JP2646444B2 - Image heating fixing device - Google Patents
Image heating fixing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- JP2646444B2 JP2646444B2 JP63313273A JP31327388A JP2646444B2 JP 2646444 B2 JP2646444 B2 JP 2646444B2 JP 63313273 A JP63313273 A JP 63313273A JP 31327388 A JP31327388 A JP 31327388A JP 2646444 B2 JP2646444 B2 JP 2646444B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- heating element
- fixing
- film
- image
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は、複写機・レーザビームのプリンタ・ファク
シミリ・マイクロフィルムリーダプリンタ・画像表示
（ディスプレイ）装置・記録機等の画像形成装置に組み
込む画像加熱定着装置に関する。更に詳しくは、電子写
真・静電記録・磁気記録等の適宜の画像形成プロセス手
段により加熱溶融性の樹脂等より成る顕画材（以下トナ
ーと記す）を用いて記録材（エレクトロファックスシー
ト・静電記録シート・転写材シート・印刷紙など）の面
に直接方式もしくは間接（転写）方式で目的の画像情報
に対応した未定着の顕画像（以下トナー画像と記す）を
形成担持させ、該未定着のトナー画像を該画像を担持し
ている記録材面に永久固着画像として加熱定着処理する
画像形成装置における画像加熱定着装置関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention relates to an image incorporated in an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a laser beam printer, a facsimile, a microfilm reader printer, an image display (display) device, and a recorder. The present invention relates to a heat fixing device. More specifically, a recording material (electrofax sheet / electrostatic sheet / electrostatic sheet) is formed using a visible material (hereinafter referred to as a toner) made of a heat-meltable resin or the like by an appropriate image forming process means such as electrophotography, electrostatic recording, or magnetic recording. A non-fixed visible image (hereinafter, referred to as a toner image) corresponding to the target image information is formed and supported on a surface of a recording sheet, a transfer material sheet, a printing paper, or the like by a direct method or an indirect (transfer) method. The present invention relates to an image heating and fixing apparatus in an image forming apparatus for performing heat fixing processing of a toner image as a permanent fixed image on a surface of a recording material carrying the image.
（従来の技術） 従来、加熱定着式の画像定着装置としては、所定の温
度に維持された加熱ローラと、弾性層を有して該加熱ロ
ーラに圧接する加圧ローラとによって、未定着のトナー
画像が形成された記録材を挟持搬送しつつ加熱するロー
ラ定着方式が多用されている。2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as an image fixing apparatus of a heat fixing type, an unfixed toner is formed by a heating roller maintained at a predetermined temperature and a pressure roller having an elastic layer and pressing against the heating roller. A roller fixing system in which a recording material on which an image is formed is heated while being nipped and conveyed is often used.
又米国特許第3,578,797号明細書に開示のようなベル
ト定着方式も知られている。これは トナー像を加熱体ウエブに接触させてその融点へ加熱
して溶融し、 溶融後、そのトナーを冷却して比較的高い粘性とし、 トナーの付着する傾向を弱めた状態で加熱体ウェブか
ら剥す、 という過程を経ることによって、オフセットを生ぜずに
定着する方式である。A belt fixing system as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,578,797 is also known. This is done by bringing the toner image into contact with the heating element web and heating it to its melting point to melt it.After melting, the toner is cooled to a relatively high viscosity, and the toner image is removed from the heating element web in a state where the tendency to adhere to the toner is reduced. It is a method of fixing without causing offset by going through the process of peeling.
また、特公昭51−29825号公報には、一対の加熱体の
間に、トナー粉像の形成された支持体を加圧挟持させ、
これを粉像の融点以上の状態に加熱し、トナー粉像を溶
解し、その後加熱を停止してこれを強制的に冷却し、ト
ナー粉像がガラス転移点以下の状態になったとき、これ
を加熱体から引き剥すようにした電子写真の定着方式が
開示されている。Further, Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-29825 discloses that a support on which a toner powder image is formed is sandwiched between a pair of heating bodies under pressure.
This is heated to a temperature higher than the melting point of the powder image to dissolve the toner powder image. Thereafter, the heating is stopped and this is forcibly cooled. Is disclosed in which an electrophotographic fixing method is used in which an image is peeled off from a heating member.
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） しかしながら上記従来の定着方式の何れも次のような
問題点があった。(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, each of the above-mentioned conventional fixing systems has the following problems.
熱ロール定着方式 所定温度に立ち上がるまでにかなり時間がかかり、そ
の間は画像形成作動禁止の時間となる。即ち所謂ウエイ
トタイムがある。Thermal roll fixing method It takes a considerable time to rise to a predetermined temperature, during which time the image forming operation is prohibited. That is, there is a so-called wait time.
熱容量が必要な為大きな電力が必要である。Large electric power is required because heat capacity is required.
回転ローラでローラ温度が高温の為に耐熱性特殊軸受
けが必要。A high heat-resistant roller bearing requires a heat-resistant special bearing.
ローラに直接手が触れる構成となり、危険があった
り、保護部材が必要。The configuration is such that the roller touches the roller directly, which is dangerous and requires a protective member.
ローラの定温度及び曲率により記録材がローラに巻き
付き記録材のジャム（Jam）トラブルをみやすい。The recording material is wrapped around the roller due to the constant temperature and the curvature of the roller, so that a jam problem of the recording material is easily observed.
ベルト定着方式 この方式の場合も上記熱ローラ定着方式の項や項
と同様のウエイトタイム、大電力消費等の問題がある。Belt fixing method This method also has the same problems as those of the above-described heat roller fixing method, such as the wait time and large power consumption.
特公昭51−29825号公報の定着方式 トナー画像がガラス転移点以下になったときベルトか
らトナー画像を分離するため、トナーをベルトから分離
する際にトナーはゴム状態を全くうしなっているため、
トナー画像の表面性がベルトの表面にならい、定着トナ
ー画像表面が光沢を帯び、画質が劣化する。Fixing method of Japanese Patent Publication No. 51-29825 In order to separate the toner image from the belt when the toner image falls below the glass transition point, when the toner is separated from the belt, the toner is completely rubbery.
