JP2702560B2 - Retractable roof structure - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an openable and closable roof structure suitable for use in large-scale facilities such as a baseball field and an athletic field.

"Conventional technology and its problems" Large-scale sports facilities such as baseball stadiums and athletic fields have generally not had roofs, but in recent years, facilities that can be used without being affected by the weather have been desired. Rarely, for example, a roof having an air film structure in which a glass material made of a resin coated mainly with a tetrafluoroethylene resin (so-called Teflon resin) is used as a roof material and inflated by air pressure. There are proposed various types of openable and closable roof structures in which a rigid roof can be opened and closed as needed.

By the way, in the above-mentioned facilities, not only athletic competitions, but also various events such as concerts and various events are held, and accordingly, the brightness and acoustic characteristics of the facilities according to the events to be held. It is desirable to be able to adjust the environmental conditions such as the optimal conditions.However, any facility with a roof with an air film structure or a facility with an openable roof that has been proposed up to now, Is not something you can do.

For example, in the case of a roof with an air film structure, the film material used as the roof material is sufficiently thin and has translucency. Although there is an advantage that natural light can be sufficiently collected, even if it is necessary to block natural light, such an operation is not possible, and it is impossible to darken the facility in the daytime. Therefore, there is a problem in that it is not possible to hold an event in which the interior of the facility needs to be darkened, for example, an event such as a concert where the lighting effect is regarded as important, in the daytime.

In the openable roof structure proposed so far, when a membrane material is used as the roof material, the situation is the same as the roof of the air film structure, and a metal plate having a light shielding property is used as the roof material. In the case of using, etc., it is possible to darken the inside of the facility even during daytime by closing the roof, but on the other hand, we want to capture some natural light even if the roof is closed like when playing baseball during the daytime in rainy weather However, in such a case, there is a problem that the artificial lighting must be totally resorted to even in the daytime.

Furthermore, in any case, the acoustic characteristics in the facility such as the reverberation time are almost determined by the roofing material and the ceiling material. Therefore, the acoustic characteristics are adjusted to an optimum state according to the event to be held. It is impossible.

As described above, with the conventional air film structure and the structure of the openable roof, it is not possible to freely and optimally adjust the environmental conditions in the facility according to the event to be held, and as a result, There is a drawback that the use of this facility is limited.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can be opened and closed as necessary and is not affected by the weather, as well as the brightness and acoustic characteristics of the facility depending on the event to be held It is an object of the present invention to provide a roof structure capable of adjusting the environmental conditions of the roof.

"Means for Solving the Problems" In order to achieve the above object, the openable roof structure of the present invention has a substantially circular or oblong outer shape in plan view,
And while being parallel or inclined with respect to the horizontal plane in a side view, an annular fixed roof provided with a substantially circular or oval or polygonal opening centered on a portion separated from the center on the upper surface, Each of the halves has a half-dome shape, and is rotatably provided at one end of edges that are in contact with each other at the upper portion of the fixed roof to open and close the opening.
A pair of movable roofs, and of the two pairs of movable roofs, one of the pair of movable roofs has both a planar dimension and a height dimension larger than that of the other pair of movable roofs. And the other pair of movable roofs can be covered, and the opening can be double or single closed by both or one of the two pairs of movable roofs.

The fixed roof has a substantially flat upper surface, a dimension in the height direction is gradually reduced from the outer peripheral edge to the inner peripheral edge, and has a plurality of reinforcing rings along the peripheral direction. It is desirable to use a space truss.

It is conceivable that the roof material of one pair of movable roofs of the two pairs of movable roofs is formed of a light-transmitting material, and the roof material of the other pair of movable roofs is formed of a light-shielding material. It is conceivable that at least one of the two pairs of movable roofs is provided with acoustic adjustment means for adjusting acoustic characteristics in the facility.

[Operation] In the openable roof structure of the present invention, the roof materials of the two pairs of movable roofs are different from each other, and various facilities provided for them are different from each other. Keep the functions different from each other,
By selectively using one of the movable roofs to close the opening in accordance with the weather or an event to be held in the facility, environmental conditions such as brightness and acoustic conditions in the facility are changed.

If necessary, one pair of movable roofs covers the other pair of movable roofs, so that the opening is double-closed by both pairs of movable roofs.

