JP2649703B2 - Excavator front attachment - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to a front attachment which can be exchangeably mounted on a shovel type excavator, and in particular, a shovel system capable of performing excavation work and grasping work by one unit. The present invention relates to improvement of a front attachment of an excavator.

(Prior Art) A shovel-based excavator is used in such a manner that various front attachments are interchangeably mounted according to the application.

For the excavation work, a front attachment such as a shovel or a back four is used. Here, excavation by the shovel is performed by an operation of pushing out and lifting a bucket attached to the tip of the arm, and excavation by the back fork is performed by an operation of pulling the bucket toward the front and swirling the bucket.

For gripping work (grapple work), a front attachment such as a fork law is used, in which gripping claws are opened and closed back and forth. This fork claw is attached to a hydraulic cylinder for bucket provided on the arm of the excavator. used.

However, in the case of these front attachments, it is necessary to exchange and use attachments according to the work content such as excavation work and picking up work, and replacement requires a lot of skill and time, so the work efficiency decreases. There was a problem of doing.

Further, when performing two operations of excavation operation and pick-up operation at the same work site, it is necessary to prepare two attachments, and there is a problem that an economic burden increases.

Therefore, in order to solve these problems, for example, a grasping arm that can be freely opened and closed with respect to a conventional bucket is added as in an apparatus disclosed in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. It has also been proposed to use the same lifting operation.

In this device, a frame-shaped gripping arm (bucket sub-body) that is openably and closably attached to the opening edge of the bucket body is provided, and the inner edges on both sides of the gripping arm and the opening edges on both sides of the bucket body are aligned. A fixed blade and a movable blade are formed by meshing mountain-shaped irregularities, and excavation claws that overlap with each other are provided at the distal end opening edge of the bucket body and the distal end of the gripping arm.

When performing excavation work as a bucket, this apparatus is used in such a manner that the fixed blade and the movable blade are engaged in an aligned state, and the excavation claw of the gripping arm overlaps with the excavation claw of the bucket body. Also, when performing a lifting operation as a fork claw, the gripping arm is rotated toward the bucket body side to scrape the object to be clamped toward the use state position as the bucket, and the gripping arm is moved between the fixed blade and the movable blade. The object to be clamped is clamped between the respective excavation claws.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the above-mentioned proposed device, it is possible to perform the two operations of the excavation operation and the pick-up operation, but there are some problems as follows.

First, the clamping structure for performing the lifting operation using the fork claw is insufficient.

That is, when the gripping arm is rotated toward the bucket body to scrape the object to be clamped, the tip of the gripping arm is provided with an outwardly inclined excavation blade, so that the object to be gripped is sufficiently scraped. Cannot be pushed out, but rather pushed out.

Also, if the raked object is to be clamped between the excavating blades at the tip, there is no special locking and holding portion between the respective excavating blades. If the blade is pressed only by the pressing force of the blade, it will easily fall off.

Furthermore, even when the object to be clamped is clamped between the fixed blade and the movable blade, the clamped object acts to escape to the outside. Although the fixed blade and the movable blade formed in this manner are locked and held to some extent, if they are hard, large-diameter or heavy members, they may fall off without being sufficiently locked and held.

Secondly, when the bucket is used for excavation work, the fixed blade of the bucket body and the movable blade of the gripping arm are engaged with each other in an aligned state, and there is no locking means against torsion. If it is twisted, the meshing will be displaced, making it impossible to open and close or hindering the gripping operation. Thirdly, excavation claws are formed not only on the tip side on the gripping arm side but also on the tip side on the bucket body side, and the excavation claws protrude from the bottom surface of the bucket body to form an uneven shape. It cannot be performed flat. Further, when excavation work is performed, earth and sand are likely to be clogged between both excavation claws, and when the earth and sand are clogged, opening and closing of the gripping arm will be hindered when used as a fork claw.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a front attachment of a shovel diameter excavator capable of solving such a conventional problem.