The surface property of the toner image is similar to the surface of the belt, and the surface of the fixed toner image becomes glossy and the image quality deteriorates.
また、トナーの材料としてガラス転移点が０℃以下の
ワックスを用いた場合、実際上はガラス転移点以下にト
ナーを冷却することは困難である。Further, when a wax having a glass transition point of 0 ° C. or lower is used as a material of the toner, it is practically difficult to cool the toner to a temperature lower than the glass transition point.
また、トナーをガラス転移点以下に冷却すると、トナ
ー画像自体は固化し結合力が増大する一方、トナーとベ
ルトの間の接着力も増加する。そのため トナーとベルトを分離する際にベルト面に残留するト
ナーも多い。Further, when the toner is cooled below the glass transition point, the toner image itself solidifies and the bonding force increases, while the adhesive force between the toner and the belt also increases. Therefore, much toner remains on the belt surface when the toner and the belt are separated.
ベルト面へ支持体が巻き付く恐れがあり、それを防止
するために分離部材を設ける必要がある場合がある。There is a possibility that the support may be wound around the belt surface, and it may be necessary to provide a separating member in order to prevent this.
等という欠点がある。And so on.
本発明は上記に鑑みて上述の従来装置のような問題点
のない実用性のある画像加熱定着装置を提供することを
目的とする。In view of the above, it is an object of the present invention to provide a practical image heating and fixing apparatus which does not have the problems as in the above-described conventional apparatus.
（問題点を解決するための手段） 本発明は、発熱体を備えた固定静止加熱体と、一方の
面が前記加熱体の発熱体位置及びこの加熱体の発熱体の
存在しない面に接して摺動し他方の面が記録材と接して
共に移動するフィルムと、を有し、このフィルムを介し
た前記加熱体からの熱により未定着トナー像を記録材上
に加熱定着する画像加熱定着装置において、未定着トナ
ー像は前記フィルムを介して前記加熱体の発熱体位置で
トナーの融点以上に加熱され、この加熱されたトナー像
は引き続き前記フィルムを介して前記加熱体の発熱体の
存在しない面で温度が低下され且つトナーのガラス転移
点より高温状態にある時、前記フィルムと記録材が分離
されることを特徴とする画像加熱定着装置である。(Means for Solving the Problems) According to the present invention, there is provided a stationary still heater provided with a heating element, and one surface in contact with the position of the heating element of the heating element and the surface of the heating element where the heating element does not exist. A film that slides and moves together with the other surface in contact with the recording material, and heats and fixes an unfixed toner image on the recording material by heat from the heating element via the film. Wherein the unfixed toner image is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the toner at the heating element position of the heating element via the film, and the heated toner image continues to be free of the heating element of the heating element via the film. An image heating / fixing apparatus wherein the film and the recording material are separated when the temperature is lowered on the surface and the temperature is higher than the glass transition point of the toner.
（作 用） 未定着トナー像は加熱体によりトナーの融点以上に加
熱され、この加熱されたトナー像の温度が低下し且つト
ナーのガラス転移点より高い状態にある時、前記フィル
ムと記録材を分離する構成とすることで、定着性を向上
するため未定着トナー像をトナーの融点以上に加熱して
も、フィルムと記録材の分離時はトナー像の温度が低下
しているので高温オフセットを防止することができ、ま
たその時トナー像の温度はガラス転移点より高いので画
像の光沢を防止することができる。(Operation) The unfixed toner image is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the toner by the heating element. When the temperature of the heated toner image decreases and is higher than the glass transition point of the toner, the film and the recording material are separated. Even if the unfixed toner image is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the toner in order to improve the fixing property by separating the toner, the temperature of the toner image is lowered when the film and the recording material are separated. In this case, since the temperature of the toner image is higher than the glass transition point, gloss of the image can be prevented.
即ち、搬送記録材と同一速度で同一方向に走行駆動状
態の定着フィルムと加圧部材との間に導入された画像定
着すべき記録材は、定着フィルム面に未定着トナー（顕
画材）画像担持側の面が密着して定着フィルムと一緒の
重なり状態で加熱体と加圧部材との相互圧接部（定着ニ
ップ部）を挟圧力を受けつつ互いに速度差による面ズレ
を生じたり、しわ寄ったりすることなく一体的に重なり
密着して通過していく。That is, the recording material to be fixed between the pressure film and the fixing film which is driven in the same direction at the same speed as the conveyed recording material to be fixed is an unfixed toner (developing material) image carrier on the fixing film surface. The sides of the heating element and the pressing member receive a pressing force (fixing nip) in a state of being in close contact with the fixing film in a state of being in close contact with each other, causing a surface deviation or wrinkling due to a speed difference therebetween. Without passing through, it passes through closely together.
この定着ニップ部通過過程で記録材面の未定着トナー
画像が定着フィルムを介して加熱体によって加熱軟化・
溶融され、特に、その表層部はトナー融点を大きく上回
り完全に軟化・溶融（高温溶融）する。この場合定着ニ
ップ部において加熱体・定着フィルム・トナー画像・記
録材は加圧部材によって良好に押圧密着されて効果的に
熱伝達されることにより、短い時間の加熱によってトナ
ーは十分に軟化・溶融されて良好な定着性が得られる。
一方記録材自体の昇温は実際上極めて小さく熱エネルギ
ーの無駄が少ない。つまり実質的に記録材自体は加熱せ
ず、トナーのみを効果的に加熱軟化・溶融して低電力で
トナー画像の加熱定着を良好に実行できる。In the process of passing through the fixing nip, the unfixed toner image on the recording material surface is heated and softened by a heating element via a fixing film.
It is melted, and particularly its surface layer greatly exceeds the melting point of the toner and is completely softened and melted (melted at a high temperature). In this case, the heating element, the fixing film, the toner image, and the recording material are satisfactorily pressed and adhered by the pressing member in the fixing nip portion, and the heat is effectively transferred, so that the toner is sufficiently softened and melted by heating for a short time. As a result, good fixability can be obtained.
On the other hand, the temperature rise of the recording material itself is extremely small in practice, and the waste of heat energy is small. In other words, the recording material itself is not heated substantially, and only the toner is heated and softened and melted effectively, and the heat fixing of the toner image can be satisfactorily executed with low power.
