JP2676420B2 - Projection optical system of visible laser light in surveying machinery - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial field of use] The present invention relates to a configuration of a visible laser light projection optical system in a surveying machine used for construction surveying or the like to project a visible laser light onto a target to obtain a reference position. .

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, in a surveying machine that projects a visible laser beam onto a target, a HeNe gas laser was used, and the laser beam emitted from a laser oscillation tube was projected onto the target through a lens barrel section to determine the survey point. . And in this case, He
Since the oscillation tube of the Ne gas laser is large, the oscillation tube is generally provided outside the lens barrel, a laser beam is guided into the lens barrel by an optical system, and laser light is projected from the lens barrel.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

The first problem in the above-described conventional surveying machine that projects a laser beam onto a target is that the size of the oscillation tube is large and the size of the entire machine is large, which makes handling and operation of the machine inconvenient and difficult. is there.

In addition, the HeNe gas laser requires a high voltage of about 1200 V for its oscillation.
Not only is it necessary to use a power unit (booster), but there is also the problem that the handling of the machine becomes more inconvenient.

Further, as described above, since it is necessary to guide the laser beam into the lens barrel by the optical system from the oscillation tube provided outside, not only the structure of the optical system becomes complicated and expensive, but also the projection direction of the laser light is increased. There was often the problem of errors.

Therefore, the applicant for the patent of the present application is March 1989.
Heisei 1 Patent Application No. 73446 filed on the 24th (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-251
No. 718), in a surveying machine that projects a laser beam from a lens barrel, a visible light laser diode that emits visible light is used, and a driving circuit for driving the laser diode, a battery as a power source, etc. Providing a surveying machine that can be integrated into a lens barrel, projecting visible laser light toward a target without increasing the size of the machine Elements can be integrated into the lens barrel, eliminating the need to run the power cord or handling a separate power unit, and the operation is simple and inexpensive, and a visible laser beam is projected onto the target. However, in this case, there are the following two problems.

 The first problem is shown in FIG.

That is, FIG. 6 shows a structure in which the laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1 is projected as a parallel beam by the projection lens 5 and is projected against a slight inclination of the lens barrel portion due to a bottoming error of the surveying machine. In this example, a sufficient distance C between the projection lens 5 and the visible light laser diode 1 is secured in order to arrange the compensator 4 capable of maintaining the direction of visible laser light to be constant.
In this case, the laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1 reaches the projection lens 5 with an opening angle of about 12 ° to 30 °, so that the beam diameter E becomes considerably large and is emitted by the projection lens 5. Since the illuminance per unit area of the beam is reduced, the beam cannot be visually recognized.

Of course, if the projection lens 5 is moved in the direction of the arrow and the laser light is focused on the target, the illuminance per unit area of the beam rises and it becomes visible, but the laser light focusing operation is performed by changing the state of the laser light. Since it is performed while looking, the fact that the original beam cannot be visually recognized makes it difficult to condense the beam itself because it cannot be determined where the beam is.

 The second problem is shown in FIG.

That is, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, as shown in FIG. 7, if the focal length of the projection lens 6 is made very short and the distance between the projection lens 6 and the visible light laser diode 1 is shortened, the projection lens 6 The beam diameter F radiated from 6 is reduced, and the illuminance per unit area of the beam is increased to enable visual recognition, but on the other hand, it becomes impossible to dispose the compensator 4 described above.

Further, in order to further reduce the beam diameter on the target, the projection lens 6 is moved in the direction of the arrow in the same manner as in the above-mentioned application example, and when the laser light is focused on the target, it is generated along with the movement. The eccentric movement of the projection lens (illustrated as the movement amount h of the light source in FIGS. 6 and 7 for easy understanding of the illustration) is as shown by β in the direction of the beam emitted from the projection lens. A large angle error is generated.

 Here, from tan α = h / C tan β = h / A, if C> A, then ∴α <β.

In the optical system that focuses the laser light on the target with the projection lens, the visible laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode is reflected by a beam splitter such as a half mirror that reflects half of the light amount. After that, at the same time as projecting the light toward the target with the projection lens, the light incident from the target to the projection lens is transmitted through the beam splitter and observed through the eyepiece, so that the focused state and the projection position of the visible light laser beam on the target. In the telescope system of a surveying instrument, the beam splitter reduces the amount of projected laser light by half to darken the beam on the target, while observing it. Since the light is also cut in half by the beam splitter, there is a problem that it is difficult to see with a telescope system.

[Means for solving the problem]

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, the present invention is directed to a surveying machine for projecting a visible laser beam having an illuminance per unit area where the beam diameter emitted from the projection lens 3 is visible onto a target to obtain a reference position. The relay lens 2 is located at a position where the distance B from the relay lens 2 to the condensing point P of the relay lens 2 is larger than the distance A with respect to the distance A from the visible light laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2.
The projection lens 3 is installed at a position where the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is equal to or more than the distance B, and the compensator 4 is provided between the condensing point P and the projection lens 3. The present invention provides a projection optical system for visible laser light in a surveying machine in which is arranged.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2 or 3, in the projection optical system, the projection lens 3 is installed at a position where the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is larger than the distance B, On the optical path between the condensing point P and the projection lens 3, reflecting members 7 and 8 having a reflecting surface partially, and an erecting lens system 9,
It is intended to provide a projection laser light projection optical system in a surveying machine, which is provided with a target observation optical system including an eyepiece lens system 10.

[Action]

The present invention solves the above-mentioned problems by providing a relay lens 2 as shown in FIG. 1, and with respect to the distance A from the visible light laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2, the focusing point from the relay lens 2 The laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1 is condensed by the relay lens 2 so that the distance B to reach P becomes larger than the distance A,
Further, by setting the distance C between the condensing point P and the emission lens 3 to be the distance B or more, the divergence angle of the beam reaching the projection lens 3 is made larger than the divergence angle of the laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1. Therefore, even if the compensator 4 is arranged so that the distance between the projection lens 3 and the visible light laser diode 1 is sufficiently secured, the beam diameter D emitted from the radiation lens 3 can be sufficiently reduced. The size can be reduced, and accordingly, the illuminance per unit area of the beam is increased, which facilitates visual recognition. Further, even if the projection lens 3 is moved in the direction of the arrow in order to focus the laser light on the target, the angular error α exerted on the radiation direction due to the movement is small as in the conventional example of FIG. Will be completed.

Further, as shown in FIG. 4, by adding a rotating pentaprism, it is possible to rotate the laser beam on a horizontal plane so that horizontal points can be marked anywhere on the entire circumference. To rotate the laser beam in the vertical plane,
It is possible to allow vertical points to be marked anywhere within the vertical plane. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 or 3, according to the visible laser light projection optical system of the present invention in which the radiation lens 3 is shared and an observation telescope is added, in this case, the laser beam projected with the target is used. Can be observed on the same axis without parallax, and if the focus of the observation telescope is adjusted to the target by adjusting the movement of the radiation lens 3, the laser beam is automatically focused on the target at the same time. is there.

In this case, the reflection surface of the reflection member 7 can be totally reflected, and the total amount of light can be transmitted in the inner peripheral or outer peripheral transmitting portion, so that the amount of laser light to be projected is not reduced, There is an advantage that the amount of observed light can be reduced slightly.

The projection optical system shown in FIG. 3 is an application modification shown in FIG. 2 in which an observation telescope is provided coaxially with the optical axis of the radiation lens 3 and a laser beam radiation system is combined with a reflecting member.

〔Example〕

A projection optical system of visible light laser light in a surveying machine according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawings. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, 1 is a visible light laser diode and a small number of electronic parts are mounted. It can be driven by a drive circuit consisting of a very small circuit board, and its power source is, for example, a 1.5V dry cell 4
A single 6V type is sufficient, and the lens barrel can be integrally stored in the lens barrel without changing the size of the lens barrel. In the figure, the structures of the battery housing portion, the drive circuit board and the like are omitted.

The relay lens 2 and the projection lens 3 are arranged along the optical axis of the visible laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1, and the relay lens 2 is provided for the distance A from the visible light laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2. The laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1 is condensed by the relay lens 2 at the condensing point P so that the distance B from the condensing point P to the condensing point P becomes larger than the distance A.
The laser light passing through the condensing point P is configured to be projected onto the target by the projection lens 3 which is arranged at a distance C from the condensing point P which is the distance B or more. In the case of the illustrated embodiment, the distance B from the visible laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2 is about four times as large as the distance B from the relay lens 2 to the condensing point P of the relay lens 2. The relay lens 2 is installed, and the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is the distance B.
The projection lens 3 which is about twice as large as the above is installed. 4 is
A compensator arranged in the optical path from the relay lens 2 to the projection lens 3 for maintaining the direction of the projected visible laser light constant against a slight inclination of the lens barrel due to a bottoming error of the surveying machine. is there.

The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is the projection optical system shown in FIG. 1 in which an optical path from the relay lens 2 to the projection lens 3 is provided.
A laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1 is transmitted through the central portion, and a reflection member 7 for reflecting a light ray incident on the outer periphery of the projection lens 3 from the target on the outer peripheral portion is provided, and the light ray reflected by the reflection member 7 is provided. Is provided in parallel with the projection optical axis to form an observation optical axis, and an erecting lens system 9 and an eyepiece system 10 are provided on the reflection optical axis.
An observation telescope composed of a target observation optical system such as is attached inside the lens barrel 11. In this case, the distance between the condensing point P of the relay lens 2 and the reflecting member 7 is set to be the distance B or more, and the compensator 4 is installed between them.

Further, in this case, assuming that the reflecting member 7 has a disk shape when viewed from the projection optical axis direction, the diameter is E ′, and the diameter of the central transmitting portion is D ′, the reflecting member out of the amount of light observed by the observation telescope. The light quantity to be reduced in 7 can be obtained by the area ratio by the calculation formula of the area of the circle, Therefore, for example, if the diameter D ′ of the central transmitting portion is 1 and the diameter E ′ of the reflecting member 7 is 3, the amount of light to be reduced is
The area ratio can be reduced to 1/9.

The projection optical system in the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is an application modification of the optical system shown in FIG. 2, in which an observation telescope is provided coaxially with the optical axis of the emission lens 3 and a laser beam emission system is combined with the reflection member 7. It is an annex.

That is, in the projection optical system shown in FIG. 1, the visible light laser diode 1, the relay lens 2, and the compensator 4 are provided in the lens barrel 11 with respect to the projection lens 3 by the reflecting member 8,
7. The projection of the visible laser light in the surveying machine characterized in that the observation telescope of the target observation optical system consisting of the erecting lens system 9, the eyepiece lens system 10 and the like is arranged coaxially with the projection lens 3. It is an optical system. In this case, the entire amount of the laser light of the visible light laser diode 1 is reflected from the reflecting member 8 at the central reflection portion of the reflecting member 7 via the relay lens 2, and the visible laser light is projected to the target by the projection lens 3. The light rays incident on the outer periphery of the projection lens 3 are coaxially incident from the outer peripheral transmission portion of the reflecting member 7 onto an observation telescope composed of a target observation optical system such as an erecting lens system 9 and an eyepiece lens system 10, and visible light on the target. The laser beam can be observed. At this time, the reduction amount of the amount of light incident on the target observation optical system by the reflecting member 7 is such that the reflecting member 7 has a disk shape when viewed from the projection optical axis direction, the diameter is E ′, and the diameter of the central reflecting portion is D. ′, The amount of light reduced by the reflecting member 7 among the amount of light observed by the observation telescope is Therefore, it is similar to the embodiment of FIG.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, a lens barrel 15 having the projection optical system shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is vertically erected, and a pentagon rotated by a motor 16 is placed on a laser beam optical path emitted from the projection lens 3. The present invention relates to a projection laser light projection optical system in a surveying machine, characterized in that a rotary radiation unit (17) having a prism (13) is provided and the laser light is scanned from a radiation window (14) onto a horizontal plane.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, a lens barrel 15 having the projection optical system shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is horizontally installed, and a pentagon rotated by a motor 16 is placed on the optical path of a laser beam emitted from the projection lens 3. The present invention relates to a projection optical system for visible light laser light in a surveying machine, characterized in that a rotary radiation unit (17) having a prism (13) is provided and the laser light is scanned from a radiation window (14) onto a vertical plane.

〔effect〕

As described above, according to the visible laser light projection optical system in the surveying machine of the present invention, the visible laser light having the illuminance per unit area where the beam diameter emitted from the projection lens 3 is visible is projected onto the target. In a surveying machine that obtains the reference position by using the position where the distance B from the relay lens 2 to the focusing point P of the relay lens 2 is larger than the distance A from the distance A from the visible light laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2. The relay lens 2 and the projection lens 3 at a position where the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is equal to or more than the distance B, the condensing point P and the projection lens 3 are Since the compensator 4 is arranged between the relay lens 2 and the condensing point P, the distance from the visible laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2 is increased. Together we can take more than distance B,
Since the distance C between the condensing point P and the emission lens 3 can be taken to be greater than or equal to the distance B, the emission direction of the visible laser light with respect to a slight inclination of the surveying machine between the condensing point P and the emission lens 3 The compensator 4 to be corrected can be installed between the distances C, while the divergence angle of the beam reaching the projection lens 3 is larger than the divergence angle of the laser light emitted from the visible light laser diode 1. It is possible to make the size small. Therefore, even if the distance between the projection lens 3 and the visible light laser diode 1 is sufficiently secured to arrange the compensator 4, the distance from the visible light laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2 can be reduced. With respect to A, the beam diameter D emitted from the radiating lens 3 apart from 3A or more can be reduced, and the illuminance per unit area can be increased to a visible illuminance. There is. Further, even if the projection lens 3 is moved along the optical axis in order to focus the laser light on the target, the angle error α exerted on the above-mentioned radiation direction due to the movement is the same as in the conventional example of FIG. It will be small. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, even when a rotating pentaprism is added, it is possible to rotate the visible laser beam so as to be visible on a horizontal plane so that horizontal points can be marked anywhere on the entire circumference. As shown in FIG. 5, a rotating pentaprism can be added to rotate the laser beam in the vertical plane so that the vertical point can be marked anywhere in the vertical plane. There is.

Further, as described in claim (2), in the projection optical system according to claim (1), a position where the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is larger than the distance B. The projection lens 3 is installed on the optical path between the condensing point P and the projection lens 3 and a reflecting member 7 having a reflecting surface, a reflecting member 8, an erecting lens system 9, and an eyepiece lens system 10. According to the configuration provided with the target observation optical system consisting of, as shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3, it is possible to secure the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 to the distance B or more,
On the optical path between the condensing point P and the projection lens 3, there is an effect that a reflecting member 7 or 8 having a reflecting surface as a part can be provided together with the compensator 4, and the reflecting members 7 and 8 are provided.
The target observation optical system including the erecting lens system 9 and the eyepiece lens system 10 allows the target and the projected laser beam to be observed coaxially without parallax, and by adjusting the movement of the radiation lens 3, the observation telescope If the focus is adjusted to the target, the laser beam is automatically focused on the target at the same time. In this case, the reflecting member 7 reflects the entire amount of light to be reflected by a part of the reflecting surface and transmits the entire amount of light to be transmitted in the remaining transmitting portion, so that the decrease in the projected light amount is eliminated and the observation light amount is reduced. It has the advantage of requiring less reduction.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an outline of a main part of an embodiment of an optical system for projecting a visible laser light in a surveying machine according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a partial longitudinal section showing an outline of the main part of another embodiment. Side view,
FIG. 3 is a partial vertical sectional side view showing the outline of the main part of still another embodiment, FIG. 4 is a partial vertical sectional side view showing the outline of the main part of another different embodiment, and FIG. Partially longitudinal side views showing the outline of the main part of another different embodiment, and FIGS. 6 and 7 are projection optics of a visible laser light as an example for explaining the problems to be solved by the present invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of a system. 1 …… Visible laser diode 2 …… Relay lens 3 …… Projection lens 4 …… Compensator 5 …… Projection lens 6 …… Projection lens 7 …… Reflecting member 8 …… Reflecting member 9 …… Upright lens system 10 ...... Eyepiece system 11 ...... Lens barrel 12 ...... Projection lens moving frame 13 ...... Penta prism 14 ...... Radiation window 15 ...... Lens barrel 16 ...... Motor 17 ...... Rotating radiation part

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A surveying machine for projecting a visible laser beam having an illuminance per unit area whose beam diameter emitted from a projection lens 3 is visible on a target to obtain a reference position,
The relay lens 2 is installed at a position where the distance B from the relay lens 2 to the condensing point P of the relay lens 2 is larger than the distance A with respect to the distance A from the visible light laser diode 1 to the relay lens 2. At the same time, the projection lens 3 is installed at a position where the distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is equal to or more than the distance B, and the compensator 4 is arranged between the condensing point P and the projection lens 3. Projection optical system of visible laser light in surveying machinery 2. The projection optical system according to claim 1, wherein the projection lens 3 is installed at a position where a distance C from the condensing point P to the projection lens 3 is larger than a distance B. On the optical path between the light point P and the projection lens 3, a reflecting member 7 having a reflecting surface, and a target observation optical system including a reflecting member 8, an erecting lens system 9 and an eyepiece lens system 10 are provided. Projection optical system of visible laser light in surveying machine characterized by