(Means for Solving the Problems) In order to solve the above problems, a front attachment of a shovel excavator according to claim 1 of the present invention is rotated by a hydraulic cylinder attached to an arm tip of the shovel excavator. A bucket body, a frame-shaped gripping arm having a base end pivotally attached to the bucket body, and one end attached to the bucket body side and the other end attached to the gripping arm side, and the gripping arm is opened and closed by telescopic operation. An opening / closing cylinder is provided on the opening edge of the bucket main body and an inner edge of the gripping arm are provided with an uneven lower blade and an upper blade, respectively, and the bucket is excavated with the gripping arm closed. And a front attachment that performs a lifting operation by opening and closing the gripping arm, wherein the gripping arm moves between the frame plates on both sides. A flat shape is formed in a substantially U-shape by an inclined front end frame plate to be connected, and the both side frame plates are lower blades provided at both open edges of the bucket body when the upper blade provided at the inner edge is closed. The bucket body is restrained from both sides by the side frame plates, and the bucket body is closed when the upper blade provided on the inner edge is closed. The tip frame plate is disposed in an aligned state in such a manner as to mesh with and abut against a lower blade provided on the tip side opening edge of the tip side opening edge. When the gripping arm is closed, the tip frame plate is connected in a continuous joining state without a step in front of the opening edge on the tip side of the bucket body when the gripping arm is closed. Was provided with a cutting edge protruding from the outer edge.

In the front attachment of the excavator-type excavator according to claim 2 of the present invention, the gripping arm pivotally attaches a base end side of the both-side frame plate to an inner surface side of the both-side opening edge of the bucket body, and furthermore, The portion where the upper blade was formed was extended along the outer surface of the opening edge on both sides of the bucket body.

In a further attachment of a shovel excavator according to claim 3 of the present invention, the gripping arm is formed to have a large height dimension at a tip end side of both side frame plates, and a large demon blade is provided there. .

(Example) Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on an illustrated example.

FIG. 1 shows a shovel excavator to which a front attachment according to an embodiment of the present invention is attached. This excavator 1
Is a boom 3 operated by the boom cylinder 2
Is attached to the front of the boom 3, and an arm 5 that is pivotally operated by the arm cylinder 4 so as to approach and separate from the excavator 1 is attached to the tip of the boom 3. At the tip of this arm 5, a bucket cylinder 6
Is mounted.
In this embodiment, the bucket 7 is applied to a backhoe type.

As shown in FIG. 2, the bucket body 8 of the bucket 7 has bucket mounting plates 9, 9 projecting from the left and right sides of the back surface thereof.
10a and 10b are provided above and below.

The upper bosses 10a, 10a are mounted using a pivot shaft pin 11 so that the tip of the arm 5 is sandwiched therebetween. The lower bosses 10b, 10b are provided with swinging members provided at the ends of the bucket cylinder 6. Rotating shaft support pin so that the tip of moving rod 12 is sandwiched
Mounted using 13. This allows bucket 7
Is operated to rotate up and down around the pivot shaft support pin 11 at the tip of the arm 5 by operating the bucket cylinder 6.

A U-shaped gripping arm 14 that meshes with the opening edge 8A is rotatably attached to the bucket body 8 by left and right hinge pins 15 near the mounting plate 9. Third
The figure shows a state in which the grip arm 14 is opened.

A plurality of lower blades 16 are formed at both ends of the opening edge 8A of the bucket body 8 with which the gripping arm 14 is engaged.

In addition, a plurality of upper blades 17 are formed to protrude downward on both side edges of the gripping arm 14 that meshes outward with both side edges of the opening edge 8A. The upper blade 17 and the lower blade 16, which are gripping blades meshing with each other, protrude like a fishhook toward the rear side of the bucket, as shown in FIG. 16 is designed to prevent bite mistakes. In particular, the upper blade 17 on the tip side of the gripping arm 14
Is a so-called onion blade 18, which can reliably hold the object to be clamped.

Further, a lower blade 19 and an upper blade 20 formed by cutting in a wavy shape as shown in FIG. 5 are also provided at the front edge where the opening edge 8A of the bucket body 8 and the gripping arm 14 meet. The sandwiched material can be inserted.

