JP2704405B2 - Dry toner - Google Patents

Dry toner

Info

Publication number
JP2704405B2
JP2704405B2 JP62005007A JP500787A JP2704405B2 JP 2704405 B2 JP2704405 B2 JP 2704405B2 JP 62005007 A JP62005007 A JP 62005007A JP 500787 A JP500787 A JP 500787A JP 2704405 B2 JP2704405 B2 JP 2704405B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
toner
binder
vinyl
fixing
molecular weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
JP62005007A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPS63174062A (en
Inventor
保雄 松村
孝義 青木
正之 武田
千秋 鈴木
育太郎 長束
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujifilm Business Innovation Corp
Original Assignee
Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fuji Xerox Co Ltd filed Critical Fuji Xerox Co Ltd
Priority to JP62005007A priority Critical patent/JP2704405B2/en
Publication of JPS63174062A publication Critical patent/JPS63174062A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP2704405B2 publication Critical patent/JP2704405B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08766Polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08764Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G03PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03GELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00Developers
    • G03G9/08Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/087Binders for toner particles
    • G03G9/08742Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • G03G9/08768Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 〔産業上の利用分野〕 本発明は、電子写真法、静電記録法等において現像に
用いられる静電荷現像用トナー、更に詳しく言えば熱ロ
ール定着用の乾式トナーに関する。 〔従来の技術〕 電子写真法では感光体上に形成された静電潜像を通常
顔料を含む樹脂粉で現像し、得られた可視画像を転写紙
上に転写して、熱、圧力及びその併用などにより定着す
るが、この定着工程を高速かつ高効率に行なうことが近
年要求され、これらの点から熱ロール定着法が多く採用
されている。 熱ロール定着法において、低消費電力で高速定着を行
なうためにはトナーの結着材料の軟化点を下げ、溶融粘
度を低下せしめることが、有効な手段であるが、通常ト
ナーの主結着材料として用いられているバインダーポリ
マー(結着樹脂)では、軟化点を下げるとトナー保管時
にケーキングによる流動性の低下が生じやすく、また溶
融粘度を下げるとオフセツト現象などにより、画像の汚
れが発生しやすくなる。 このため、熱ロールにシリコンオイルなどの離型剤を
供給する装置を設け、オフセツトを防止したり、また主
バインダーポリマーのガラス転移点を高くしたり、又は
シリカなどの無機の超微粉をトナー表面への外添剤とし
て用いて保管時のケーキングを防ぐ方法が従来提案され
ている。 〔発明が解決しようとする問題点〕 しかし、熱ロールにシリコンオイルを供給するには、
供給機構を必要とするため、装置のコストアツプが必至
であり、またオイル補給のメンテナンスも必要となる。 また主バインダーポリマーのガラス転移点を、高く設
定すると、軟化温度が高くなるために低温定着が困難と
なりやすい。 従つて、本発明の目的は高速で効率よく定着を行なう
ことのできる乾式トナーを提供することにある。 さらに本発明の他の目的は、貯蔵時にケーキングを生
じにくい乾式トナーを提供することにある。 〔問題点を解決するための手段及び作用〕 本発明の目的は、分子内に−(NHCO)−なる原子団を
含み、かつ数平均分子量が1000以下の高分子材料を結着
剤中に5乃至100重量%含有してなることを特徴とする
熱ロール定着用乾式トナーにより達成することができ
る。 トナーの結着材料としては、従来高分子量の樹脂が用
いられ、混練法などにより、樹脂中にカーボンブラツク
のような顔料及び帯電制御剤などを混合し、微粉砕して
トナーとしているが、この場合、結着樹脂は顔料等の要
素材料を保持固定化するとともに、定着に際しては熱及
び圧力またはその併用により、トナーが軟化し、紙表面
の凹凸に沿つて付着する機能を付与している。 トナー軟化後の溶融粘度は低いほど低温で定着可能と
するが、通常の高分子材料においては、溶融粘度は分子
量に依存し、分子量を低下させると結着樹脂としての顔
料の保持性、定着像強度、さらには保管時の耐ケーキン
グ性も悪化しやすい。 しかしながら、NHCOなる原子団のように凝集エネ
ルギーの大きな極性基を持つ高分子をバインダーとして
用いる場合には、従来の高分子材料に比較して、トナー
結着剤としての働きをする分子量の下限域が格段に低下
し、数平均分子量が1000以下の低分子量域を有する高分
子材料を用いると、溶融粘度が著しく低くなり、低温定
着が可能となる。 このようなNHCO基を有し、低分子量でありながら
常温で堅固な固体状態となる物質としては、分子内にア
ミド結合、ウレタン結合、ウレア結合、チオウレタン結
合、カルバミン酸カルボン酸無水物等の原子団を有する
ものがあり、例えば以下の如き原子団が挙げられる。 NHCO、NHCOO−、NHCONH−、 NHCOS−、NHCOOO−、NHCOON、 NHCONHNHCONH、NHCONHCO、 NHCOCHCOOR′)、NHCONHSO2R、 NHCOCHCOCH2COOR′、NHCONHR−SO3Na、 NHCOSO3Na、NHCOCl。 〔式中、R及びR′はアルキル基またはアリール基であ
る。〕 また、本発明の乾式トナーにおいては、従来のトナー
に用いられているバインダー樹脂を副結着剤樹脂として
併用することもできる。 副結着剤樹脂としては、例えばスチレン、パラクロル
スチレンなどのスチレン類、ビニルナフタレン、例えば
塩化ビニル、臭化ビニル、フツ化ビニル、酢酸ビニル、
プロピオン酸ビニル、ベンゾエ酸ビニル、酪酸ビニルな
どのビニルエステル類、例えばアクリル酸メチル、アク
リル酸エチル、アクリル酸n−ブチル、アクリル酸イソ
ブチル、アクリル酸ドデシル、アクリル酸n−オクチ
ル、アクリル酸2−クロルエチル、アクリル酸フエニ
ル、α−クロルアクリル酸メチル、メタクリル酸メチ
ル、メタクリル酸エチル、メタクリル酸ブチルなどのメ
チレン脂肪酸カルボン酸エステル類、アクリロニトリ
ル、メタクリロニトリル、アクリルアミド、例えばビニ
ルメチルエーテル、ビニルイソブチルエーテル、ビニル
エチルエーテルなどのビニルエーテル類、、例えばビニ
ルメチルケトン、ビニルキシルケトンなどのビニルケト
ン類、例えばN−ビニルピロール、N−ビニルカルバゾ
ール、N−ビニルインドール、N−ビニルピロリドンな
どのN−ビニル化合物などのビニル系モノマーの単独重
合体及び共重合体及び/又は各種ポリエステル樹脂な
ど、さらにはカルナバワツクス、モンタンワツクス、パ
ラフインワツクス、モンタン酸エステルワツクス類の各
種ワツクスとも組合せて使用可能である。 主結着剤としてのNHCO原子団を有する化合物と副
結着剤との使用割合は、前者が5〜100重量%(副結着
剤0〜95重量%)である。 本発明の乾式トナーにおいては、前記の結着剤のほか
に離型剤としてポリエチレンワックス、ポリプロピレン
ワックスなどの併用もでき、また、着色剤としては通常
のカーボンブラツクの他、種類の顔料、更には磁性体を
添加することもできる。 〔実施例〕 実施例 1 アニソール中でノナメチレンビスエチレンウレタンに
対し、過剰のアジピン酸を加え、60℃で加熱還流した
後、冷却してポリマーを得、さらに、これをエタノール
洗浄した後、蒸気浸透圧法により、分子量測定を行なつ
たところ数平均分子量で950であつた(これをバインダ
ーAとする)。 さらに、同条件で、ややアジピン酸量を減らして重合
したものは数平均分子量1200となつた(これをバインダ
ーBとする。)。 バインダーA,Bに対し、カーボンブラツク(キヤボツ
ト社製BPL)10重量%。ポリプロピレンワツクス(三洋
化成社製660P)15重量%をそれぞれ加え、混練粉砕し
て、粒径約10μmのトナーとした(それぞれ、トナーA
及びBとする。)。 これらのトナーをフツ素系樹脂コートキヤリアと混合
し、FX3500(富士ゼロツクス社製)改造機により、定着
試験を行なつた。 A,Bトナーの140℃における定着度をウエス摺擦により
比較したところトナーAはトナーBに比較して、文字の
かすれが格段に少なかつた。 実施例 2 クロルベンゼン中でブタンジオールに対し、過少量の
−NCOモルとなるようヘキサメチレンジイソジアネート
を加え、かくはん下で加熱還流して反応を終了した。冷
却後析出したポリウレタン樹脂を過分離して、さらに
DMFに溶解してメタノール中に投じ、再沈精製した(こ
