JP2662775B2 - Battery - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a battery capable of obtaining a larger terminal-to-terminal output current while having substantially the same volume as a conventional battery.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a conventionally known chemical battery, a positive electrode active material and a negative electrode active material are immersed in an electrolyte, and a redox reaction is performed by utilizing a difference in ionization tendency between the two active materials. This is to obtain an inter-terminal output current. This redox reaction is defined as the transfer of electrons, and all chemical reactions can be considered to consist of a combination of reactions that give electrons and reactions that receive electrons.

[0003] By the way, batteries as small energy sources are required to have higher quality and higher reliability and to be further miniaturized due to application and development to electronics in various fields. In other words, there is a demand for a battery having the same capacity but a large electric capacity and a large output current between terminals during discharging.

Various attempts have been made for this purpose. For example, the substantial area of each of the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material is increased, the distance between the electrodes is reduced,
Searches for the types of electrolytes and their blending conditions have been made, and each has achieved certain results.

However, there is no end to the demand for miniaturization of batteries, and various means have been sought to obtain a larger inter-terminal output current.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery which can obtain a larger terminal-to-terminal output current than the conventional one while having substantially the same volume.

[0007]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention employs the following technical means.

In the battery of the present invention, an electrode made of a conductive material capable of transferring ions is provided between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode in the electrolyte. An electrode is electrically connected to the conductive material electrode.

Further, the battery according to the present invention is a battery having an electrolytic diaphragm between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode, wherein the electrolyte is provided between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode. An electrode of a conductive material having a shape capable of moving ions is provided, and the positive electrode active material electrode and the conductive material electrode are electrically connected.

[0010] The conductive material electrode may be provided near one or both sides of the electrolytic membrane.

[0011] The electrolytic diaphragm is provided in a double manner between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode, and the space between these electrolytic diaphragms is filled with an electrolyte.
It may be arranged in the electrolyte between the electrolytic membranes.

The conductive material electrode is made of a non-metal such as carbon, or a simple substance or alloy of a metal having a lower ionization tendency than magnesium, and has a lower ionization tendency on the surface of the base than the base material. Metal may be plated.

[0013] The conductive material electrode may be shaped like a net so as to easily transmit ions. The porosity of the cross section of the conductive material electrode in the ion transmission direction may be in a range of 75% or less.

As a result of employing the above means, the present invention has the following operation. Between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode in the electrolyte, while disposing an electrode of a conductive material in a shape capable of transferring ions, the positive electrode active material electrode and the conductive material electrode This is an electrically conductive state, and a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained while having substantially the same volume as the conventional one.

A battery having an electrolytic diaphragm between a positive electrode active material electrode and a negative electrode active material electrode, wherein ions can move between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode in the electrolyte. Along with disposing electrodes of conductive material in a shape,
Since the positive electrode active material electrode and the conductive material electrode are in an electrically conductive state, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained in comparison with the conventional one while having substantially the same volume as the conventional one.

That is, regardless of whether the battery has an electrolytic diaphragm between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode or not, the terminal having a larger capacity than that of the conventional battery has the same volume as the conventional one. Output current is obtained.

Further, even when a separator is provided to prevent an electrical short circuit between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode, the output between terminals is larger than that of the conventional one even though the separator has substantially the same volume. A current is obtained.

In the battery of the present invention, even when both electrodes are immersed in the same electrolyte as in the case of a voltaic battery, the electrolyte on the positive electrode side and the electrolyte on the negative electrode side are different from each other as in the case of a Daniel type battery. Similarly, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained even when the partition is made so as to be movable.

If a conductive material electrode is disposed near one or both sides of the electrolytic membrane, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained.

An electrolytic diaphragm is provided between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode, and the space between the electrolytic diaphragms is filled with an electrolyte. The conductive material electrode is placed between the electrolytic diaphragms. In this case, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained.

The conductive substance electrode is made of a non-metal such as carbon or a simple substance or alloy of a metal having a lower ionization tendency than magnesium, and has a surface having a lower ionization tendency than the base material on the surface of the base. Plating (plating) metal has advantages in terms of economy and processing.

As a conductive material electrode, a mesh
A large output current between terminals can be obtained by adopting various shapes such as a shape having a shape that allows easy transmission of ions between the front side and the back side of the conductive material electrode.

Here, if the porosity of the cross section of this electrode in the direction of ion transmission is in the range of 75% or less, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained.

[0024]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Next, the configuration of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings by way of specific embodiments.

In this example, a Daniel type battery was formed as follows. Using a cellophane 10 as the electrolytic diaphragm 1, a glass container is partitioned into a region on the positive electrode side and a region on the negative electrode side. The cellophane 10 is hydrophilic and can move ions. The region on the positive electrode side and the region on the negative electrode side are filled with the electrolyte 2 respectively. The positive electrode 3 and the negative electrode 4 of the battery are immersed in the two electrolytes 2 respectively. In the vicinity of the cellophane 10, a nickel mesh 50 of 20 mesh is disposed as an electrode 5 of a conductive substance. This nickel wire mesh 5
0 is a shape that allows the transfer of the solution and therefore facilitates the permeation of ions, and has a cross-sectional porosity of about 50% in the direction of permeation of ions. The nickel wire netting 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 using the lead wire 6. Further, as a comparative example, an electrode without the conductive material electrode 5 was formed.