Also, a plurality of claws 21 for excavation work are protrudingly provided at the tip end of the gripping arm 14. When the gripping arm 14 is closed, when the excavation work using the bucket 7 is performed, the claws 21 are used to peel off soil. And other operations can be performed.

 Next, the opening and closing mechanism of the gripping arm 14 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 4 to FIG.
The left and right hydraulic cylinders 24,22 disposed in the bucket body 8 are provided between the left and right protruding pieces 22,22 and the support plates 23,23. The ends of the 24 drive shafts 24A, 24A are rotatably mounted using pivot pins 25, 25. The support plates 23, 2
3 is fixed to the protruding pieces 22, 22, respectively, by welding or the like.
The other ends of the left and right hydraulic cylinders 24, 24 are fixed to holding plates 26, 26 projecting toward the bottom front of the bucket body 8, respectively. The hydraulic cylinders 24, 24 are protected by a cover plate 27 so that soil and the like do not fall on the drive shafts 24A, 24A during excavation work. Reference numerals 28, 28 in FIG. 6 denote holding plates for floating the cover plate 27.

These hydraulic cylinders 24, 24 are connected to a hydraulic hose 29 shown in FIG.

In the opening and closing mechanism, when the drive shafts 24A, 24A are pulled into the cylinders 24, 24 by operating the hydraulic cylinders 24, 24, the gripping arm 14 is opened around the hinge pin 15 as a fulcrum as shown in FIG. 24 to drive shaft 24A, 24A
Is pushed out, the gripping arm 14 is closed.

FIG. 7 is a hydraulic circuit diagram showing a boom cylinder 2, an arm cylinder 4, a bucket cylinder 6, and a gripping arm.
14 The hydraulic cylinder 24 for opening and closing includes operating rods 30A, 31A, 32A,
They are connected to hydraulic control valves 30, 31, 32, and 33 provided with 33A, respectively. The inlet sides of the hydraulic control valves 30, 31, 32, and 33 are connected to a discharge port of the hydraulic pump, and the outlet sides are connected to a suction port of the hydraulic pump through a hydraulic oil tank. The hydraulic pump 34 is driven by an engine mounted on the excavator 1.

By operating the operating rods 30A, 31A, 32A, and 33A, the cylinders 2, 4, 6, and 24 are individually driven and controlled, and the boom 3 is raised and lowered, the arm 5 is rotated, the bucket 7 is rotated, and the grip is held. The opening and closing of the arm 14 is operated.

As described above, in the front attachment described above, excavation work such as earth and sand can be performed by the bucket 7 by closing the gripping arm 14, and rocking, wood, industrial waste, and the like can be grasped by opening and closing the gripping arm 14. Lifting work can be performed. Excavation work and pick-up work can be performed by one unit, so that work efficiency can be improved.

(Effects of the Invention) The front attachment according to the present invention described above has the following effects.

According to the first aspect of the present invention, when the gripping arm is closed to the opening edge side of the bucket body to perform the excavation work by the bucket, the frame plates on both sides of the gripping arm restrain the bucket body from both sides; The upper blade provided on the inner edge of the plate meshes with and contacts the lower blade provided on the opening edge on the tip end side of the bucket body in an aligned state, thereby stopping the movement of the gripping arm in the left-right direction. Therefore, a strong connection without twisting is maintained.

Further, a configuration in which the front end frame plate meshed in the aligned state is connected to the front end side opening edge of the bucket body in a continuous joining state without a step, and the front end frame plate extends along the front end side extension line of the bucket main body. By projecting forward of the tip side opening edge in the inclined state, it is possible to prevent clogging of debris excavated between the tip side of the bucket body and the tip frame plate of the gripping arm when performing excavation work. The opening / closing operation of the gripping arm when performing the gripping operation is not hindered, and excellent excavation work and ground leveling work can be performed as in the case of the dedicated bucket.

