shearing means. In addition, since the cutting means is provided on the rotary cutter disk, even if the number of the cutting means is small, it is possible to surely cut the resin in the excavation path, simplify the configuration, and suppress the cost. Further, since the shearing means has a plurality of shearing blades in the casing, it is possible to surely cut the resin into short pieces of about several tens cm or less.

According to the shield excavator of the second aspect, 3) Since the shearing means is provided in each of the two or more paths, even if some of the shearing means becomes inoperable, the shearing means is not connected to the other paths. Some other shearing means can be used to continue the sediment discharge. Therefore, even in such a case, excavation of the tunnel can proceed smoothly without interruption.

4) Since a valve is provided on the inlet side of the shearing means in each path, when a certain shearing means becomes inoperable, the shearing means can be maintained without interrupting excavation. Therefore, preparation for the next operation of the shearing means can be quickly prepared even during excavation of the tunnel.

According to the operation method of the third aspect, in addition to the above-described effects, 5) the shearing means is once driven reversely to perform normal rotation again, so that it is easy to temporarily release the shearing means. When the shearing means becomes inoperable due to a temporary biting or the like, the maintenance of the shearing means is not forced on the operator.

6) When the biting state cannot be released by a certain shearing means, switching to another shearing means of another path is performed to maintain the smooth functioning of the shearing means and the shield excavator in order to appropriately perform valve operation and the like. The above can be performed in the most preferable embodiment.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, and is a schematic diagram illustrating an outline of a shield machine 1 with a focus on a water supply and drainage system.

FIG. 2 is a detailed view showing a shearing machine 40 (shearing means) for buried resin provided in a drainage system of the shield machine 1;
(a) is a front view, (b) is a side view, (c) is a plan view,
(d) is a sectional view taken along line dd in (c), and (e) is
It is ee sectional drawing in (d).

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a device arrangement of the shield machine 1;
FIG. 3A is a view from the side of the excavator 1, and FIG.
3A shows the AA cross section in the left half, and FIG. 3A shows the BB cross section in the right half.

FIG. 4 is a shield machine 6 according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an arrangement of devices when viewed from a side.

FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a device arrangement on a rear bogie 70 attached to the shield machine, as a third embodiment of the present invention.
(a) is a side view, and (b) is a rear view.

6 shows a fourth embodiment of the invention, and is a schematic diagram showing an outline of a shield machine 81 as in FIG. 1. FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 1, 61, 81 Shield excavator 2, 62, 82 Cutter disk 10 Drainage pipe 11, 12, 51, 52 Path 13 Pump 30 Blade cutter (means for cutting embedded resin) 40 Shearer (means for shearing embedded resin) )

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────の Continuing on the front page (72) Inventor Takao Tanida 1-25-1, Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo Taisei Corporation

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A shield machine in which a rotary cutter disc for excavating a face is provided at the forefront, and earth and sand are discharged from the forefront through a mud pipe, wherein means for cutting embedded resin is provided on the cutter disc. And a shield excavator provided with a shearing means for burying resin having a plurality of shearing blades in a casing upstream of the pump in the exhaust pipe. 2. A plurality of parallel paths leading to a pump as a part of the drainage pipe are provided, and at least two of the paths are provided with the shearing means, and at least an inlet side of each shearing means is provided. The shield machine according to claim 1, further comprising a valve. 3. The method for operating a shield machine according to claim 2, wherein only a part of the two or more paths passes through the earth and sand, and only the shearing means on the path is operated. When the power supply becomes inoperable, it is necessary to drive the shearing means in the reverse direction to once again perform normal rotation.
When the shearing means is not operated yet, the shearing means in another path not passing through the earth and sand is driven, the inlet side valve is opened to allow the earth and sand to pass through the other path, and then the shearing means which has stopped operating A method for operating a shield machine, comprising closing an inlet valve of the machine.