そして定着ニップ部を記録材が通過して加熱定着され
た顕画像たるトナー画像のトナー（顕画材）の温度が低
下し且つ未だ該トナーのガラス転移点より高温の状態に
ある間に記録材と定着フィルムとを相互に分離させるこ
とにより、この分離時点では未だガラス転移点より高温
の状態にあるトナーは適度なゴム特性を有するので分離
時のトナー画像表面は定着フィルム表面にならうことな
く適度な凹凸表面性を有したものとなり、その表面性が
保たれたまま冷却固化するので定着済みのトナー画像面
には過度の画像光沢が発生しない。又加熱定着トナー画
像が未だガラス転移点より高温の状態にある間では密着
状態の該トナー画像表面と定着フィルム面との結合力
（接着力）は、定着フィルム面に密着させてガラス転移
点以下に冷却固化状態に至らせた該固化トナー画像表面
と定着フィルム面との結合力よりも小さい。そのため記
録材と定着フィルムとの相互分離過程での定着フィルム
面へのトナーオフセットをほとんど発生せず、又分離位
置での記録材と定着フィルムの分離性もよく分離不良で
定着フィルム面に記録材が巻き付いてジャムトラブルを
生じるおそれもなくなる。Then, while the temperature of the toner (developing material) of the toner image, which is a visualized image that has been heated and fixed by passing the recording material through the fixing nip portion, is lowered and the temperature is still higher than the glass transition point of the toner, the recording material is By separating the fixing film from the fixing film, the toner that is still at a temperature higher than the glass transition point at the time of separation has appropriate rubber properties, so the toner image surface at the time of separation does not follow the fixing film surface, Since the toner image is cooled and solidified while maintaining the surface property, no excessive image gloss is generated on the fixed toner image surface. Also, while the heat-fixed toner image is still at a temperature higher than the glass transition point, the bonding strength (adhesion) between the toner image surface and the fixing film surface in a close contact state is equal to or lower than the glass transition point when the toner image is adhered to the fixing film surface. It is smaller than the bonding force between the surface of the solidified toner image and the surface of the fixing film which have been cooled and solidified. As a result, there is almost no toner offset to the fixing film surface during the mutual separation process between the recording material and the fixing film. Is not liable to cause jam trouble.
加熱定着トナー画像が未だガラス転移点より高温の状
態にある間で定着フィルム面から分離された記録材の加
熱定着トナー画像は該分離記録材が排出部へ搬送移動し
ていく間に冷却（自然冷却、又は送風や放熱フィン等を
利用した強制冷却手段を用いてもよい）して固化状態に
なって排出部へ出力される。While the heat-fixed toner image is still at a temperature higher than the glass transition point, the heat-fixed toner image of the recording material separated from the fixing film surface is cooled while the separated recording material is conveyed to the discharge section (naturally). Cooling or forced cooling means using air blowing, heat radiation fins, or the like may be used), and the solidified state is output to the discharge unit.
かくして走行する定着フィルム面に未定着トナー画像
担持面が面するように画像定着すべき記録材を定着フィ
ルムに密着走行せしめ、該定着フィルムを介して加熱体
によりトナー画像を加熱溶融せしめ、そのトナー画像が
未だトナーのガラス転移点より高温の状態にある間に記
録材と定着フィルムとを離反させているので定着フィル
ムに対するトナーオフセットや記録材の分離不良・巻き
付きを発生することがなく、かつ熱容量の小さい発熱体
を用い、その発熱体への給電を簡素な構成のもとに行な
うことが可能となり、定着するためにトナーを昇温させ
るべき温度（融点または軟化点）に対して、十分に高い
温度の加熱体を維持することによってトナー画像を効率
的に加熱することが可能となり、少ないエネルギーで定
着不良のない十分良好な定着が可能となり、その結果、
装置使用時の待機時間や、消費電力、さらには機内昇温
の小さな画像形成装置を得るという効果を奏する。The recording material to be image-fixed is brought into close contact with the fixing film so that the unfixed toner image carrying surface faces the fixing film surface running in this way, and the toner image is heated and melted by a heating element through the fixing film, and the toner is used. Since the recording material and the fixing film are separated from each other while the image is still at a temperature higher than the glass transition point of the toner, there is no occurrence of toner offset to the fixing film, poor separation of the recording material, winding, and heat capacity. It is possible to use a small heating element and supply power to the heating element with a simple configuration, and it is sufficient for the temperature (melting point or softening point) at which the toner should be heated for fixing. Maintaining a high-temperature heating element makes it possible to efficiently heat a toner image, and it is possible to use a small amount of energy without causing a fixing defect. Do not fixing it is possible, as a result,
This has the effect of obtaining an image forming apparatus with a small standby time during use of the apparatus, low power consumption, and a small rise in temperature inside the apparatus.
（実施例） 〈実施例１〉（第１〜４図） 第４図は本発明に従う画像加熱定着装置11を組み込ん
だ画像形成装置の一例の概略構成を示している。本例の
画像形成装置は原稿台往復動型・回転ドラム型・転写式
の電子写真複写装置である。(Embodiment) <Embodiment 1> (FIGS. 1 to 4) FIG. 4 shows a schematic configuration of an example of an image forming apparatus incorporating an image heating and fixing device 11 according to the present invention. The image forming apparatus of the present embodiment is an electrophotographic copying apparatus of a reciprocating platen type, a rotating drum type, and a transfer type.
（１）複写装置の全体的概略構成 第４図において、100は装置機筺、１は該機筺の上面
板100a上に配設したガラス板等の透明板部材よりなる往
復動型の原稿載置台であり、機筺上面板100a上を図面上
右方ａ、左方ａ′に夫々所定の速度で往復移動駆動され
る。(1) Overall Schematic Configuration of Copying Apparatus In FIG. 4, reference numeral 100 denotes an apparatus housing, and 1 denotes a reciprocating original mounting plate made of a transparent plate member such as a glass plate disposed on a top plate 100a of the apparatus housing. It is a mounting table, and is reciprocally driven on the upper surface plate 100a of the machine at a predetermined speed to the right side a and the left side a 'in the drawing.
