JP2652929B2 - Measuring method of noise and / or vibration of railway running train - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for measuring noise and vibration of a traveling train propagated along a railway line, and more particularly to a method for measuring noise and / or vibration at a point near a railway. With the electric field strength measurement device of the continuously radiated radio wave, and by the electric field strength measurement data,
It is an object of the present invention to obtain a measurement method capable of accurately and easily identifying data from a source other than a traveling train mixed into noise and vibration measurement data, and streamlining and analyzing desired data.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The influence of noise and vibration from railways is expanding with the speeding up and lengthening of traveling trains, and the pollution problem of environmental destruction is caused. As a countermeasure, noise and / or vibration of a running train is measured over a wide area along the railway. The above-mentioned measurement method is based on the notification of the Environment Agency, and the railway noise passes through 70 dB (A) in the residential area, 75 dB (A) in the commercial and industrial area, and the railway vibration exceeds 70 dB at the point where the railway noise rises and falls continuously. The peak level of noise and vibration is read for each train, and evaluation is performed based on the average value of the 10 higher levels, and the measurement is performed between 6:00 am and 12:00 pm. Further, at the time of the measurement, it is desired to identify and record the type of the traveling train, the distinction between up and down, the traveling speed, and the like.

Conventionally, in the above-mentioned measurement, a method of installing a noise meter / vibration meter and its measurement data recording device at one point near a railway so as to be always in operation has been performed. There are drawbacks such as unnecessary data becoming excessive, and it is difficult to identify mixed data from sources other than the running train.To eliminate this drawback, the trainer who is stationed at the site visually and When the proximity is sensed, the measurement data recording device is started by obtaining it, and the method of operating it so as to stop it after passing the traveling train is generally adopted, during which time the visual confirmation of the train type, distinction between up and down, speed gun and stop The running speed is measured and recorded by the watch.

However, the rise time from the start of the measurement data recording device to the normal operation state is 3 to 4 minutes.
It takes seconds, and considering the manual operation time, it is necessary to sense the proximity of the traveling train at least 5 seconds before the head of the traveling train arrives in front of the measurement point. In addition to imposing an excessive burden, measurement errors due to delay in sensing are often apt to occur due to external conditions such as weather conditions.

Further, in order to automate the detection of approach of a traveling train, a sound level meter and a vibrometer are juxtaposed, and the measurement level of the vibrometer is constantly taken into a computer. It has already been proposed how to start (for example, sponsored by the Environment Agency, environmental conservation,
Abstracts of Pollution Prevention Research Presentation, Kazuyoshi Sekiya 1-1B
-10, 1990).

[0006]

In the above-mentioned conventional measuring method, it is impossible to automatically discriminate the running direction of the train, and noise and vibration from dump trucks and other sources other than the traveling train are not available. It is difficult to completely eliminate the collection of unnecessary data from the data collection, and when automated by the vibration level, the measurement of slow trains below the trigger level will be dropped. There have been problems such as troublesome work at the analysis stage and reduction in data reliability.

[0007]

According to the present invention, a radio wave continuously radiated from a traveling train is received at a noise / vibration measurement point and noise / vibration is measured based on electric field strength measurement data for each train traveling direction. Thus, it is possible to easily and easily identify and separate the traveling train included in the measurement data from the other. It is necessary to selectively receive a characteristic frequency component as a radio wave constantly and continuously emitted from the traveling train. For example, in the case of a Shinkansen train, a train command response signal radio wave (414.25 MHz, 41
2.10 MHz), a discharge radio wave of the pantograph collecting shoe section (200 KHz to 50 MHz, particularly 400 to 8 MHz).
The 00 kHz band, the 20 MHz band, and the 35 MHz band are predominantly used, but discharge radio waves continuously generated in other electric systems can also be used.

The present invention is embodied by installing, together with a sound level meter and / or a vibration meter, an electric field strength measuring device for each of the traveling directions of radio waves continuously emitted from a traveling train, at one point near the railway, At that time, a method of continuously operating each measuring instrument and a computer for recording the measurement data,
Or, when each measuring device is continuously operated, when the electric field strength measurement data exceeds a predetermined trigger level for detecting approach of the traveling train, the measurement data recording device of each measuring device is started. A method is adopted in which the stop is performed when the trigger level is lowered to the above-mentioned trigger level or when a preset fixed time elapses.