Here, Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2
In this case, a 30% aqueous solution of copper sulfate is used as the electrolyte 2a on the positive electrode side, and a 30% aqueous solution of zinc sulfate is used as the electrolyte 2b on the negative electrode side. Further, a copper plate is used as the positive electrode 3 of the battery,
Use a zinc plate.

[0027]

The present invention will be described more specifically below. [Embodiment 1] As shown in FIG. 1, a nickel wire mesh 50 is disposed in the copper sulfate aqueous solution of the electrolyte 2a on the positive electrode side in the vicinity of the cellophane 10. The nickel wire net 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6 as described above. [Embodiment 2] As shown in FIG. 2, a nickel wire mesh 50 is disposed in the zinc sulfate aqueous solution of the electrolyte 2b on the negative electrode side and near the cellophane 10. The nickel wire net 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6 as described above. [Embodiment 3] As shown in FIG. 3, a double cellophane 10 is used as the electrolytic diaphragm 1, and a space between each cellophane 10 is filled with distilled water 8, and a nickel wire mesh is further included in the distilled water 8. 50 are immersed. Nickel wire mesh 50
Are electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6. Embodiment 4 As shown in FIG. 4, a nickel wire mesh 50 is immersed in the electrolyte 2a on the positive electrode side and in the electrolyte 2b on the negative electrode side near the cellophane 10 of the electrolytic diaphragm 1. . Each nickel wire net 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6. Comparative Example 1 As shown in FIG. 5, a cellophane 10 was used as the electrolytic diaphragm 1. Comparative Example 2 As shown in FIG. 6, double cellophanes 10 were used as the electrolytic membranes 1, and the space between the cellophanes 10 was filled with distilled water 8. The diffusion of the electrolyte into the distilled water 8 via the cellophane 10 occurs immediately.

The current of the external circuit (load resistance 60 mΩ) when the circuit is closed with the above configuration is measured. In this specification, a current value continuously measured when the circuit is closed is referred to as a maximum sustained current. Table 1 shows the results. Note that the voltage values in all the tables indicate the open-circuit voltage.

[0029]

[Table 1]

According to the results in Table 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2
The maximum sustained current values of the batteries of Examples 1 to 4 are relatively large with respect to the maximum sustained current value of the battery. After all, by arranging the electrode 5 made of a conductive material, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained with the same volume as the conventional one.

Regarding the method of disposing the electrode 5 made of a conductive substance, the largest output current between terminals can be obtained when the electrode 5 is disposed near both sides of the cellophane 10 of the electrolytic diaphragm 1 (Example 4). Was.

Next, a Daniel type battery was formed as follows. A 30% aqueous solution of copper sulfate is used as the electrolyte 2a on the positive electrode side, and a 30% aqueous ammonium chloride solution is used as the electrolyte 2b on the negative electrode side. That is, in this embodiment, an ammonium chloride aqueous solution is used as the electrolytic solution 2b on the negative electrode side, which is different from that described above. Further, a copper plate is used as the positive electrode 3 and a zinc plate is used as the negative electrode 4 of the battery. [Embodiment 5] As shown in FIG. 1, a nickel wire mesh 50 is disposed in the vicinity of cellophane 10 in an aqueous solution of copper sulfate of the electrolyte 2a on the positive electrode side. The nickel wire net 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6 as described above. [Embodiment 6] As shown in FIG. 2, a nickel wire mesh 50 is provided in the vicinity of cellophane 10 in an aqueous solution of ammonium chloride of the electrolyte 2b on the negative electrode side. Nickel wire mesh 5
0 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6 as described above. [Embodiment 7] As shown in FIG. 3, a double cellophane 10 is used as the electrolytic diaphragm 1, and the space between each cellophane 10 is filled with distilled water 8. 50 are immersed. Nickel wire mesh 50
Are electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6. [Embodiment 8] As shown in FIG. 4, a nickel wire mesh 50 was immersed in both the electrolyte solution 2a on the positive electrode side and the electrolyte solution 2b on the negative electrode side and near the cellophane 10 of the electrolytic membrane 1. I have. Each nickel wire net 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6. Comparative Example 3 As shown in FIG. 5, a single cellophane 10 was used as the electrolytic diaphragm 1. Comparative Example 4 As shown in FIG. 6, double cellophanes 10 were used as the electrolytic membranes 1, and the space between the cellophanes 10 was filled with distilled water 8. The diffusion of the electrolyte into the distilled water 8 via the cellophane 10 occurs immediately.

The current of the external circuit (load resistance 60 mΩ) when the circuit is closed with the above configuration is measured. Table 2 shows the results.

[0034]

[Table 2]

According to the results shown in Table 2, the comparative examples 3 and 4
The maximum sustained current values of the batteries of Examples 5 and 6 are relatively larger than the maximum sustained current value of the battery of Example 5. After all, by arranging the electrode 5 made of a conductive material, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained with the same volume as the conventional one.

Next, a voltaic battery was formed as follows. [Embodiment 9] As shown in FIG. 7, a 2.5% sulfuric acid aqueous solution is filled as an electrolytic solution 2 in a glass container. A copper plate is used as the positive electrode 3 of the battery, a zinc plate is used as the negative electrode 4, and a 20-mesh nickel wire net 50 is disposed as the conductive material electrode 5 between the two electrodes 3 and 4 which are arranged to face each other.
The nickel wire netting 50 is electrically connected to the positive electrode 7 using the lead wire 6. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5 As shown in FIG. 8, a comparative example in which the conductive material electrode 5 was not provided was formed.

The current of the external circuit (load resistance 60 mΩ) when the circuit is closed with the above configuration is measured. Table 3 shows the results.

[0038]

[Table 3]

According to the results shown in Table 3, the maximum sustained current value of the battery of Example 9 is relatively larger than the maximum sustained current value of the battery of Comparative Example 5. After all, by arranging the electrode 5 made of a conductive material, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained with the same volume as the conventional one.

Further, another voltaic battery was formed as follows. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a cellophane 10 is used as the electrolytic diaphragm 1, and the positive electrode side and the negative electrode side regions partitioned by the cellophane 10 are filled with the same electrolytic solution 2. As the electrolytic solution 2, a 2.5% aqueous sulfuric acid solution was used. [Embodiment 10] As shown in FIG. 1, a nickel wire netting 50 is arranged in the region on the positive electrode side and near the cellophane 10. The nickel wire mesh 50 is connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6.
And it is in an electrically conductive state. [Embodiment 11] As shown in FIG. 2, a nickel wire netting 50 is arranged in the region on the negative electrode side and near the cellophane 10. The nickel wire mesh 50 is connected to the positive electrode 7 by the lead wire 6.
And it is in an electrically conductive state. COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6 As shown in FIG. 5, a comparative example in which the conductive material electrode 5 was not provided was formed.

The current of the external circuit (load resistance 60 mΩ) when the circuit is closed with the above configuration is measured. Table 4 shows the results.

[0042]

[Table 4]

According to the results shown in Table 4, the maximum sustained current values of the batteries of Examples 10 and 11 are relatively larger than the maximum sustained current value of the battery of Comparative Example 6. After all, by arranging the electrode 5 made of a conductive material, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained with the same volume as the conventional one.

According to the batteries of the above embodiments, a larger inter-terminal output current can be obtained while having the same capacity as the conventional one, so that the size of the batteries can be reduced.

Therefore, for example, it is possible to develop an emergency power supply (so-called satellite station power supply) for a building such as a building in a smaller size. Furthermore, it can be effectively applied to various redox batteries such as dry batteries.

[0046]

According to the present invention, which has the above-described structure, it is possible to provide a battery having a terminal-to-terminal output current which is substantially the same as that of a conventional battery, but is larger than that of the conventional battery.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure of an embodiment of a battery according to the present invention having an electrolytic diaphragm.

FIG. 2 is a view for explaining the structure of another embodiment of the battery of the present invention having an electrolytic membrane.

FIG. 3 is a view illustrating the structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention having an electrolytic diaphragm.

FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a battery according to another embodiment of the present invention having an electrolytic diaphragm.

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the structure of a conventional battery having an electrolytic membrane.

FIG. 6 is a view for explaining another structure of a conventional battery having an electrolytic membrane.

FIG. 7 is a view for explaining the structure of an embodiment of the battery of the present invention having no electrolytic membrane.

FIG. 8 is a view for explaining the structure of a conventional battery having no electrolytic membrane.

[Explanation of symbols]

 3 Positive electrode active material 4 Negative electrode active material 5 Electrode of conductive material

Claims (7)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electrode of a conductive material having a shape capable of transferring ions is provided between a positive electrode active material electrode and a negative electrode active material electrode in an electrolyte, and the positive electrode active material electrode and the conductive material are connected to each other. A battery comprising: an electrically conductive material electrode; 2. A battery having an electrolytic diaphragm between a positive electrode active material electrode and a negative electrode active material electrode, wherein ions can move between the positive electrode active material electrode and the negative electrode active material electrode in the electrolyte. A battery comprising: an electrode of a conductive material having a shape; and a conductive state between the positive electrode active material electrode and the conductive material electrode. 3. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the conductive material electrode is disposed near one or both sides of the electrolytic membrane. 4. The electrolyte membrane is provided in a double manner between a positive electrode active material electrode and a negative electrode active material electrode, and the space between these electrolyte membranes is filled with an electrolyte. 3. The battery according to claim 2, wherein the battery is disposed in the electrolyte between the diaphragms. 5. The conductive material electrode is a non-metal such as carbon,
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the base material is a simple substance or alloy of a metal having a lower ionization tendency than magnesium, and a metal having a lower ionization tendency is plated on the surface of the base material. The battery according to any one of the above. 6. The electrode according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material electrode is shaped like a net so that ions can easily pass therethrough.
6. The battery according to any one of claims 1 to 5. 7. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the porosity of the cross section of the conductive material electrode in the direction of ion transmission is in a range of 75% or less.