JP2724546B2 - Greening artificial soil layer for ground - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an artificial soil layer for the purpose of greening sports facilities such as soccer fields and golf courses, green spaces, roof gardens and the like (hereinafter referred to as "greening artificial soil layer for grounds" in this specification). ).

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, natural soil such as sandy soil having good drainage and air permeability is used as a greening soil layer for the purpose of greening sports facilities such as soccer fields and golf courses, green spaces, roof gardens and the like. Have been. By the way, in the case of a green soil layer composed of natural soil such as sandy soil, the moisture in the soil layer becomes insufficient and high during summer high temperature drying, and the moisture in the soil layer becomes excessive during heavy rain, and Problems often arise in plant growth. In order to cope with this, in the case of the conventional green soil layer, it has been proposed to embed a perforated pipe in the green soil layer and to forcibly ventilate and supply / drain the water through the perforated pipe. .

[0003]

However, in the case of the conventional green soil layer, development and research are mainly being conducted on facilities for ventilation and water supply and drainage. In the case of cohesive soil with poor drainage, use soil with good drainage and air permeability, and mix soil improvement materials such as various water retention materials and fertilizer with sandy soil if necessary ( For example, the specification of sand green for soil formation by the American Golf Association also uses a water-retaining material such as peat moss mixed with sandy soil having a predetermined particle size distribution), and is hardly considered. For this reason, even if it is the same equipment, the effect greatly differs depending on the properties of the soil constituting the greening soil layer, and it is difficult to realize the most suitable state for growing plants. In order to maintain the composed soil in a state suitable for growing plants evenly, it is necessary to reduce the pitch of the perforated pipes buried in the green soil layer. There was a problem of becoming high.

[0004] The sandy soil mainly used for the soil constituting the conventional greening soil layer has the following problems. (1) In order for plants to grow well, good-quality soil having water retention and fertilizing properties is required without impairing air permeability and drainage. And soil improvement materials are required, which increases material costs and construction costs. (2) In order to maintain good-quality soil for growing plants well, it is necessary to frequently spray fertilizers and remove weeds, which increases maintenance costs. (3) Clogging due to the separation and movement of soil constituent materials and consolidation due to treading are likely to occur, resulting in poor ventilation and drainage. This tendency is particularly remarkable when an organic water-retaining material such as peat moss, temporon, or a highly water-absorbent resin (WAP) is mixed with the sandy soil as a soil improving material, or when a round particle-type sandy soil is used. It is.

According to the present invention, the soil constituting the greening soil layer can be easily maintained stably in a state suitable for growing plants, the facility construction cost and the maintenance cost are low, and
Conventionally, a plant cultivation soil layer mainly composed of coal ash that solves the problems of the sandy soil that has been mainly used for the soil constituting the greening soil layer and can grow plants well. It is intended to provide a greening artificial soil layer for a ground having.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems To achieve the above object, the artificial green soil layer for ground of the present invention has a particle size of 75%.
It has a plant cultivation soil layer mainly composed of coal ash composed of a single diameter coal ash in a range of ８850 μm, and is provided with a perforated pipe for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer. I do.

In order to achieve the same object, the artificial ground greening layer according to the present invention comprises coal ash having a particle size of 5 to 106 μm in an amount of 10 to 25% by weight, and 106 to 425 μm.
m of coal ash at 25-50 weight percent, 425-20
It has a plant cultivation soil layer mainly composed of coal ash containing 30 to 50% by weight of 00 μm coal ash, and is provided with perforated pipes for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer.

In this case, a filter drainage layer is formed below the plant cultivation soil layer, a perforated pipe for ventilation and water supply is buried in the plant cultivation soil layer, and a perforated pipe for drainage is buried in the filter drainage layer. It is desirable to do.

[0009]

[Operation] Coal ash, which is a main component of the plant cultivation soil layer of the greening artificial soil layer for the ground of the present invention, is a porous body having a large number of intraparticle communicating capillary pores and independent pores. A coal ash having a single diameter in a range of 75 to 850 μm, or a coal ash having a particle diameter of 5 to 106 μm in a range of 10 to 132 μm so that the average pore diameter between the particles is in a range of 12 to 132 μm. 25 weight percent, 106-425 μm
25-50 weight percent of coal ash, 425-200
By comprising coal ash containing 30 to 50% by weight of 0 μm coal ash (the coal ash is not subjected to any special treatment and simply adjusted in particle size), it has an appropriate air permeability and drainage property,
It has water retention, fertilizer retention, and heat insulation properties, and has an equality coefficient (a value obtained by dividing a particle diameter corresponding to a cumulative passing rate of 60% by a particle diameter corresponding to a cumulative passing rate of 10%). Larger than the uniformity coefficient obtained from the particle size distribution of sand green construction soil determined by the association, the particle shape is angular and rich in irregularities, and furthermore, it is difficult to physically and chemically collapse, Clogging due to separation and movement of the constituent materials of the soil, and consolidation due to treading are unlikely to occur, and the air permeability and drainage properties are not reduced. For this reason, it is easy to stably maintain the soil constituting the greening soil layer in a state suitable for growing plants, and the laying pitch of perforated pipes for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer has been increased compared to the past. By making it possible to set a large value, the construction cost and maintenance cost of the equipment can be reduced.