Further, the tip frame plate in which the upper blade and the lower blade of the tip side are engaged in the aligned state as described above is configured to protrude forward of the tip side opening edge in an inclined state along an extension of the tip side of the bucket body. Then, when the gripping arm is opened and closed to perform the gripping operation, the tip frame plate provided with the upper blade is rotated toward the leading edge side opening edge of the bucket body provided with the lower blade so as to hold the held object. Therefore, when the object to be clamped can be firmly gripped by the upper blade and the lower blade on the distal side without escaping to the outside, and if the upper blade and the lower blade on the distal side cannot grip the object sufficiently. However, it can be moved in the bucket body and gripped by the upper blade and the lower blade on both sides.

According to the second aspect of the present invention, the base end side of the gripping arm is pivotally attached to the inner surface side of both opening edges of the bucket body, and both side plates provided with both upper blades are arranged along the outer surface sides of both opening edges of the bucket body. With this configuration, the torsion of the gripping arm is further reduced, and the holding force of the lower blade and the upper blade on both sides of the gripping object and the opening and closing performance of the gripping arm can be improved. it can.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, the distal end sides of both side frames of the gripping arm are formed so as to have a large height dimension at both ends on the distal end side of the bucket body, and a large blade-shaped demon blade is provided there.
When the gripping arm is closed, the misalignment between the lower blade and the upper blade due to the torsion is automatically corrected, and the holding force of the lower blade and the upper blade with respect to the object to be held increases.

Thus, in the front attachment of the present invention, sorting of industrial waste, demolition of buildings, civil engineering work sites, etc.,
Excavation work and grasping work can be effectively performed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view of a shovel excavator having a front attachment according to one embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the front attachment, and FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the front attachment with a gripping arm opened. Fig. 4 is a side view of the front attachment, Fig. 5 is a plan view of the front attachment, Fig. 6 is a front view of the front attachment, and Fig. 7 is a hydraulic circuit diagram. [Description of Signs] 1 ... Excavator 5 ... Arm 6 ... Arm Cylinder 7 ... Bucket 8 ... Bucket Body 14 ... Grip Arm 15 ... Hinge Pin 16,19 ... Lower Blade 17,20 ... Upper Blade 21 ... Claw 22 ... Protrusion piece 24 ... Hydraulic cylinder 30,31,32,33 ... Hydraulic control valve 34 ... Hydraulic pump 35 ... Hydraulic oil tank

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A bucket body pivotally operated by a hydraulic cylinder attached to an end of an arm of a shovel excavator, a frame-shaped gripping arm pivotally connected to a base end of the bucket body,
A cylinder having one end attached to the bucket body side and the other end attached to the gripping arm side to open and close the gripping arm to the opening edge of the bucket body by expansion and contraction operation, the opening edge of the bucket body and the inner end of the gripping arm An edge is provided with an uneven lower blade and an upper blade respectively, and excavation work is performed by a bucket in a state where the gripping arm is closed, and a gripping operation is performed by opening and closing the gripping arm. The two-sided frame plate and the inclined front end frame plate connecting the two-sided frame plate have a substantially U-shaped planar shape, and the two-sided frame plate is closed when the upper blade provided on the inner edge is closed. The bucket body is disposed in an inconsistent state so as to overlap the outer side of the lower blade provided on the opening edge on both sides of the bucket body. When the upper blade provided on the edge is closed, the lower blade provided on the front end opening edge of the bucket body is arranged in an aligned state so as to mesh with and contact with the lower blade. The tip frame plate is disposed so as to protrude forward of the distal opening edge in an inclined state along the side extension line, and when the gripping arm is closed, the distal end frame plate is continuous with no step in front of the distal opening edge of the bucket body. A front attachment of a shovel type excavator, wherein the excavator blades are provided so as to protrude from an outer edge of the end frame plate of the gripping arm. 2. The gripping arm according to claim 1, wherein a base end side of each of the side frame plates is pivotally connected to an inner surface of an opening edge on both sides of the bucket body, and a portion formed with an upper blade of the both side frame plates is provided on the bucket body. 2. The battery according to claim 1, wherein the first and second openings extend along outer surfaces of the opening edges.
Excavator front attachment described in 1. 3. The excavator excavator according to claim 1, wherein the gripping arm has a large height dimension formed at the tip end of the frame plates on both sides, and a large demon blade is provided thereat. Front attachment.