れをバインダーCとする。)。反応後の冷却母液からも
メタノールを使つての再沈精製により、ポリウレタン樹
脂残分を分離した(これをバインダーDとする。)。蒸
気浸透圧法による分子量は、Cが1760、Dが900であつ
た。 バインダーC,Dに対し、カーボンブラツク(キヤボツ
ト社製BPL)10重量%、ポリプロピレンワツクス(三洋
化成社製660P)15重量%となるように混合し、混練、粉
砕により、粒径約12μmのトナーとした(それぞれトナ
ーC及びDとする。)。 これらトナーについて実施例1と同様に定着試験を実
施したところ、150℃における定着度は、Dトナーが格
段に秀れていた。 〔発明の効果〕 本発明の熱ロール定着用乾式トナーは、−(NHCO)−
なる原子団を有する、常温で硬度の高い低分子量の高分
子材料(数平均分子量1000以下)を結着樹脂中に5乃至
100重量%含有してなるものであり、高速で効率よく定
着を行なうことができ、貯蔵時にはケーキングを生じに
くいという特長を有する。
Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrostatic charge developing toner used for development in electrophotography, electrostatic recording, and the like, and more particularly, to a dry toner for fixing a hot roll. . [Prior art] In electrophotography, an electrostatic latent image formed on a photoreceptor is usually developed with a resin powder containing a pigment, and the obtained visible image is transferred onto transfer paper, and heat, pressure and a combination thereof are used. For example, it is required to perform this fixing step at high speed and with high efficiency, and in view of these points, the hot roll fixing method is often used. In the hot roll fixing method, it is effective to lower the softening point of the binder material of the toner and lower the melt viscosity in order to perform high-speed fixing with low power consumption. With the binder polymer (binder resin) used as a binder, lowering the softening point tends to cause a decrease in fluidity due to caking during toner storage, and lowering the melt viscosity tends to cause image stains due to the offset phenomenon. Become. For this reason, a device for supplying a release agent such as silicone oil to the heat roll is provided to prevent offset, increase the glass transition point of the main binder polymer, or apply inorganic ultrafine powder such as silica to the toner surface. Conventionally, there has been proposed a method for preventing caking at the time of storage by using it as an external additive to a product. [Problems to be solved by the invention] However, in order to supply silicone oil to the hot roll,
Since a supply mechanism is required, the cost of the apparatus is inevitably increased, and maintenance of oil supply is also required. When the glass transition point of the main binder polymer is set high, the softening temperature becomes high, so that low-temperature fixing tends to be difficult. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a dry toner capable of performing high-speed and efficient fixing. It is still another object of the present invention to provide a dry toner that hardly causes caking during storage. [Means and Actions for Solving the Problems] It is an object of the present invention to provide a polymer containing an atomic group of-(NHCO)-and having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or less in a binder. To 100% by weight, and can be achieved by a dry toner for fixing with a hot roll. Conventionally, a high molecular weight resin is used as a binder material of the toner, and a pigment such as a carbon black and a charge control agent are mixed into the resin by a kneading method or the like, and finely pulverized into a toner. In this case, the binder resin holds and fixes the element materials such as pigments, and at the time of fixing, imparts a function of softening the toner by heat and pressure or a combination thereof and attaching the toner along irregularities on the paper surface. The lower the melt viscosity after softening the toner, the lower the temperature at which the toner can be fixed.However, in the case of ordinary polymer materials, the melt viscosity depends on the molecular weight. The strength and also the caking resistance during storage are likely to deteriorate. However, when a polymer having a polar group having a large cohesive energy such as an atomic group called NHCO is used as a binder, the lower limit of the molecular weight that functions as a toner binder is lower than that of a conventional polymer material. When a high molecular weight material having a low molecular weight region having a number average molecular weight of 1000 or less is used, the melt viscosity becomes extremely low and low-temperature fixing becomes possible. Substances having such an NHCO group and having a solid state at room temperature while having a low molecular weight include amide bonds, urethane bonds, urea bonds, thiourethane bonds, carbamic acid carboxylic anhydrides and the like in the molecule. Some have atomic groups, for example, the following atomic groups. NHCO, NHCOO-, NHCONH-, NHCOS-, NHCOOO-, NHCOON, NHCONHNHCONH, NHCONHCO, NHCOCHCOOR ') 2, NHCONHSO 2 R, NHCOCHCOCH 2 COOR', NHCONHR-SO 3 Na, NHCOSO 3 Na, NHCOCl. Wherein R and R ′ are an alkyl group or an aryl group. Further, in the dry toner of the present invention, a binder resin used in a conventional toner can be used in combination as a secondary binder resin. As the secondary binder resin, for example, styrene, styrenes such as parachlorostyrene, vinyl naphthalene, for example, vinyl chloride, vinyl bromide, vinyl fluoride, vinyl acetate,