An embodiment of the openable roof structure of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10.

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a baseball stadium provided with a roof having the structure of the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a vertical sectional view, FIG. 3 is a side view, FIG. 4 is a front view, and FIG. is there.

In these figures, reference numeral 1 denotes a column which is erected at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction so as to form a circle as a whole, and 2 denotes an outer wall. A ground (arena) 3 is provided inside the outer wall 2. A stand 4 for accommodating a spectator is provided around the ground 3.

Reference numeral 5 denotes an annular fixed roof that is provided so as to cover the entire area above the stand 4 and that is located above the ground 3 and has an opening 6. The fixed roof 5 has an upper surface inclined at an inclination angle of 6 ° with respect to a horizontal plane, and the inclination direction is set so that the height from the ground 4 gradually decreases from the home base side to the outfield stand side. Have been. In this way, by tilting the fixed roof 5, the outer wall on the outfield side is held low, and the sky line when the dome is opened is lowered. The fixed roof 5 may be provided in parallel with a horizontal plane depending on the facility where the fixed roof 5 is provided.
The opening 6 is formed in a substantially circular shape centered on a portion whose center is separated from the center of the fixed roof 5 toward the outfield stand, and has a ground extending from the home base to the outfield stand. 4 is set to have a diameter that allows the upper part to be opened.

Further, the fixed roof 5 is formed by attaching a light-shielding roof material 8 such as a metal plate or a concrete slab to an upper surface of a three-dimensional truss 7 provided by supporting an outer peripheral edge portion of the pillar 1. It was done.

2 and FIGS. 6 to 9
As schematically shown in the figure, a column material 10, an upper chord material 11, a lower limit material 12, and a lattice material 13 each made of a steel frame material (steel pipe or the like) are assembled. The lower ends are supported by rollers on the upper ends of the columns 1 so that the columns 1 are supported in a cantilever manner.

The space truss 7 is formed so that its height dimension is gradually reduced from the outer periphery to the inner periphery, and a plurality of reinforcing rings along the circumferential direction of the space truss 7 are provided on the upper surface and the lower surface thereof. 14,15 are provided respectively. Of these reinforcing rings 14, 15,
The reinforcing ring 14 located on the upper surface mainly bears a compressive force, and the reinforcing ring 15 located on the lower surface mainly bears a tensile force.
These reinforcing rings 14 and 15 can effectively transmit the load in the circumferential direction by the so-called ring effect, and since the height dimension is reduced from the outer peripheral edge to the inner peripheral edge, the upper surface is Even if it is flat, sufficient structural strength can be obtained by itself, and it is not necessary to form an upper part like this conventional general three-dimensional truss, that is, it is not necessary to make it a dome shape. There is no need to introduce prestress.

In addition, since the lower end of the column member 10 of the space truss 7 is roller-supported on the head of the column 1, the temperature stress of the entire frame is effectively absorbed.

Further, various equipment such as lighting equipment, loudspeakers, disaster prevention-related equipment, ducts for cooling and heating, ventilation outlets, suction ports, and the like can be attached to the space truss 7 as necessary. Of course, as shown in FIG. 2, it is possible to incorporate the spectator seat 18 at a position overlooking the ground 3.

The upper surface of the fixed roof 5 described above is formed in a half dome shape, and the upper portion of the fixed roof 5 is rotated about one end of the edges that abut against each other to open and close the opening 6. Two pairs of movable roofs 20a, 20b, 2
1a and 21b are provided.

That is, each of the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b is formed by a space truss, and one pair of movable roofs 20a, 20b has a flat surface compared to the other pair of movable roofs 21a, 21b. Both the size and the height are slightly increased, so that the movable roofs 21a and 21b can be arranged inside the movable roofs 20a and 20b.

On the upper surface of the fixed roof 5, movable roofs 20a, 20b
Different from the radius of the arc-shaped rails 22a ... to each other to the center point O ₁ abuts one end of the plan view straight edge portion (one end portion of the home stand side) each other, the mutually abutting movable roof 21a, 21b multiple laid at predetermined intervals in a plan view linear another different radius and center point O ₂ to the one end portion of the edge of the arc-shaped rail 22b ... (rail 22b shows only one in FIG. 1) Toga径direction Have been. The rails 22a and 22b are symmetrical with respect to a straight line Y connecting the center points O ₁ and O ₂ and the center O ₃ of the opening 6 and have the largest radius.
The other rails 22a and 22b are arranged to extend from the edge of the opening 6 toward the outer edge of the fixed roof 5 so that a connects the outer edge of the fixed roof 5 above the outfield stand. .