The former method records all the noise and / or vibration conditions at the measurement points irrespective of the presence or absence of the traveling train, and is useful in some cases . If the train runs from the recorded data
Range over a certain level of field strength measurement data for each row direction
Select and output the noise and vibration measurement data corresponding to
Things. The latter method measures noise and vibration in the required range.
Data can be obtained directly. In addition, the fixed time from the start of measurement data recording to the stop is
Considering the expected conditions such as the train length and running speed of the running train to be measured, a slight grace period is given to the time until the running train passes the front of the measurement point after sensing the approach of the running train and starting recording. The added time interval is used.

An electric field intensity measuring device is a non-directional or directional antenna suitable for receiving radio waves continuously radiated from the traveling train, an amplifier, a bandpass filter, a detector, a level calculator, a judgment device and an external device controller. And other required processing devices. The received radio wave improves the signal-to-noise ratio by amplification, improves sensitivity, converts it to an intermediate frequency, converts it to a desired band waveform by a band filter, obtains a desired signal by detection, calculates the level of this signal, and calculates the mean square of the integration time. An electric field intensity level waveform, or in the case of pulse noise radio waves, a high-speed sampling and peak value holding circuit combined with an A / D conversion circuit to produce an electric field intensity level waveform, which is input to a recording device via a decision unit. It is.

The noise / vibration level of the traveling train at the measurement point sharply increases immediately before the traveling train approaches the front of the measurement point, from the time when the train head reaches the front point to the time when the tail of the train passes the front point. It shows a nearly trapezoidal level fluctuation curve where the peak level continues almost during the period and then sharply decreases.Normally, noise and vibration are almost similar, but depending on conditions such as terrain and geology, , in some cases slightly different from the curve-shaped and ing.

On the other hand, when the radio wave from the traveling train at the measurement point is received by the omnidirectional antenna, the electric field strength level gradually increases as the traveling train approaches, reaches a peak when passing through the front position of the measurement point, and thereafter separates. The graph shows a change that becomes a substantially normal distribution curve that gradually decreases as the time elapses. When the signal is received by the directional antenna facing the approaching direction of the traveling train, the signal gradually increases as the traveling train approaches the antenna pointing axis, reaches a peak between the antenna pointing axis and the position in front of the measurement point, and then rapidly decreases. I do.

Therefore, the sound level meter and / or the vibrometer and the electric field strength measuring device are continuously operated, and the respective measurement data recording devices are started by the continuous operation or the detection of the approach of the traveling train.
By parallelly recording the measured data of the electric field intensity level fluctuation waveform together with the trapezoidal level fluctuation curve of the noise and / or vibration, the data of the traveling train and other sources can be clearly distinguished.

The approach detection of the traveling train is performed by measuring the electric field strength.
Constant trigger level for electric field strength measurement data
The measurement data can be set up on the recording device by setting
Start the measurement data recording device while maintaining the rise time.
Thus, it is possible to completely collect the fluctuation range of each measurement level.

[0015] In the above-mentioned measurement, the identification of the traveling train ascending and descending according to the traveling direction is performed by different characteristic frequency components of radio waves radiated from the traveling train received during the electric field strength measurement . Or by the directional axis of the directional antenna in a different direction,
Alternatively, it can be performed by using both of them in combination. For example, when radio waves are received by an omni-directional antenna, a method of providing a scanning circuit for alternately receiving radio waves of different frequencies, up and down, every short time, and a holding circuit therefor, displaying the radio signals separately according to their frequencies, A method of distinguishing and displaying radio waves received at the same or different frequencies in the up and down directions using two directional antennas installed in two directions in the down direction and using the respective electric field strength measurement circuits as separate systems can be adopted.

The above-mentioned noise and / or vibration measurement is performed simultaneously or only one of the noise and / or vibration as required. At this time, a running train passing through the front of the measuring point is photographed. provided with a video camera, electric field strength
By controlling the operation according to the degree measurement level or in synchronization with the operation of the measurement data recording device of the sound level meter or vibration meter, it is possible to obtain information such as the type of the passing train, the traveling speed, the traveling direction, and the state of the pantograph etc. . Further, if necessary, a speed gun directed toward the approaching direction of the traveling train is provided, and the operation is controlled according to the electric field intensity level, so that traveling speed data can be obtained.