[0010]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an artificial soil layer for greening according to the present invention. Coal ash used for the plant cultivation soil layer of the greening artificial soil layer for the ground of the present invention,
This is industrial waste produced from thermal power plants and other business sites that have been conventionally disposed of, and as shown schematically in FIG. 1 (a), a large number of intra-particle communication capillaries within the particles of coal ash 1. The sandy soil 2 (non-porous material) which is composed of a porous material having pores 1b and independent pores 1c and which does not have such intraparticle communicating capillary pores and independent pores, is schematically shown in FIG. )
Has a different basic structure.

In general, regarding the function of soil for growing plants, as shown in FIG. 3, depending on the particle size of the constituent materials constituting the soil, its drainage, air permeability, water retention, fertilization, etc. Function changes. The function of the air permeability and the drainage property decreases as the particle size decreases, and the function improves as the particle size increases. Conversely, the smaller the particle size, the better the function of water retention and fertilization, and the smaller the particle size, the lower the function.

[0012] Among the soil functions such as breathability, drainage, water retention, and fertilization, regarding the permeability and drainage, gravity water (ineffective water) after rainfall or irrigation is produced from coal ash 1. Both the soil and the sandy soil 2 are discharged through the pores (non-capillary pores) 1a and 2a between the particles, and the air permeability is secured.

However, with regard to water retention and fertilization, in the case of coal ash 1, since the particles have the communicating capillary pores 1b connected to the outside in the particles, even after gravity water is removed, they remain as capillary water. While water (effective water) that can be absorbed by plant roots is stored, in the case of sandy soil 2, only a small amount of water is stored between particles and effective water is small and water retention is poor.

In order to increase water retention, sandy soil
When a water retention material such as peat moss is mixed and used, as shown in FIG. 2, the pores 2 a between the particles of the sandy soil 2 are closed by the water retention material 3, and the drainage and air permeability are impaired. is there. Also, when the particle size is extremely small, such as in cohesive soil,
The porosity of the soil is large and a large amount of soil water is present, but the pores are so fine that they bind strongly to the soil and the proportion of confined water that cannot be absorbed by plant roots is large, and the proportion of available water in the pores Not so much, and non-capillary pores are small and drainage is inferior, gravity water is not quickly removed, poor ventilation and plant growth is difficult, and plant roots are small due to small pore size between particles. It has the drawback that it cannot pass and penetrate, and its growth is hindered. In addition, in the fertile field soil, which has a large amount of organic matter and active activities of microorganisms and small animals, the soil structure suitable for plant growth is rich in drainage and aeration, water retention and fertilization, and fertilizer structure is developed. Agglomerated soil), but it requires long-term administration of high-quality organic matter and frequent tillage to produce the aggregated soil, and has the disadvantage that the aggregate structure is destroyed by treading pressure etc. I have.

On the other hand, the coal ash 1 contains the intra-particle communicating capillary pores 1b, the independent pores 1c, and the intra-particle communicating non-capillary pores 1
Not only a porous body having d, but also a large uniformity coefficient, the particle shape is angular and rich in irregularities, and the particles themselves have a strong structure, physically and chemically. Because it is hard to collapse, clogging due to separation and movement of soil constituent materials and hardening due to treading hardly occur, air permeability and drainage does not decrease, moderate ventilation and drainage, water retention and fertilization It has properties and heat insulation. FIG.
(A) is a schematic diagram of an aggregate of particles of each soil of clay, Masato, sand, and a porous body (coal ash);
Next, the actual pore configuration of each of the above soils is shown, and in FIG. 3 (c), various functions related to plant growth in each of the above soils are collectively described.

As described above, the pores between the particles and the communication pores within the particles due to the difference in the type of soil determine the quality of plant growth. It has been explained that it is an important factor that determines the function related to the growth of cultivation. Next, the relationship between the type of soil and the perforated pipes provided for ventilation and water supply and drainage of the soil is shown in FIG. This will be described with reference to FIG.