Vinyl esters such as vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate and vinyl butyrate, for example, methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, dodecyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, 2-chloroethyl acrylate Methylene fatty acid carboxylic esters such as phenyl acrylate, α-methyl methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, for example, vinyl methyl ether, vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl Vinyl ethers such as ethyl ether, for example, vinyl ketones such as vinyl methyl ketone and vinyl xyl ketone, for example, N-vinyl pyrrole, N-vinyl carbazole, N-vinyl indole , Homopolymers and copolymers of vinyl monomers such as N-vinyl compounds such as N-vinylpyrrolidone and / or various polyester resins, and also carnauba waxes, montan waxes, paraffin waxes, montanic acid ester waxes It can be used in combination with various waxes such as tucks. The usage ratio of the compound having an NHCO atomic group as the main binder and the sub-binder is 5 to 100% by weight (0 to 95% by weight of the sub-binder) for the former. In the dry toner of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned binder, a release agent such as polyethylene wax and polypropylene wax can be used in combination, and as a coloring agent, other than ordinary carbon black, other types of pigments, A magnetic substance can be added. EXAMPLES Example 1 An excess of adipic acid was added to nonamethylene bisethylene urethane in anisole, heated to reflux at 60 ° C., cooled, and a polymer was obtained. When the molecular weight was measured by the osmotic pressure method, the number average molecular weight was 950 (this is referred to as Binder A). Further, a polymer obtained by polymerization under the same conditions with a slightly reduced amount of adipic acid had a number average molecular weight of 1200 (this is referred to as a binder B). 10% by weight of carbon black (BPL manufactured by Cabot Corporation) based on binders A and B. 15% by weight of polypropylene wax (660P manufactured by Sanyo Kasei Co., Ltd.) was added to each, kneaded and pulverized to obtain a toner having a particle size of about 10 μm (each of toner A
And B. ). These toners were mixed with a fluorine-based resin-coated carrier, and a fixing test was performed using a modified FX3500 (manufactured by Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.). When the degree of fixation of the A and B toners at 140 ° C. was compared by rubbing with waste cloth, the toner A was much less blurred than the toner B. Example 2 In methylene chloride, hexamethylene diisodianate was added to butanediol so as to have a small amount of -NCO mole, and the mixture was heated under reflux with stirring to complete the reaction. After cooling, the precipitated polyurethane resin is over-separated,
It was dissolved in DMF and thrown into methanol for reprecipitation purification (this is referred to as binder C). The polyurethane resin residue was separated from the cooled mother liquor after the reaction by reprecipitation purification using methanol (this is referred to as binder D). The molecular weight determined by the vapor osmotic pressure method was 1760 for C and 900 for D. Binder C, D, carbon black (BPL made by Cabot Corporation) 10% by weight, polypropylene wax (660P made by Sanyo Chemical Co., Ltd.) 15% by weight was mixed, kneaded and pulverized, toner of about 12μm particle size (Toners C and D, respectively). When a fixing test was performed on these toners in the same manner as in Example 1, the fixing degree at 150 ° C. was remarkably superior to that of the D toner. [Effects of the Invention] The dry toner for fixing a hot roll of the present invention is-(NHCO)-
A low-molecular-weight polymer material (number-average molecular weight of 1000 or less) having high hardness at room temperature having an atomic group of 5 to 5 in a binder resin
It contains 100% by weight and has the characteristics that fixing can be carried out efficiently at high speed and that caking hardly occurs during storage.