Ｇは原稿であり、複写すべき画像面側を下向きにして
原稿載置台１の上面に所定の載置基準に従って載置し、
その上に原稿圧着板1aをかぶせて押え込むことによりセ
ットされる。G is an original, which is placed on the upper surface of the original placing table 1 with the image side to be copied facing downward according to a predetermined placing reference;
The original is set by placing the original cover 1a on top of the cover.
100bは機筺上面板100a面に原稿載置台１の往復移動方
向とは直角の方向（紙面に垂直の方向）を長手として開
口された原稿照明部としてのスリット開口部である。原
稿載置台１上に載置セットした原稿Ｇの下向き画像面は
原稿載置台１の右方ａへの往動移動過程で右辺側から左
辺側にかけて順次にスリット開口部100bの位置を通過し
ていき、その通過過程でランプ７の光Ｌをスリット開口
部100b、透明な原稿載置台１を通して受けて照明走査さ
れる。その照明走査光の原稿面反射光が短焦点小径結像
素子アレイ２によって感光ドラム３面に結像露光され
る。Reference numeral 100b denotes a slit opening serving as a document illuminating unit which is opened on a surface of the machine housing upper plate 100a with a direction perpendicular to the reciprocating movement direction of the document placing table 1 (direction perpendicular to the paper surface) as a longitudinal direction. The downward image surface of the document G placed and set on the document table 1 sequentially passes through the position of the slit opening 100b from the right side to the left side during the forward movement of the document table 1 to the right side a. During the passage, the light L of the lamp 7 is received through the slit opening 100b and the transparent document table 1 for illumination scanning. The reflected light of the illumination scanning light on the document surface is image-formed and exposed on the surface of the photosensitive drum 3 by the short-focus small-diameter imaging element array 2.
感光ドラム３は例えば酸化亜鉛感光層・有機半導体感
光層等の感光層が被覆処理され、中心支軸3aを中心に所
定の周速度で矢示ｂの時計方向に回転駆動され、その回
転過程で帯電器４により正極性又は負極性の一様な帯電
処理を受け、その一様帯電面に前記の原稿画像の結像露
光（スリット露光）を受けることにより感光ドラム３面
には結像露光した原稿画像に対応した静電潜像が順次に
形成されていく。The photosensitive drum 3 is coated with a photosensitive layer such as a zinc oxide photosensitive layer or an organic semiconductor photosensitive layer, and is driven to rotate clockwise as indicated by an arrow b at a predetermined peripheral speed around a center support shaft 3a. The charger 4 was subjected to a uniform charging process of positive or negative polarity, and the uniformly charged surface was subjected to the image forming exposure (slit exposure) of the original image to form an image on the surface of the photosensitive drum 3. An electrostatic latent image corresponding to a document image is sequentially formed.
この静電潜像は現像器５により加熱で軟化溶融する樹
脂等より成るトナーにて順次に顕像化され、該顕像たる
トナー画像が転写部としての転写放電器８の配設部位へ
移行していく。The electrostatic latent image is sequentially visualized by a toner made of a resin or the like which is softened and melted by heating by the developing device 5, and the developed toner image is transferred to a portion where the transfer discharger 8 as a transfer portion is provided. I will do it.
Ｓは記録材としての転写材シートＰを積載収納したカ
セットであり、該カセット内のシートが給送ローラ６の
回転により１枚宛繰出し給送され、次いでレジストロー
ラ９により、ドラム３上のトナー画像形成部の先端が転
写放電器８の部位に到達したとき転写材シートＰの先端
も転写放電器８と感光ドラム３との間位置に丁度到達し
て両者一致するようにタイミングどりされて同期給送さ
れる。そしてその給送シートの面に対して転写放電器８
により感光ドラム３側のトナー画像が順次に転写されて
いく。S denotes a cassette in which transfer material sheets P as recording materials are stacked and stored, and the sheets in the cassette are fed one by one by the rotation of the feed roller 6, and then the toner on the drum 3 is moved by the registration roller 9. When the leading end of the image forming section reaches the transfer discharger 8, the leading end of the transfer material sheet P also reaches the position between the transfer discharger 8 and the photosensitive drum 3, and the timing is synchronized so that they coincide with each other. Will be fed. Then, the transfer discharger 8 is applied to the surface of the sheet.
As a result, the toner image on the photosensitive drum 3 side is sequentially transferred.
転写部でトナー画像転写を受けたシートは不図示の分
離手段で感光ドラム３面から順次に分離されて搬送装置
10によって後述する定着装置11に導かれて担持している
未定着トナー画像の加熱定着処理を受け、画像形成物
（コピー）として機外の排紙トレイ12上に排出される。The sheet to which the toner image has been transferred in the transfer unit is sequentially separated from the surface of the photosensitive drum 3 by a separation unit (not shown),
The unfixed toner image carried by the fixing device 11 described below is heated and fixed by 10 and is subjected to a heat fixing process, and is discharged onto a paper output tray 12 outside the apparatus as an image formed product (copy).
一方、トナー画像転写後の感光ドラム３の面はクリー
ニング装置13により転写残りトナー等の付着汚染物の除
去を受けて繰り返して画像形成に使用される。On the other hand, the surface of the photosensitive drum 3 after the transfer of the toner image is repeatedly used for image formation by receiving the removal of adhered contaminants such as untransferred toner by the cleaning device 13.
（２）定着装置11 第１図は定着装置11部分の拡大図である。(2) Fixing Device 11 FIG. 1 is an enlarged view of the fixing device 11 part.
25はエンドレスベルト状の定着フィルムであり、左側
の駆動ローラ26と、右側の従動ローラ27と、この両ロー
ラ26・27間の下方に固定支持させて配設した加熱体とし
ての低熱容量線状加熱体20との、互いに並行な該３部材
26・27・20間に懸回張設してある。Reference numeral 25 denotes an endless belt-shaped fixing film, which is a left driving roller 26, a right driven roller 27, and a low heat capacity linear member as a heating member fixedly supported and disposed below the two rollers 26, 27. The three members parallel to each other with the heating element 20
It is stretched between 26, 27 and 20.