First, regarding the ventilation performance of the soil, as shown in FIG. 4, the porous soil (FIG. 4 (a)) has an intra-particle communicating non-capillary pore 1d, and the particle shape is angular and uneven. Is rich, and the particles themselves have a strong structure and are hard to physically or chemically disintegrate. Therefore, compared to the non-porous soil (FIG. 4B), the non-capillary pores The rate is high, therefore, the horizontal and vertical ventilation performance of the soil is good, compared with the case of non-porous soil,
In addition to setting a large pitch for laying perforated pipes that ventilate the soil, it is possible to set the burial depth of the perforated pipes deep, thereby preventing damage to the perforated pipes and Construction costs (equipment costs such as pumps,
Construction costs for laying perforated pipes, etc.) and maintenance costs (energy costs, maintenance and inspection costs, etc.) can be reduced.

Next, regarding the water supply performance of the soil, as shown in FIG. 5, the porous soil (FIG. 5 (a)) has the intracellular communicating capillary pores 1b, so that the non-porous soil ( As compared with FIG. 4 (b)), the capillary porosity is higher,
General watering (a-1, b-1), water supply from the upper part of the artificial soil layer (a-2, b-2), water supply from the lower part of the artificial soil layer (a-
3, b-3) In any case, the water supply performance in the horizontal and vertical directions of the soil is good, and in comparison with the case of the non-porous soil, the laying pitch of the perforated pipe for supplying the soil is reduced. In addition to being able to set large, the height of capillary rise is higher than that of non-porous soil, so it is necessary to set the burial depth of perforated pipe deeper compared to the case of non-porous soil. This makes it possible to prevent the perforated pipe from being damaged, and to construct the equipment (e.g., pump and other equipment costs, the cost of laying perforated pipes, etc.) and the maintenance costs (energy costs, maintenance, etc.). Inspection costs) can be reduced.

Incidentally, the porous material soil is formed by independent pores 1 in the particles.
Since it has c, compared with the non-porous soil, the heat insulation performance is good, and in comparison with the case of the non-porous soil,
It is possible to improve the thermal efficiency of cold air and cold water supplied from perforated pipes in summer and hot air and hot water supplied from perforated pipes in winter,
Thereby, the maintenance cost (energy cost) of the equipment can be reduced.

Next, the ground greening artificial soil layer of the present invention having a plant cultivation soil layer mainly composed of coal ash will be described based on the embodiment of FIG. This artificial greening layer for grounding has a plant cultivation soil layer 11 mainly composed of coal ash 1 and vegetation 10 such as turf, and a filter drainage layer made of crushed stone or the like below the plant cultivation soil layer 11. 12 is formed, and the surroundings of the plant cultivation soil layer 11 and the filter drainage layer 12 are surrounded by a blocking layer 13 made of a synthetic resin sheet or the like, so that movement of gas and moisture between the soil layer 14 and the surrounding ground 14 is prevented. I have.

A perforated pipe 15 for ventilating and supplying water to the plant cultivation soil layer 11 is buried near the bottom of the plant cultivation soil layer 11, and a perforated pipe 16 for draining is buried at the bottom of the filter drainage layer 12. . In addition, the perforated pipe 15 for ventilating and supplying water to the plant cultivation soil layer 11 is selectively ventilated and supplied to the plant cultivation soil layer 11 through the perforated pipe 15.
When performing ventilation, the control device 17 for humidifying the air supplied to the plant cultivation soil layer 11 to a saturated state is connected.

In this case, the air in the plant cultivation soil layer 11 is sucked from the perforated pipe 15 so as to ventilate the plant cultivation soil layer 11, and the perforated pipe 15 is connected to the plant cultivation soil layer 11. It can be divided into a perforated pipe for ventilation and a perforated pipe for water supply, or the perforated pipe 15 can be omitted, and the perforated pipe 16 can be used for ventilation and water supply of the plant cultivation soil layer 11. In addition, when ventilation and water supply of the plant cultivation soil layer 11 are performed by the perforated pipe 16, the water level at the time of water supply may be raised to the position of the plant cultivation soil layer 11, and in this state, the air is supplied from the perforated pipe 16 to the air. Is supplied, air humidified to a saturated state can be supplied to the plant cultivation soil layer 11 to perform ventilation.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a process of moving air and moisture in the artificial green soil layer for ground use. FIG.
In the case of the humidified state shown in (a), excess water is drained to the perforated pipe 16 embedded in the filter drainage layer 12 through the non-capillary pores of coal ash, and the plant cultivation soil layer 11
It is maintained in a state suitable for growing plants shown in (b). In the case of the dry state shown in FIG. 7 (c), the insufficient water is supplied from the perforated pipe 15, the supplied water is retained in the pores of the coal ash, and the plant cultivation soil layer 11 It is maintained in a state suitable for growing plants shown in b). In addition, air is supplied from the perforated pipe 15 into the plant cultivation soil layer 11,
By sucking air in the plant cultivation soil layer 11 and ventilating the plant cultivation soil layer 11, gases harmful to plant growth such as carbon dioxide in the plant cultivation soil layer 11 remove non-capillary pores of coal ash. As a result, the former is released from the ground surface in the former case, and the latter is released from the perforated pipe 15 in the latter case, so that the plant cultivation soil layer 11 is maintained in a state suitable for growing plants.