[0017]

According to the measuring method of the present invention, the above configuration allows data that can clearly distinguish noise and vibration caused by the passage of a traveling train from those of other sources without being affected by weather and weather throughout the day and night. It can automatically collect the data for each train traveling direction. In that case, the recording of the measured data can be limited to a short time range including the transit time of the traveling train. be able to.

[0018]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The measuring method according to the present invention will be described with reference to an embodiment in which the apparatus shown in the block diagram of FIG. 1 is used. FIG.
Is composed of an electric field strength measuring device A, a measuring device B, and a computer C. The electric field strength measuring device A includes two directional antennas 1 and 1 'each having a radio wave reception range radiated from each traveling train, and a high-frequency amplifier 2 and 2' for processing each received signal, for each traveling direction of the train. , Mixture 3,3 'with local transmission 4,4', intermediate frequency amplification 5,
5 ', detection 6, 6', level operation 7, 7 ', and the A / D conversion circuit. The data is continuously input to the bus 10.

The measuring device B includes a noise measuring section 20 comprising a microphone 21 and a sound level meter 22, a vibration measuring section 30 comprising a grounded pickup 31 and a vibrometer level recorder 32, a television camera 41 and a video recorder. 42, and the measurement data of the sound level meter level recorder 22 and the vibration level meter 32 are transmitted to the system bus 10 via the A / D converter 16.
The operation is controlled by communicating an operation command from the computer C and a response signal to the computer C.

The computer C has a memory 11, a CPU 12, and a memory 14 controlled by software 13, each of which is communicably connected to a system bus 10, and has a monitor 15 for receiving signals from the system bus 10, and a display 15 such as a printer. Connected.

An example in which the measurement method of the present invention using the above-described apparatus was tested on the vicinity of Kurihashi Iron Bridge on the Tohoku Shinkansen will be described. The microphone 21, the pickup 31, and the television camera 41 of the measuring device B are moved to the side 25 of the railway line.
m, and the two directional antennas 1, 1 'of the electric field strength measuring device A are arranged in the vicinity thereof, and a computer C installed at an arbitrary position through respective required circuits.
Connected to.

The directional antennas 1 and 1 'have an expanded reception range of about 15 degrees to the left and right of the directional axis, and the direction of the axis is approximately 300 degrees upward and downward from the line point in front of the measurement point.
m, and the receiving circuits of the directional antennas 1 and 1 'are provided with a train command response signal of an up train (414.25 MHz) and a train command response signal of a down train (412.10 MHz). And a tuning frequency band including

By continuously operating the electric field intensity measuring device A and the measuring device B and inputting and storing the electric field intensity measurement data and the noise / vibration measurement data in the computer, output data in a desired range can be obtained. FIG.
Data recording in which the fluctuation state of the electric field strength level and the noise measurement level of the up-and-down radio waves obtained by the directional antennas 1 and 1 'between 16:40 and 16:43 on September 20, 2004 are output in parallel. It is. According to this data record, the noise level shows a large peak when passing a traveling train and when passing a dump truck, but the electric field intensity level shows a peak only before and after passing a train, and the time difference between the up and down peaks causes the noise peak. Can be identified by either passing train going up or down.

In the above embodiment, a fixed trigger level is set for the electric field intensity measurement level, and this is used as train approach identification information to start the measurement data recording device of the measuring instrument. By controlling to stop after continuing, only required data can be collected.

In place of the two directional antennas in the above embodiment, one omnidirectional antenna can be used to scan electric waves having different frequencies of up and down to measure the electric field strength. FIG. 3 is a data record in which the temporal data of the electric field strength level and the noise level are arranged in parallel.
At this time, a fixed trigger level (T) is applied to the electric field strength level.
Is set, and the operation of the noise measurement data recording device is controlled, the noise level recording starts at a point A which is slightly delayed from the time when the electric field intensity reaches the trigger level, and the electric field intensity becomes equal to the trigger level (T). The recording is stopped at the point B which has been lowered to a point where the noise level in the desired range can be recorded.