従動ローラ27はエンドレスベルト状の定着フィルム25
のテンションローラを兼ねさせてあり、該定着フィルム
25は駆動ローラ26の時計方向回転駆動に伴ない時計方向
に所定の周速度、即ち画像形成部８側から搬送されてく
る未定着トナー画像Taを上面に担持した転写材シートＰ
の搬送速度と同じ周速度をもってシワや蛇行、速度遅れ
なく回動駆動される。The driven roller 27 is an endless belt-shaped fixing film 25.
The fixing film
Reference numeral 25 denotes a transfer material sheet P carrying an unfixed toner image Ta conveyed from the image forming unit 8 on the upper surface at a predetermined peripheral speed in the clockwise direction accompanying the clockwise rotation of the drive roller 26.
Is rotated at wrinkles, meanders, and speed delays at the same peripheral speed as the transport speed of.
28は加圧部材としての、シリコンゴム等の離型性の良
いゴム弾性層を有する加圧ローラであり、前記のエンド
レスベルト状定着フィルム25の下行側フィルム部分を挟
ませて前記加熱体20の下面に対して不図示の付勢手段に
より例えば総圧４〜7kgの当圧接をもって対向圧接させ
てあり、転写材シートＰの搬送方向に順方向の反時計方
向に回転する。Reference numeral 28 denotes a pressure roller having a rubber elastic layer having good releasability, such as silicon rubber, as a pressure member, and sandwiching the descending film portion of the endless belt-shaped fixing film 25 to form the heating element 20. The transfer material sheet P is rotated counterclockwise in the forward direction in the transport direction of the transfer material sheet P by being pressed against the lower surface by a biasing means (not shown) with a contact pressure of, for example, a total pressure of 4 to 7 kg.
回動駆動されるエンドレスベルト状の定着フィルム25
は繰返してトナー画像の加熱定着に供されるから、耐熱
性・離型性・耐久性に優れ、又一般的には100μｍ以
下、好ましくは50μｍ以下の薄肉のものを使用する。例
えばポリイミド・ポリエーテルイミド・PES・PFA（４フ
ッ化エチレン−パーフルオロアルキルビニルエーテル共
重合体樹脂）などの耐熱樹脂の単層フィルム、或は複合
層フィルム例えば20μｍ厚フィルムの少なくとも画像当
接面側にPTFE（４フッ化エチレン樹脂）・PAF等のフッ
素樹脂に導電材を添加した離型性コート層を10μｍ厚に
施こしたものなどである。Endless belt-shaped fixing film 25 that is driven to rotate
Is repeatedly used for heating and fixing the toner image, so that a thin material having excellent heat resistance, releasability and durability and having a thickness of generally 100 μm or less, preferably 50 μm or less is used. For example, a single-layer film of a heat-resistant resin such as polyimide, polyetherimide, PES, or PFA (tetrafluoroethylene-perfluoroalkylvinyl ether copolymer resin) or a composite layer film, for example, at least the image contact surface side of a 20 μm thick film And a 10 μm-thick release coating layer obtained by adding a conductive material to a fluororesin such as PTFE (tetrafluoroethylene resin) and PAF.
加熱体としての低熱容量線状加熱体20は本例のもの
は、定着フィルム横断方向（定着フィルム25の走行方向
に直角な方向）を長手とする横長の剛性・高耐熱性・断
熱性を有するヒータ支持体24と、この支持体の下面側に
下面長手に沿って一体に取付け保持させた、発熱体22・
検温素子23等を具備させたヒータ基板21を有してなる。The low-heat-capacity linear heating element 20 as a heating element according to the present example has a horizontally long rigidity, high heat resistance, and heat insulating property whose longitudinal direction is the transverse direction of the fixing film (the direction perpendicular to the running direction of the fixing film 25). A heater support 24, and a heating element 22 which is integrally attached to and held on the lower surface side of the support along the length of the lower surface.
It has a heater substrate 21 provided with a temperature detecting element 23 and the like.
ヒータ支持体24は加熱体20の全体の強度を確保するも
ので、例えばPPS（ポリフェニレンサルファイド）、PAI
（ポリアミドイミド）、PI（ポリイミド）、PEEK（ポリ
エーテルエーテルケトン）、液晶ポリマー等の高耐熱性
樹脂や、これらの樹脂とセラミックス金属・ガラス等と
の複合材料などで構成できる。The heater support 24 secures the overall strength of the heating body 20, and is, for example, PPS (polyphenylene sulfide), PAI
(Polyamide imide), PI (polyimide), PEEK (polyetheretherketone), high-heat-resistant resin such as liquid crystal polymer, or a composite material of such a resin and ceramic metal or glass.
ヒータ基板21は一例として厚み1.0mm・巾10mm・長さ2
40mmのアルミナ基板であり、発熱体22は一例として基板
21の下面の略中央部分に長手に沿って例えばTa2Nの等の
電気抵抗材料を巾1.0mmに塗工（スクリーン印刷等）し
て具備させた線状もしくは帯状の低熱容量の通電発熱体
であり、検温素子23は一例として基板21の上面（発熱体
22を設けた側とは反対側の面）の略中央部分に長手に沿
って塗工（スクリーン印刷等）して具備させたPt膜等の
低熱容量の測温抵抗体である。The heater substrate 21 has a thickness of 1.0 mm, a width of 10 mm, and a length of 2 as an example.
It is a 40 mm alumina substrate, and the heating element 22 is a substrate as an example.
A linear or belt-like low-heat-capacity current-generating heating element formed by applying an electric resistance material such as Ta 2 N to a width of 1.0 mm (screen printing or the like) along the length substantially in the center of the lower surface of 21. The temperature measuring element 23 is, for example, an upper surface of the substrate 21 (a heating element).
This is a low-heat-capacity resistance thermometer, such as a Pt film, provided by coating (screen printing, etc.) along the length substantially at the center of the surface opposite to the side where 22 is provided.