On the other hand, wheels 23a and 23b rolling on the rails 22a and 22b, respectively (wheels 23b are movable roofs 2a and 2b) are provided on the lower surfaces of the outer peripheral edges of the movable roofs 20a and 20b and 21a and 21b, respectively.
(Only one is shown for each of 1a and 21b) at predetermined intervals along the circumferential direction. And these movable roof 20a, 20b and 21a, 21b includes an electric or hydraulic with driven drive unit (not shown) on the rail 22a and 22b via the wheels 23a and 23b along which the central point O ₁
And O ₂ as a fulcrum, whereby the opening 6
Is opened and closed. In addition, movable roof 20a, 20b
And 21a, 21b are dimensioned to be open to about 90% of the field of the baseball stadium when open and to fit within the fixed roof 5 in a planar manner.

Most of the two pairs of movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b are normally located above the fixed roof 5, as shown in FIG. (About 90% of the baseball field is open)
If necessary, the opening 6 can be closed by any one of the two pairs of movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, and the opening 6 is further closed by the movable roofs 21a, 21b. The upper part can be covered with movable roofs 20a, 20b, that is, the opening 6 is formed by the movable roofs 20a, 20b.
b, 21a and 21b allow double closing.

Among the two pairs of movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, and 21b, the roofing material 24 of the pair of movable roofs 20a and 20b has a light-shielding property such as a metal plate as in the case of the fixed roof 5. Although used, the roof material 25 of the other pair of movable roofs 21a and 21b has a light-shielding property such as a film material, for example, a glass fiber fabric coated with a resin mainly composed of tetrafluoroethylene resin. Is used.

The opening 6 is formed by the pair of movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b.
When the door is closed, the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b are brought into contact with each other and engaged with each other, and a packing 28 made of an elastic material such as rubber is interposed as shown in FIG. The airtight and the airtight are maintained by this. In addition, it is also possible to attach the above-mentioned equipments to the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b as necessary similarly to the fixed roof 5.

In this facility equipped with a roof having the above structure, a baseball game or the like can be played outdoors by opening the opening 6 in fine weather, and two pairs of movable roofs 20a can be used in rainy weather or as necessary. , 20b, 21a, 21b, the facility can be used at all times without being affected by the weather, and the facility is held at the facility when closing the facility. 2 movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 2
By selecting one of 1b, the brightness in the facility can be changed.

That is, for example, when a concert or the like is held in the daytime, if the opening 6 is closed by the movable roofs 20a and 20b using the light-shielding roof material 24, natural light can be blocked and the facility can be darkened. Therefore, a sufficient lighting effect can be obtained. Also, when performing athletic sports such as baseball during rainy weather, movable roofs 21a, 21b using translucent roofing material 25 are used.
Therefore, if the opening 6 is closed, natural light can be sufficiently collected, and therefore, it is sufficient to use the minimum necessary artificial lighting.

As described above, in a facility having a roof having the above structure, it is possible to select whether or not to use natural light in the facility according to an event to be held. The event can be freely held. Moreover, in order to further enhance the lighting effect and the staging effect, it is possible to freely open and close the opening 6 with the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b in accordance with the progress of the event.

In addition, in the roof having the above structure, the pair of movable roofs 20a, 20
By double closing the opening 6 with both b, 21a and 21b, it is possible to enhance the heat insulating effect of the roof surface and to prevent dew condensation on the roof inner surface.

In addition, at the time of snowfall, if the movable roofs 21a and 21b are covered with the movable roofs 20a and 20b by double closing the opening 6 as described above, the film material as the roof material 25 on the movable roofs 21a and 21b can be formed. Since snow accumulation can be prevented, there is no need to anticipate a large snow load on the movable roofs 21a and 21b. Therefore, the present invention is particularly suitable for application to a case where such facilities are provided in a cold region or a snow region. Further, not only at the time of snowfall but also when a storm is expected, for example, during a typhoon, the opening 6 is double-closed to cover the movable roofs 21a and 21b with the movable roofs 20a and 20b. If the movable roof 21a, 2
1b can be prevented from being exposed to wind storms, and its safety can be ensured.

Furthermore, since the fixed roof 5 is inclined so that the height from the ground 4 gradually increases as going from the outfield stand side to the home base side, the stand installation space on the infield side can be widened. However, it is possible to satisfy the audience's needs for watching the game from a nearby place, and furthermore, since the fixed roof 5 is inclined, it is possible to sufficiently capture wind and light from the opening 6 when the fixed roof 5 is opened. In addition, a sufficiently open feeling can be obtained visually.

Further, to form a substantially circular opening 6 around the position spaced from the central portion of the upper surface of the fixed roof 5 (center O _3), and the movable roof 20a which is a half dome, 20b (21a ,twenty one
b), the upper end of the fixed roof 5 is rotated around one end of the edges that come into contact with each other as fulcrums (center points O ₁ and O ₂ ) to open and close the opening 6. Even if the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b are sufficiently large, a sufficient space for rotating the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b and a flat storage space when the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b are opened are taken. 5, the building area can be minimized.

In this structure, the fixed roof 5 is connected to the reinforcing rings 14 and 1.
The structure is greatly simplified as compared with the conventional openable roof because it is constituted by the space truss 7 having 5 and its upper surface is made flat. The stability of the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b can be naturally ensured, and the movable roofs can be easily moved.

In addition, the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b are composed of half-split dome-shaped three-dimensional trusses, so that their structural strength can be secured as well as the effective height within the facility is sufficiently large. can do.

Although the embodiment of the openable roof structure according to the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications and applications are possible.

For example, in the above embodiment, two pairs of movable roofs 20a, 20a
b, 21a, the roofing materials 24, 25 in 21b are different from each other, it was configured to select whether to take in natural light or to block, but in addition to or instead of doing so, It may be configured to change the acoustic characteristics in the facility. It has two pairs of movable roofs
Acoustic adjustment means such as a sound absorbing plate or an acoustic reflecting plate is attached to only one of the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b, or a different sound is applied to both of the two pairs of movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, 21b. Adjusting means may be attached, and either one of the movable roofs may be selected according to the event to be held, and the opening 6 may be closed.

Furthermore, if the types and numbers of the various types of equipment and fixtures described above attached to the movable roofs 20a, 20b, 21a, and 21b are different, it is also possible to adjust various other environmental conditions in the facility. is there.

In addition, movable roofs 20a, 20
The b, 21a, 21b may be used by being opened halfway, or gradually opened or closed. In this way, for example, when watching the starry sky, an excellent visual effect for the audience can be obtained.

The shape of the opening 6 provided on the fixed roof 5 is not limited to a circle, but may be an oval or polygonal shape. In this case, the shape of the movable roof is not only a circular shape in plan view but also a shape of the opening. Can be appropriately changed according to the conditions.

[Effect of the Invention] As described above, according to the openable / closable roof structure of the present invention, an opening is formed at a position separated from the center of the upper surface of the annular fixed roof, and a half dome is provided on the upper portion of the fixed roof. The two pairs of movable roofs are provided rotatably with one end of the edge of the pair of movable roofs abutting on each other as a fulcrum, and one of the two pairs of movable roofs is provided with a movable roof, Both the planar dimension and the height dimension are made larger than the other pair of movable roofs so that the other pair of movable roofs can be covered, and the opening is formed by both or one of the two pairs of movable roofs. Since the construction is such that the roofs can be closed double or single, the roof material of these two pairs of movable roofs may be different from each other, or the equipment provided on these movable roofs may be different from each other. The matter can be changed according to the event to be held. In particular, if a translucent material is used as the roof material for one movable roof and a light-blocking material is used as the roof material for the other movable roof, it is possible to freely determine whether or not to use natural light in the facility. If at least one of the movable roofs is provided with acoustic adjustment means, it is possible to adjust the acoustic characteristics in the facility.

Further, since the opening can be double-closed by the two pairs of movable roofs, the heat insulation effect of the roof surface can be enhanced, and the occurrence of dew condensation on the roof inner surface can be prevented. It is possible to reduce the snow load on the movable roof, and therefore, it is particularly suitable to be applied to a facility provided in a cold area or a snow area.

Further, an opening is formed at a position away from the center of the upper surface of the annular fixed roof, and two pairs of half-dome-shaped movable roofs are formed on the fixed roof at the edges of the pair of movable roofs abutting each other. Because it is rotatably provided with one end of the part as a fulcrum, even if the opening area of the opening is sufficiently large, the space required for rotating the movable roof and the planar storage space of the movable roof when opened can be reduced. Sufficiently, the movable roof can be accommodated flatly in the fixed roof, thus minimizing the construction area.

In addition, when the fixed roof is provided to be inclined with respect to the horizontal plane, at the time of opening, the wind and light can be sufficiently taken in from the opening, and furthermore, a sufficient open feeling can be obtained visually, Furthermore, if this facility is used as a baseball stadium, if the inclination direction is gradually increased from the outfield stand side toward the home base side from the ground, the stand installation space on the infield side will be widened. Can meet the needs of the audience, who wants to watch the game from a short distance.

In addition, if the height dimension is reduced from the outer peripheral edge to the inner peripheral edge, and the fixed roof is constituted by a three-dimensional truss having a plurality of reinforcing rings along the circumferential direction, the fixed roof has sufficient strength by itself. This has the effect of simplifying the structure as compared with the conventional openable roof, and furthermore, by making the upper surface of the fixed roof substantially flat, the stability of the movable roof provided above it can be naturally ensured. In addition, there is an effect that the movement can be easily performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 to 10 show an embodiment of a retractable roof structure according to the present invention. FIG. 1 is a plan view of a baseball stadium provided with a roof having this structure, FIG. Figure 3 is the side view,
FIG. 4 is a front view of the same, FIG. 5 is a front view of the same, and FIGS. 6 to 9 schematically show a part of a space truss constituting a fixed roof. Is a vertical sectional view, FIG. 7 is a side view as viewed from an outer wall side, FIG. 8 is a plan view showing an upper surface, FIG. 9 is a plan view showing a lower surface, and FIG. 10 is an enlarged view showing a butt portion between movable roofs. FIG. 1 ... pillar 2 ... outer wall 3 ... ground (arena) 4 ... stand 5 ... fixed roof 6 ... opening 7 ... space truss 8 ... roofing material 14,15 …… Reinforcing ring, 20a, 20b …… One pair of movable roofs, 21a, 21b …… The other pair of movable roofs, 22a, 22b …… Rail, 23a, 23b …… Wheels, 24 …… From light-shielding material Roofing material, 25 …… Roofing material made of light-shielding material.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] An openable roof structure suitable for use in facilities such as a baseball stadium and an athletic stadium, wherein the outer shape is substantially circular or oblong in a plan view, and a horizontal plane in a side view. An annular fixed roof that is parallel or inclined and has a substantially circular, oval, or polygonal opening centered on the top surface of the part separated from the center, and each has a half-dome shape. And two pairs of movable roofs rotatably provided at one end of the edges abutting on each other at the upper part of the fixed roof as a fulcrum to open and close the opening, and the two pairs of movable roofs are provided. Among the roofs, one pair of movable roofs has a larger planar dimension and a higher height dimension than the other pair of movable roofs, and can cover the other pair of movable roofs. Two pairs Retractable roof structure characterized by comprising is configured to be capable to close the opening doubly or single by both or one of the movable roof. 2. The fixed roof according to claim 1, wherein an upper surface of the fixed roof has a substantially flat surface, and a dimension in a height direction is gradually reduced from an outer peripheral edge to an inner peripheral edge. The openable / closable roof structure according to claim 1, comprising a three-dimensional truss having a reinforcing ring. 3. The roofing material of one pair of movable roofs of the two pairs of movable roofs is formed of a light-transmissive material, and the roofing material of another pair of movable roofs is formed of a light-shielding material. The openable / closable roof structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: 4. An acoustic adjustment means for adjusting acoustic characteristics in a facility is provided on at least one of the two pairs of movable roofs. The openable roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3.