[0026]

As described above, according to the measuring method of the present invention, a noise is emitted from a traveling train together with a sound level meter and / or a vibrometer and, if necessary, a television camera and a speed gun at one point near the railway. By providing an electric field strength measuring device for the radio waves to be received and incorporating the electric field strength level data in the measurement data, it is possible to obtain measurement data that can clearly distinguish both from the mixed data of the traveling train and other sources By setting a desired trigger level for any of electric field intensity, noise and vibration, and automatically controlling the operation of the measuring and recording device of each measuring instrument, it is possible to obtain a measurement record in a desired range. Therefore, long-time automatic measurement can be reliably and efficiently performed without being affected by external conditions such as day and night and weather.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a circuit of an apparatus used in an embodiment of a measuring method according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a graph of measurement data showing a correspondence relationship between an electric field intensity level and a noise level obtained by an example.

FIG. 3 is a graph of measured data showing a correspondence relationship between an electric field intensity level and a noise level in another embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Directivity antenna 1 'Directivity antenna 10 System bus 20 Noise measurement part 30 Vibration measurement part 40 Photographing part A Electric field strength measuring device B Measurement device C Computer T Trigger level

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. An electric field intensity measuring device which obtains electric field intensity measurement data of a radio wave continuously emitted from a traveling train in each train traveling direction together with a sound level meter and / or a vibration meter at one point near a railway. By juxtaposition, under the continuous operation of each measuring instrument, at the time when the electric field strength measurement value exceeds a predetermined preset trigger level, the measurement data recording device of each measuring instrument is started, and below the trigger barrel. A method for measuring noise and / or vibration of a railroad running train, wherein the recording device is stopped when the electric field strength measurement data decreases or when a predetermined period of time elapses after starting. 2. An electric field intensity measuring device which obtains electric field intensity measurement data for each of the train traveling directions of radio waves continuously emitted from a traveling train together with a sound level meter and / or a vibration meter at one point near the railway. In parallel, input each measurement data obtained under continuous operation of each measuring instrument to the computer, and measure the noise and / or vibration measurement data corresponding to the range of a certain level or more of the electric field strength measurement data in the train running direction. A method for measuring noise and / or vibration of a railway running train, which is output and displayed together with another electric field strength measurement data. 3. A radio wave radiated from a traveling train is received by one omni-directional antenna, and a scanning circuit corresponding to radio waves in different ranges of the same wave number in different train traveling directions is provided in the received radio wave tuning circuit. 3. The method for measuring noise and / or vibration of a railway traveling train according to claim 1, wherein the method is provided to obtain electric field intensity measurement data for each train traveling direction. 4. For each traveling direction of a train, radio waves radiated from each traveling train and having the same or different frequencies are received by two directional antennas facing each other in the traveling direction of the train. The method for measuring noise and / or vibration of a railway traveling train according to claim 1, wherein each of the electric field intensity measurement data is obtained. 5. A sound level meter and / or a vibrometer and an electric field strength measuring device, and a video camera for photographing a train passing position in front of a measuring point are juxtaposed to operate in correspondence with a range of a certain level or more of electric field strength measurement data. 3. The method for measuring noise and / or vibration of a railway traveling train according to claim 1, wherein the photographing data is recorded or input to a computer together with other measurement data. 6. In addition to a sound level meter and / or a vibrometer and an electric field strength measuring device, two speed guns directed to approaching running trains are provided for each train running direction, and according to the electric field strength measurement data for each running direction, 3. The noise and / or noise of a railway traveling train according to claim 1 or 2, wherein traveling speed data obtained by controlling the operation of the speed gun directed in the same direction is recorded or input to a computer together with other measurement data. Or vibration measurement method 7. The noise and / or noise of a railway traveling train according to claim 1, wherein the electric wave received by the electric field strength measuring instrument is a train command response signal electric wave continuously transmitted from the traveling train. Vibration measurement method 8. The noise and / or vibration of a railway traveling train according to claim 4, wherein the electric wave received by the electric field strength measuring instrument is a characteristic frequency component contained in a discharge electric wave generated in a pandagraph current collecting shoe portion of the traveling train. Measurement method.