本例の場合は上記の線状もしくは帯状の発熱体22に対
してその長手両端部より通電して発熱体22を全長にわた
って発熱させる。通電はDC100Vの周期20msecのパルス状
波形で、検温素子23によりコントロールされた所望の温
度、エネルギ放出量に応じたパルスをそのパルス巾を変
化させて与える通電制御回路構成にしてあり、パルス巾
は略0.5〜5msecの範囲で制御され、発熱体22はパルスが
入力される都度瞬時に200〜300℃前後まで昇温する。又
本例では定着装置11よりも転写材シート搬送方向上流側
の定着装置寄りにシートの先端・後端検知センサ（不図
示）を設けてあり、該センサのシート検知信号により発
熱体22に対する通電期間をシートＰが定着装置11を通過
している必要期間だけに制御している。In the case of the present example, the linear or belt-like heating element 22 is energized from both longitudinal ends thereof to generate heat over the entire length. The energization has a pulse-shaped waveform of DC 100 V and a period of 20 msec, and a desired temperature controlled by the temperature detecting element 23.The energization control circuit is configured to give a pulse corresponding to the energy release amount by changing the pulse width. The heating element 22 is controlled within a range of about 0.5 to 5 msec, and immediately rises to about 200 to 300 ° C. every time a pulse is input. In this embodiment, a sensor for detecting the leading and trailing edges of the sheet (not shown) is provided closer to the fixing device on the upstream side of the fixing device 11 in the transfer material sheet conveyance direction, and the sensor supplies a current to the heating element 22 according to a sheet detection signal. The period is controlled only for the necessary period during which the sheet P passes through the fixing device 11.
定着フィルム25はエンドレスベルト状に限らず、第３
図例のように送り出し軸30にロール巻に巻回した有端の
定着フィルム25を加熱体20と加圧ローラ28との間を経由
させて巻取り軸31に係止させて、送り出し軸30側から巻
取り軸31側へ転写材シートＰの搬送速度と同一速度をも
って走行させる構成であってもよい。The fixing film 25 is not limited to the endless belt shape.
As shown in the figure, the end fixing film 25 wound in a roll around the feed shaft 30 is stopped by the take-up shaft 31 through the space between the heating element 20 and the pressure roller 28, and A configuration may be adopted in which the transfer material sheet P travels from the side to the winding shaft 31 at the same speed as the transport speed of the transfer material sheet P.
（３）定着実行動作 画像形成スタート信号により装置が画像形成動作して
転写部８から定着装置11へ搬送された、未定着のトナー
画像Taを上面に担持した転写材シートＰの先端が定着装
置寄りに配設した前述のセンサ（不図示）により検知さ
れると定着フィルム25の回動（又は走行）が開始され、
転写材シートＰはガイド29に案内されて加熱体20と加圧
ローラ28との圧接部Ｎ（定着ニップ部）の定着シート25
と加圧ローラ28との間に進入して、未定着トナー画像面
がシートＰの搬送速度と同一速度で同方向に面移動状態
の定着フィルム25の下面に密着して面ズレやしわ寄りを
生じることなく定着フィルム25と一緒の重なり状態で加
熱体20と加圧ローラ28との定着ニップ部Ｎを挟圧力を受
けつつ通過していく。(3) Fixing operation The leading end of the transfer material sheet P carrying the unfixed toner image Ta on the upper surface, which has been conveyed from the transfer unit 8 to the fixing device 11 by the image forming operation of the apparatus in response to the image forming start signal, is fixed to the fixing device. The rotation (or running) of the fixing film 25 is started when it is detected by the above-described sensor (not shown) disposed closer to the fixing film 25,
The transfer material sheet P is guided by a guide 29, and a fixing sheet 25 at a pressure contact portion N (fixing nip portion) between the heating body 20 and the pressure roller 28.
And the pressure roller 28, the unfixed toner image surface is brought into close contact with the lower surface of the fixing film 25 moving in the same direction at the same speed as the conveying speed of the sheet P to reduce surface deviation and wrinkling. In the overlapping state with the fixing film 25, the sheet passes through the fixing nip N between the heating element 20 and the pressure roller 28 while receiving the pinching pressure without being generated.
第２図は加熱体20と加圧ローラ28との定着ニップ部を
含む加熱体下面部分の模型的拡大断面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic enlarged sectional view of a lower surface portion of the heating body including a fixing nip portion between the heating body 20 and the pressure roller 28.
定着フィルム25が摺動走行する加熱体下面の定着フィ
ルム走行方向上流側の前縁部及び後縁部、即ち支持体24
の前縁部E1と後縁部E2を夫々曲率半径r1・r2をもって面
取り処理してあり、定着フィルム25は従動ローラ27から
上記の面取り前縁部E1に沿って滑らかに加熱体20の下面
側へ進入し、加熱体下面に密着して走行して上記面取り
後縁部E2に沿って上方へ大きな屈曲角度θでもって駆動
ローラ26側へ進路偏向する。The front edge and the rear edge of the lower surface of the heating element on which the fixing film 25 slides and travels on the upstream side in the fixing film traveling direction, that is, the support 24
Yes the leading edge E 1 and the trailing edge E 2 and chamfered with each radius of curvature r 1 · r 2, and the fixing film 25 is smoothly heated along the driven roller 27 to the chamfered leading edge E 1 enters to the lower side of the body 20, and travels in close contact with the heating body lower surface with a large bending angle θ upwardly along said chamfered trailing edge E 2 for path deflected driving roller 26 side.
ｗは加熱体下面部に設けてある発熱体22の巾寸法であ
り、発熱体22は加熱体20の下面と加圧ローラ28の上面と
の相互圧接巾領域内、即ち定着ニップ部Ｎの巾領域内に
存在している。w is the width dimension of the heating element 22 provided on the lower surface of the heating element, and the heating element 22 is within the mutual pressure contact width region between the lower surface of the heating element 20 and the upper surface of the pressure roller 28, that is, the width of the fixing nip N. Exist in the area.
定着ニップ部Ｎの巾領域の定着フィルム走行方向上流
側始端部を位置Ａ、同下流側終端部を位置Ｄ、発熱体22
の巾領域Ｗの定着フィルム走行方向上流側始端部を位置
Ｂ、同下流側終端部を位置Ｃとすると、 定着装置11へ搬送さた画像定着すべき転写材シートＰ
の未定着トナー画像Taは位置Ａから定着ニップ部Ｎに入
り定着フィルム25を介して加熱体20による加熱を受け始
める。In the width region of the fixing nip portion N, the starting point on the upstream side in the fixing film running direction is position A, the terminal end on the downstream side is position D, and the heating element 22
Assuming that the upstream end of the width region W in the fixing film traveling direction on the upstream side in the running direction is position B and the end on the downstream side in position C is the position C, the transfer material sheet P conveyed to the fixing device 11 and to which the image is to be fixed.
The unfixed toner image Ta enters the fixing nip N from the position A and starts to be heated by the heating element 20 via the fixing film 25.
位置Ｂから位置Ｃ即ち発熱体22の直下領域を通ること
によりトナーは最も高温で加熱されて完全に軟化（高温
溶融）してシートＰ面に軟化接着化Tbする。When the toner passes from the position B to the position C, that is, the area immediately below the heating element 22, the toner is heated at the highest temperature and is completely softened (melted at a high temperature) and softened and adhered to the surface of the sheet P.
この発熱体22の直下領域を通過して位置Ｃから位置Ｄ
へ至る間は加熱体20の下面温度が発熱体直下領域の位置
Ｂ・Ｃ間より低くなるのでトナーTbの温度は低下しトナ
ー粘度が増加する。しかしそのトナー温度はトナーのガ
ラス転移点よりは高温の状態にある。After passing through the area immediately below the heating element 22, the position C is shifted to the position D.
During this time, the temperature of the lower surface of the heating element 20 becomes lower than that between the positions B and C in the area immediately below the heating element, so that the temperature of the toner Tb decreases and the toner viscosity increases. However, the toner temperature is higher than the glass transition point of the toner.
定着ニップ部Ｎの終端部である位置Ｄから加熱体下面
の面取り後端部E2へ至る間はシートＰは走行定着フィル
ム25の下面に軟化トナーTbの接着力で接着している状態
で搬送される。It conveyed in a state between extending from position D which is the end portion of the fixation nip N to the heating body the lower surface of the chamfered rear end E 2 are adhering with an adhesive force of the softened toner Tb on the lower surface of the sheet P is traveling fixing film 25 Is done.
加熱体20の面取り後端部E2では定着フィルム25が小さ
い曲率半径r2の該面取り後端部E2に沿って大きな屈曲角
度θでもって駆動ローラ26側へ進路偏向する。即ちシー
トＰ面から急速に離れる方向に進路偏向し、シートＰの
剛性（腰の強さ）がシートＰの定着フィルム25面に対す
る接着力に十分に打ち勝ちこの面取り後端部E2を分離位
置としてシートＰと定着フィルム25との分離がなされ
る。Along the chamfered rear end E 2 of the chamfered rear end portion E in the second fixing film 25 is small radius of curvature r 2 of the heater 20 with a large bending angle θ to the path deflected driving roller 26 side. That is the path deflected away rapidly from the sheet P surface, the stiffness (the waist strength) of the sheet P as well overcome the separation position of this chamfered rear end E 2 in adhesion to the fixing film 25 side of the sheet P The sheet P and the fixing film 25 are separated.
この分離時点においてトナーTbの温度は未だトナーの
ガラス転移点より高温の状態にあり、従ってこの分離時
点でのシートＰと定着フィルム25との結合力（接着力）
は小さいのでシートＰは定着フィルム25面へのトナーオ
フセットをほとんど発生することなく、又分離不良で定
着フィルム25面にシートＰが接着したまま巻き付いてジ
ャムしてしまうことなく常にスムーズに分離していく。At the time of this separation, the temperature of the toner Tb is still higher than the glass transition point of the toner, and therefore, the bonding force (adhesive force) between the sheet P and the fixing film 25 at this time of separation.
Since the sheet P is small, the sheet P hardly causes toner offset to the surface of the fixing film 25, and the sheet P is always smoothly separated without being wound and jammed with the sheet P adhered to the surface of the fixing film 25 due to poor separation. Go.
そしてガラス転移点より高温の状態にあるトナーTbは
適度なゴム特性を有するので分離時のトナー画像面は定
着フィルム表面にならうことなく適度な凹凸表面性を有
したものとなり、この表面性が保たれて冷却固化するに
至るので定着済みのトナー画像面には適度の画像光沢が
発生せず高品位な画質となる。And, since the toner Tb in a state of a temperature higher than the glass transition point has an appropriate rubber property, the toner image surface at the time of separation has an appropriate uneven surface property without following the fixing film surface, and this surface property is improved. Since the toner image is maintained and cooled and solidified, a proper image gloss is not generated on the fixed toner image surface, and high quality image is obtained.
定着フィルム25と分離されたシートＰはガイド35で案
内されて排紙ローラ対36へ至る間にガラス転移点より高
温のトナーTbの温度が自然降温（自然冷却）してガラス
転移点以下の温度になって固化Tcするに至り、画像定着
済みのシートＰがトレイ12上へ出力される。The sheet P separated from the fixing film 25 is guided by the guide 35 and reaches the discharge roller pair 36. The temperature of the toner Tb higher than the glass transition point naturally lowers (natural cooling), and the temperature is lower than the glass transition point. Then, the solidified Tc is reached, and the sheet P on which the image has been fixed is output onto the tray 12.
具体的に顕画材としてのトナーが熱可塑性樹脂を主成
分とする、ガラス転移点50℃・融点130℃のものを用い
たとして、位置Ａにおける定着フィルム表面温度は110
℃、位置Ｂ・Ｃ間での同温度を150℃、位置Ｄでの同温
度を130℃、位置E2（分離位置）での同温度を100℃に設
定して良好な結果を得た。位置Ｄから位置E2までトナー
Tbの温度がトナーのガラス転移点と融点の間に保たれて
おり、トナーTbはゴム状の形態となりフィルム25との適
度な接着を可能にしている。Specifically, assuming that a toner having a glass transition point of 50 ° C. and a melting point of 130 ° C., which is mainly composed of a thermoplastic resin, is used as a developing material, the fixing film surface temperature at position A is 110
C., the same temperature between the positions B and C was set at 150 ° C., the same temperature at the position D was set at 130 ° C., and the same temperature at the position E 2 (separation position) was set at 100 ° C., and good results were obtained. Toner from position D to position E 2
The temperature of Tb is maintained between the glass transition point and the melting point of the toner, and the toner Tb is in a rubber-like form to enable appropriate adhesion to the film 25.