───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 武田 正之 南足柄市竹松1600番地 富士ゼロックス 株式会社竹松事業所内 (72)発明者 鈴木 千秋 南足柄市竹松1600番地 富士ゼロックス 株式会社竹松事業所内 (72)発明者 長束 育太郎 南足柄市竹松1600番地 富士ゼロックス 株式会社竹松事業所内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭63−58354(JP,A) 特開 昭63−66564(JP,A) 特開 昭51−118436(JP,A) 特開 昭55−6343(JP,A) 特開 昭56−6243(JP,A) 特開 昭57−198466(JP,A) 特開 昭58−85442(JP,A) 特開 昭58−86557(JP,A) 特開 昭58−95750(JP,A) 特開 昭60−21054(JP,A) 特開 昭60−168701(JP,A) 特開 昭61−172154(JP,A)   ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of front page    (72) Inventor Masayuki Takeda               1600 Takematsu, Minamiashigara Fuji Xerox               Takematsu Office Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Chiaki Suzuki               1600 Takematsu, Minamiashigara Fuji Xerox               Takematsu Office Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor Ikutaro Nagatsuka               1600 Takematsu, Minamiashigara Fuji Xerox               Takematsu Office Co., Ltd.                (56) References JP-A-63-58354 (JP, A)                 JP-A-63-66564 (JP, A)                 JP-A-51-118436 (JP, A)                 JP-A-55-6343 (JP, A)                 JP-A-56-6243 (JP, A)                 JP-A-57-198466 (JP, A)                 JP-A-58-85442 (JP, A)                 JP-A-58-86557 (JP, A)                 JP-A-58-95750 (JP, A)                 JP-A-60-21054 (JP, A)                 JP-A-60-168701 (JP, A)                 JP-A-61-172154 (JP, A)