[0024]

According to the present invention, the particle size is 75 to 850 μm.
m in the range of 10 to 25 weight percent, 106 to 425 μm
m of coal ash at 25-50 weight percent, 425-20
By using a plant cultivation soil layer composed mainly of coal ash containing 30 to 50% by weight of 00 μm coal ash and a perforated pipe for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer, an artificial greening soil for ground is used. The plant cultivation soil constituting the layer can be stably and easily maintained in a state suitable for growing plants, and the pitch of the perforated pipes for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer is set to be larger than before. This makes it possible to reduce equipment construction costs and maintenance costs. In addition, the plant cultivation soil layer constituting the ground greening artificial soil layer of the present invention uses coal ash, which is industrial waste produced from thermal power plants and other business sites that have conventionally been disposed of, as a main component. In addition, it is possible to reduce material costs and construction costs, and it is extremely advantageous in terms of effective use of industrial waste. In addition, since coal ash is a porous body having communication pores in a large number of particles, by adjusting the particle size of the coal ash to be used, appropriate air permeability and drainage, water retention and fertilization, and heat insulation are provided. It is possible to provide a plant cultivation soil having a property and capable of favorably growing plants. In addition, coal ash has a large uniformity coefficient, has a sharp and irregular particle shape, and is hard to physically or chemically disintegrate. Also, consolidation due to treading is unlikely to occur, and there is no reduction in air permeability and drainage. And this plant cultivation soil does not require frequent application of fertilizers, and because coal ash is used as a constituent material, there is no weed seed mixture,
No need to remove weeds for a long period of time, the cost of maintaining the soil in a state where plants can grow well can be reduced, and the surface near the surface is kept dry because it is in a moderately coarse state At the same time, the ground temperature is stabilized by the heat insulating effect, whereby the growth of plants can be promoted and the occurrence of diseases can be suppressed. For this reason, the use of pesticides can be reduced, the use of fertilizers can be reduced, and the burden on the surrounding environment is also reduced. It will help to improve.

In addition, by burying a perforated pipe for ventilation and water supply in the plant cultivation soil layer and burying a perforated pipe for drainage in the filter drainage layer, the ventilation and water supply and drainage of the plant cultivation soil layer can be satisfactorily performed. be able to.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing (a) coal ash (porous body) and (b) sandy soil (non-porous body).

Fig. 2 Sandy soil (non-porous material) mixed with water retention material
FIG.

FIG. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of an aggregate of particles of various soils,
It is a figure which shows the pore structure of (b) various soils, and (c) the various functions relevant to the plant growth of various soils.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing ventilation performance of soil.

FIG. 5 is a view showing water supply performance of soil.

FIG. 6 is a view showing an embodiment of a greening artificial soil layer for a ground according to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a process of moving air and moisture in the artificial green soil layer for grounding according to the present invention.

[Explanation of Symbols] 1 Coal ash (schematic diagram of porous body) 1a Pores between particles (non-capillary pores) 1b Communicating capillary pores in particles 1c Independent pores in particles 1d Communicating non-capillary pores in particles 2 Sandy Soil (schematic diagram of non-porous material) 2a Pores between particles (non-capillary pores) 10 Vegetation 11 Plant growing soil layer 12 Filter drainage layer 13 Blocking layer 14 Surrounding ground 15 Perforated pipe 16 Perforated pipe

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code Agency reference number FI Technical display location A01G 25/06 602 A01G 25/06 602 E02B 11/00 E02B 11/00 Z

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A perforated plant cultivation soil layer mainly composed of coal ash composed of a single diameter coal ash having a particle size in the range of 75 to 850 μm, for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer. A greening artificial soil layer for the ground, which is provided with pipes. 2. Coal ash having a particle size of 5 to 106 μm is
25 weight percent, 106-425 μm coal ash
It has a plant cultivation soil layer mainly composed of coal ash containing 5 to 50% by weight and 30 to 50% by weight of 425 to 2000 μm coal ash, and has a perforated pipe for ventilating and supplying / draining the plant cultivation soil layer. A greening artificial soil layer for the ground, which was established. 3. A filter drainage layer is formed below the plant cultivation soil layer, a perforated pipe for ventilation and water supply is buried in the plant cultivation soil layer, and a perforated pipe for drainage is buried in the filter drainage layer. The artificial green soil layer for ground according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: