JP2686517B2 - Outboard motor - Google Patents

Description

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an outboard motor, and more particularly to an outboard motor including a transmission unit.

[Conventional technology]

Generally, in marine propulsion devices such as outboard motors and outboard motors, the rotational output of the engine is reduced by gears and transmitted to a propeller shaft. Conventionally, the number of deceleration stages is one in one stage and one stage in reverse. Therefore, the navigation speed of the ship is determined by the increase or decrease in the engine speed, and for example, when the engine speed is reduced to the speed required for trolling, stable engine rotation cannot be obtained.

Recently, as a solution to this problem, the same applicant proposed a two-speed forward and one-reverse speed transmission in which the rotational force of the drive shaft is reduced and transmitted to the propeller shaft via a planetary gear mechanism. (JP-A-55-19681).

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, since the gear ratios of the above-mentioned conventional one-stage forward and one-stage reverse gears are constant, for example, when the gear ratio is adjusted to the highest speed, the acceleration performance from low speed to middle speed is deteriorated. Becomes In addition, in order to improve the acceleration performance, the engine output may be a medium-speed horsepower type or the gear ratio may be set with emphasis on the acceleration performance, but in these cases, there is a disadvantage that the fastest performance deterioration occurs. ing. Furthermore, the ship weight may change significantly depending on the ship, but since the variable pitch propeller is usually used in ships, a fixed pitch propeller is usually used, so the engine speed at full opening changes greatly and the ship speed decreases. There is the inconvenience of coming.

Further, in the conventional Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 55-19681 described above, it is possible to reduce the speed of the propeller sufficiently while keeping the engine speed in the stable speed range. Due to the adoption of a method of shifting gears with intermittent dogs (power is temporarily disengaged from the clutch and then gear shifting), the relationship of running resistance (unlike a car, etc., running resistance is very large and inertial running is possible). No)
There was the inconvenience that the speed could not be changed while the ship speed was actually accelerated.

[Object of the invention]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the inconvenience of the conventional example, and particularly to provide an outboard motor that can easily perform a gear shift operation while the boat speed is actually accelerated. .

[Means for solving the problem]

In the present invention, the drive shaft housing is arranged below the engine, and the lower unit is arranged at the lower end of the drive shaft housing. Inside the drive shaft housing, a first drive shaft connected to the output shaft of the engine described above and a second drive shaft connected via a transmission unit that is a first speed reducing means of the first drive shaft are connected. It is arranged coaxially with the drive shaft.

In the lower unit, a reduction / reverse rotation mechanism that is a second reduction mechanism that transmits the rotational force transmitted to the second drive shaft to the propeller shaft is arranged, and
A water pump is equipped on the second drive shaft.

Further, the transmission unit, which is the first reduction gear, is composed of first and second planetary gear trains whose output shafts are coaxially arranged, and each of the first and second planetary gear trains is a sun gear. It is composed of a gear, a plurality of planetary gears, and an internal gear that meshes with each planetary gear.

The rotation center shafts of the respective sun gears of the above-described first and second planetary gear trains are connected by a rotation support shaft, and both are integrated. A brake mechanism that can be operated from the outside is attached to the rotation spindle.

The first drive shaft transmits the rotational force to the internal gear of the first planetary gear train described above and rotates by the rotation of the planetary gear arm of the first planetary gear train that is rotated by the second drive shaft. The drive shaft 4 is transmitted to the drive shaft 4.

Further, the planetary gear arm of the first planetary gear train and the internal gear of the second planetary gear train are integrated, and the rotation of the planetary gear arm of the second planetary gear train in a predetermined direction is allowed. Equipped with a one-way clutch.

With this, when the above-mentioned brake mechanism is operated, the reduction ratio of the rotational force transmitted to the second drive shaft is made smaller than that before the operation of the brake mechanism. I am collecting. This aims to achieve the above-mentioned object.

(Example of the invention)

An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6.

First, FIG. 2 shows an outboard motor body 50 equipped with a power transmission device according to this embodiment. In addition, FIG. 1 shows an example of the installation locations of a transmission unit 6 which is a first speed reduction means and a speed reduction / reverse rotation mechanism 10 which is a first speed reduction means which will be described later.
Further, FIG. 3 shows an example of a specific configuration of the transmission unit 6 which is the above-mentioned first speed reducing means.

1 to 3, the outboard motor main body 50 is a drive shaft housing disposed below the engine.
54, a lower unit 55 arranged at the lower end of the drive shaft housing 54, a first drive shaft 3 mounted inside the drive shaft housing 54 and coupled to the output shaft of the engine, and the first drive It is provided with a second drive shaft 4 which is arranged coaxially with the shaft 3 and is connected via the transmission unit 6 which is the above-mentioned first speed reducing means.

Further, the outboard motor body 50 is the lower unit described above.
55 is equipped with a deceleration reversing mechanism 10 which is a second deceleration means for transmitting the rotational force transmitted to the second drive shaft 4 to the propeller shaft 11, and a water pump is attached to the second drive shaft 4. 5 is equipped.

The transmission unit 6, which is the first reduction gear, has first and second planetary gear trains 30, 40 whose output shafts are coaxially arranged.
It consists of. As shown in FIG. 3, each of the first and second planetary gear trains 30, 40 includes a sun gear 27, 29, a plurality of planetary gears 25, 26, 31, 32, and each planetary gear 25, 26, 31,
The internal gears 24 and 35 mesh with each other.
Further, in the first and second planetary gear trains 30 and 40, the rotation center shafts of the sun gears 27 and 29 are connected by a rotation support shaft 28 to be integrated. A brake mechanism (band type brake) 23 that can be operated from the outside is provided on the rotation support shaft 28.
Is attached.

Here, the rotational force from the first drive shaft 3 to the second drive shaft 4 is first of all the above-mentioned first drive shaft 3 to the internal gear 24 of the first planetary gear train 30.
The rotational force of the planetary gear rotating arm 4a of the first planetary gear train 30 that is transmitted to the second planetary gear train 30 is transmitted to
Is transmitted to the drive shaft 4.

The planetary gear rotating arm 4a of the first planetary gear train 30 and the internal gear 35 of the second planetary gear train 40 described above are integrated. Further, the above-mentioned second planetary gear train
The planetary gear rotation arm 33 portion of 40 is equipped with a one-way clutch that allows the rotation of the planetary gear rotation arm 33 (rotation in one predetermined direction).

As a result, a band-type brake as a braking mechanism
The reduction ratio of the rotational force transmitted to the second drive shaft 4 when the brake mechanism 23 is activated is set smaller than that before the brake mechanism 23 is activated.

 Hereinafter, this will be described in more detail.

The outboard motor body 50 includes an engine lower cover 51,
A cowling portion 53 including an upper cover 52 which is capped from above the lower cover 51 and locked by a locking means (not shown), and an engine (not shown) arranged in the cowling portion 53 is provided at the upper end and the cowling portion is provided. A drive shaft housing 54 connected to 53,
It is configured by a lower unit 55 connected to the lower end of the drive shaft housing 54.

The outboard motor body 50 is provided with a swivel bracket 56 and a substantially U-shaped clamp bracket 57 having an opening at the bottom.
Transom plate provided on the stern of the hull by
Supported by one.

As shown by the dotted line in FIG. 1, the lower unit 55 is equipped with a deceleration / reverse mechanism 10 composed of a bevel gear mechanism as a second deceleration means having a forward / reverse switching function as usual. This deceleration reversing mechanism (second deceleration means) 10
Transmits the rotational force transmitted to the drive shaft lower 4 as the second drive shaft to the propeller shaft 11 of the propeller 58 mounted behind the lower end of the lower unit 55 at a deceleration rate set in advance. It has a function.

Drive shaft housing at the top of the lower unit 55
Inside the 54, a water pump 5 for cooling the engine is installed. Above the water pump 5, the transmission unit 6 as the above-mentioned first speed reducing means is provided. The transmission unit 6 includes the above-mentioned first
To the second planetary gear train 30, 40, which is a combined planetary gear mechanism 2
Contains 0.

The transmission unit (first speed reducer) 6 reduces the rotational force input to the drive shaft upper (first drive shaft) 3 on the engine side at a preset deceleration rate to reduce the drive shaft lower (second speed). Is a two-stage transmission that outputs from the drive shaft 4).

As described above, the speed change unit 6 is, specifically, the combined planetary gear mechanism 2 including the first and second planetary gear trains 30 and 40.
0, one-way clutch 22, and band type brake 23 (see FIG. 3).

Here, the drive shaft upper (first drive shaft) 3, which is the input shaft, is fixedly equipped with the center of rotation of the internal gear 24 described above via the connecting member 3a.

On the other hand, the planetary gear rotating arm 4a fixed to the drive shaft lower (second drive shaft) 4 which is the output shaft is in a state in which the planetary gears 25 and 26 are rotatably engaged with the internal gear 24 described above. Equipped with. Further, it is sandwiched between the planetary gears 25 and 26 and these planetary gears 25, 26 are
A sun gear 27 that meshes with is provided. A first planetary gear train 30 is configured by the internal gear 24, the planetary gears 25 and 26, and the sun gear 27.

Another sun gear 29 is attached to the rotation shaft 28 of the sun gear 27 described above.
Are integrally provided, and the above-mentioned band-type brake 23 is installed around the rotary support shaft 28. FIG. 6 shows a specific structural example of the band-type brake 23.

That is, in FIG. 6, on the outer circumference of the rotary support shaft 28,
A band-type brake 23, in which the tubular case 7 is fixed to the case of the transmission unit 6, is arranged.

The band type brake 23 includes an arm 13 rotatably supported by a pin 12 on a tubular case 7 and a wire 14 connecting the arm 13 to a brake operating lever (not shown).
And a brake band 15 disposed on the outer periphery of the shaft 28 and having both ends fixed to the tubular case 7 and the arm 13.
And the brake lining attached to the brake band 15.
On the other hand, in FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, on the other hand, in FIG. 3 to FIG. 4, an internal gear 35 is attached to a drive shaft lower (second drive shaft) 4 which is an output shaft via a planetary gear rotating arm 4b. It is fixed. And the sun gear 29 and the internal gear described above
Planetary gears 31, 32 that mesh with these are sandwiched between 35 and 35.

These planetary gears 31, 32 are connected by a planetary gear rotation arm 33 and are rotatably mounted on the planetary gear rotation arm 33.The sun gear 29, the planetary gears 31, 32, and the internal gear 35 are used. A second planetary gear train 40 is constructed.

Further, in the present embodiment, the one-way clutch 22 described above is arranged in the planetary gear rotation arm 33 portion in order to control the rotation direction of the planetary gear rotation arm 33.

 Next, the power transmission operation of the above embodiment will be described.

First, the rotational force of the output shaft of the engine (not shown) is transmitted to the drive shaft upper (first drive shaft) 3 connected to the output shaft via a coupling (not shown). Here, the one-way clutch 22 of the transmission unit (first deceleration means) 6 is "on" and the band-type brake 23
Is set to "open" at the first speed shown in FIG. 4, the rotational force transmitted to the drive shaft upper (first drive shaft) 3 is transmitted to the internal gear 24 via the connecting member 3a, As a result, the planetary gears 25 and 26 rotate, and then the sun gears 27 and 29 rotate integrally. Further, this rotation causes the planetary gears 31 and 32 to rotate, but in this case, the one-way clutch 22 is set to “on” and the arm 33 of the planetary gears 31 and 32 is set.
Is fixed, the rotations of the planetary gears 31 and 32 are transmitted to the drive shaft lower (second drive shaft) 4 via the internal gear 35 and the planetary gear rotation arm 4b.

Here, the planetary gear rotating arm 4a of the planetary gears 25 and 26 freely rotates. That is, in this case, the planetary gears 25 and 26 revolve around the sun gear 27 and the output is not transmitted from the planetary gear rotary arm 4a to the drive shaft lower 4.

Further, when the one-way clutch 22 in the speed change unit 6 is set to "OFF" and the band type brake 23 is set to "closed", the transmission is transmitted to the drive shaft upper (first drive shaft) 3 at the second speed shown in FIG. The generated rotational force is transmitted through the internal gear 24 through the same connecting member 3a as in the first speed described above.
Is transmitted to In this case, since the sun gear 27 is fixed by the band-type brake 23, the rotation of the internal gear 24 causes the planetary gears 25 and 26 to rotate while revolving around the sun gear 27. Therefore, the planetary gear rotation arm 4a rotates,
This rotational force is transmitted to the drive shaft lower (second drive shaft) 4. Therefore, the rotation of the drive shaft upper (first drive shaft) 3 is further decelerated as compared with the above-described first speed, and is output from the drive shaft lower (second drive shaft) 4. .

Next, in both the first speed and the second speed,
Drive shaft lower (second drive shaft) 4
The rotational force transmitted to the deceleration reverse rotation mechanism (second deceleration means)
It is transmitted to the propeller shaft 11 and finally to the propeller shaft 11, whereby the propeller 58 rotates according to the forward / reverse setting of the deceleration / reverse mechanism (second deceleration means) 10 to obtain thrust. .

As described above, according to the present embodiment, since there is no department or operation for cutting off the transmitted power by the clutch mechanism, the gear shifting operation can be performed even during the acceleration, and the function of the gear shifting mechanism can be fully exhibited. There is an advantage.

Further, since the shift operation from the 1st speed to the 2nd speed is the “close” operation of the brake (band type brake) 23 and the “off” operation of the one-way clutch 22, the shock at the time of shifting is not applied to the one-way clutch 22, There is an advantage that improvement in reliability and miniaturization can be expected. Further, the transmission unit (first
Output shaft of the first and second planetary gear trains 3 having coaxial output shafts.
Since the combined planetary gear mechanism 20 composed of 0 and 40 is provided, the entire apparatus can be made compact. This is convenient for propulsion machines such as outboard motors where sufficient space cannot be expected.

Further, in the case where the state of the ship (when the weight is significantly changed due to the load etc.) is clear, the gear ratio can be changed in advance, so that there is an advantage that the fuel economy is improved and the economy is improved. Furthermore, since the engine speed of the trolling can be increased while keeping the same propeller speed, there is an advantage that rough vibration can be reduced.

〔The invention's effect〕

Since the present invention is configured and functions as described above, according to this, when the normal reverse speed reduction mechanism is used as the second speed reduction means, the first speed reduction means having a shift function different from that is provided. Is provided, and moreover, since this gear shifting operation can be performed only by "opening / closing" operation of the brake,
Even during shifting, it is possible to always transmit power to the propeller shaft without interrupting power transmission.
For this reason, it is possible to provide an unprecedented excellent outboard motor that can easily perform a gear shift operation in a state where the boat speed is actually accelerated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a partially cutaway side view showing a main part of a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an overall explanatory view of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an internal structure of the transmission unit of FIG. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the operation of FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the actual structure of the band brake shown in FIG. 3 ... Drive shaft upper as first drive shaft, 4 ... Drive shaft lower as second drive shaft, 4a, 33 ... Rotating arm for planetary gear, 6 ... Gear change as first reduction means Unit, 10 ...
… Deceleration / reverse rotation mechanism as second reduction means, 11 …… propeller shaft, 20 …… coupled planetary gear mechanism, 22 …… one-way clutch, 23 …… band brake as brake mechanism, 24,35 …… internal gear , 25,26,31,32 …… Planetary gears, 2
7,29 ... Sun gear, 28 ... Rotating spindle, 30 ... First planetary gear train, 40 ... Second planetary gear train, 50 ... Outboard motor main unit,
54 …… Drive shaft housing, 55 …… Lower unit.

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A drive shaft housing is disposed below the engine, and a lower unit is disposed at a lower end of the drive shaft housing. The drive shaft housing is provided in the drive shaft housing and is connected to an output shaft of the engine. A first drive shaft and a second drive shaft that is connected to the first drive shaft via a speed change unit that is a first speed reducing unit are coaxially arranged, and the first drive shaft and the second drive shaft are provided in the lower unit. The 2nd which transmits the rotational force transmitted to the 2nd drive shaft to the propeller shaft
In the outboard motor, which is provided with a deceleration / reverse rotation mechanism that is a deceleration means and is equipped with a water pump on the second drive shaft, the transmission unit that is the first deceleration means has an output shaft The first to second planetary gear trains are coaxially arranged, and the first to second planetary gear trains are a sun gear, a plurality of planetary gears, and internal gears that mesh with the planetary gears. The first and second planetary gear trains have sun gears having rotation center shafts connected to each other by a rotation shaft to integrate the two, and a brake which can be operated from the outside. A mechanism is provided side by side, and the first drive shaft applies the rotational force to the first drive shaft.
Of the planetary gear train, the rotation of the planetary gear arm of the first planetary gear train, which is rotated by the transmission, is transmitted to the second drive shaft 4. The planetary gear arm of the train and the internal gear of the second planetary gear train are integrated, and
Is equipped with a one-way clutch that allows rotation of the planetary gear train of the planetary gear train in a predetermined direction, whereby a reduction ratio of the rotational force transmitted to the second drive shaft when the brake mechanism is actuated. Is smaller than before the actuation of the braking mechanism.