Claims (1)

(57)【特許請求の範囲】 1.分子内に−(NHCO)−なる原子団を含み、かつ数平
均分子量が1000以下の高分子材料を結着剤中に5乃至10
0重量%含有してなることを特徴とする熱ロール定着用
乾式トナー。
(57) [Claims] A polymer material containing an atomic group of-(NHCO)-in the molecule and having a number average molecular weight of 1,000 or less in the binder is 5 to 10%.
A dry toner for fixing with a hot roll, comprising 0% by weight.
JP62005007A 1987-01-14 1987-01-14 Dry toner Expired - Lifetime JP2704405B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62005007A JP2704405B2 (en) 1987-01-14 1987-01-14 Dry toner

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP62005007A JP2704405B2 (en) 1987-01-14 1987-01-14 Dry toner

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63174062A JPS63174062A (en) 1988-07-18
JP2704405B2 true JP2704405B2 (en) 1998-01-26

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Family Applications (1)

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Country Link
JP (1) JP2704405B2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6280027B1 (en) * 1999-07-30 2001-08-28 Eastman Kodak Company Ink jet printing process
US6503679B2 (en) 2000-08-08 2003-01-07 Minolta Co., Ltd. Color toner for developing an electrostatic image

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS51118436A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-10-18 Ricoh Co Ltd Pressure-fixing toner powder
JPS556343A (en) * 1978-06-28 1980-01-17 Toshiba Corp Pressure fixing toner
JPS566243A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-22 Hitachi Metals Ltd Magneticf toner
JPS57198466A (en) * 1981-05-30 1982-12-06 Bando Chem Ind Ltd Electrophotographic toner for fixing by high frequency heating
JPS5885442A (en) * 1981-11-16 1983-05-21 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd Powdery developer
JPS5886557A (en) * 1981-11-18 1983-05-24 Ricoh Co Ltd Pressure fixable toner
JPS5895750A (en) * 1981-12-02 1983-06-07 Hitachi Metals Ltd Pressure fixing type magnetic toner
JPS6021054A (en) * 1983-07-15 1985-02-02 Hitachi Metals Ltd Pressure fixable magnetic toner
JPS60168701A (en) * 1984-02-10 1985-09-02 Hitachi Chem Co Ltd Production of resin composition
JPS61172154A (en) * 1985-01-25 1986-08-02 Minolta Camera Co Ltd Toner for developing electrostatic latent image
JPS6358354A (en) * 1986-08-29 1988-03-14 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd Powdery toner
JPS6366564A (en) * 1986-09-09 1988-03-25 Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd Powdery toner

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