シート分離位置である加熱体下面の面取り後端部E2の
曲率半径r2は0.5〜10mmの範囲に設定するのがよく、好
ましくは5mm以下にするのがよい。又フィルム25の屈曲
角度θは５゜以上、好ましくは25゜以上に設定するのが
よい。The radius of curvature r 2 of the heating body the lower surface of the chamfered rear end E 2 is a sheet separating position may have to set in the range of 0.5 to 10 mm, and it is preferably to 5mm or less. The bending angle θ of the film 25 is set to 5 ° or more, preferably 25 ° or more.
本実施例においては加熱体20の線状の発熱体22は通電
により瞬時にトナーの融点（ないし定着可能温度）に対
して充分な高温に昇温するので、加熱体の予備加熱が不
要であり、非定着時における加圧ローラ28への伝熱は少
ない。又定着時においても定着フィルム・トナー画像・
シートが加熱体20と加圧ローラ28との間の定着ニップ部
Ｎに介在し、かつ発熱時間が短いことによって急激な温
度勾配が生ずる為、加圧ローラ28は昇温しにくく実用上
必要とされる程度の連続的な画像形成を行なってもその
温度はトナーの融点以下に維持される。かかる構成の本
実施例装置にあっては、シートＰ上の加熱融性のトナー
より成るトナー画像は先ず、定着フィルム25を介して加
熱体20によって加熱溶融され、特に、その表層部は完全
に軟化溶融する。この際、加圧ローラ28によって加熱体
・定着フィルム・トナー画像・シートは良好に密着され
ており、効率的に熱伝達される。これによりシートＰ自
体の加熱は極力抑えてトナー画像を効率的に加熱溶融さ
せることができ、特に、通電発熱時間を限定することに
より、省エネルギー化を図ることができる。In the present embodiment, since the linear heating element 22 of the heating element 20 is instantaneously heated to a sufficiently high temperature relative to the melting point (or fixable temperature) of the toner by energization, it is not necessary to preheat the heating element. The heat transfer to the pressure roller 28 during non-fixing is small. Also at the time of fixing, fixing film, toner image,
Since the sheet is interposed in the fixing nip portion N between the heating body 20 and the pressure roller 28 and the heat generation time is short, a sharp temperature gradient is generated. The temperature is maintained below the melting point of the toner even when continuous image formation is performed to the extent required. In the apparatus of this embodiment having such a configuration, the toner image formed of the heat-fusible toner on the sheet P is first heated and melted by the heating body 20 via the fixing film 25, and particularly, the surface portion thereof is completely removed. Softens and melts. At this time, the heating element, the fixing film, the toner image, and the sheet are in good contact with each other by the pressure roller 28, and heat is efficiently transferred. Thereby, the heating of the sheet P itself can be suppressed as much as possible, and the toner image can be efficiently heated and melted. In particular, the energy saving can be achieved by limiting the heating time.
加熱体は小型もので十分であり、そのため熱容量が小
さくなり、予め加熱体を昇温させる必要がないので、非
画像形成時の消費電力も小さくすることができ、また機
内昇温も防止できることになる。Since the heating element is small enough, the heat capacity is small, and it is not necessary to raise the temperature of the heating element in advance.Therefore, the power consumption during non-image formation can be reduced, and the temperature inside the apparatus can be prevented from rising. Become.
〈実施例２〉（第５図） 本例は加熱体20の下面の面取り後端部E2を加圧ローラ
28に向けて下向きに突出させた凸形状に構成した点に特
徴がある。<Example 2> (Figure 5) This example is a pressure roller a lower surface of the chamfered rear end E 2 of the heater 20
It is characterized in that it has a convex shape protruding downward toward 28.
即ちシートＰが定着ニップ部Ｎである位置Ａ・Ｄ間を
通過した後も定着フィルム25と分離されるまでは上記の
下向き凸形状の加熱体下面の面取り後端部E2でシートＰ
が加圧ローラ28面に軽圧で押し付けられる。Sheet P words after the sheet P has passed between the position A · D is a fixing nip N until also separated the fixing film 25 by the chamfered rear end E 2 of the heating body lower surface of the downward convex
Is pressed against the surface of the pressure roller 28 with light pressure.
これにより定着ニップ部Ｎの終端位置Ｄから加熱体の
面取り後端部E2までシートＰとトナー画像Tbを定着フィ
ルム25面に確実に密着させて搬送することが可能とな
る。前述実施例１の第２図例の場合はシートＰ上のトナ
ー量が著しく少ないような場合には軟化トナーTbを介し
てのシートＰと定着フィルム25との結合力が著しく小さ
くなることによりシートＰが位置Ｄから分離位置Ｅへ至
るまでの間に重力により定着フィルム25面から分離して
シート搬送が不安定となる可能性があるが、本例の構成
にすればトナー量が著しく少ない場合でも分離位置Ｅま
でのシート搬送路が一定化してシートＰは常に分離位置
Ｅで定着フィルム25面から分離するのでシート搬送が安
定する。Thus it is securely adhered to the fixing film 25 surface sheet P and the toner image Tb until the chamfered rear end E 2 of the heating body from the end position D of the fixing nip portion N becomes possible to convey. In the case of FIG. 2 of the first embodiment, when the amount of toner on the sheet P is extremely small, the bonding force between the sheet P and the fixing film 25 via the softening toner Tb becomes extremely small. While P may separate from the fixing film 25 due to gravity during the time from the position D to the separation position E, the sheet conveyance may become unstable. However, according to the configuration of this example, when the toner amount is extremely small, However, the sheet conveyance path to the separation position E is fixed, and the sheet P is always separated from the fixing film 25 at the separation position E, so that the sheet conveyance is stabilized.
加熱体温度を高くできるので定着性が向上する。即ち
本例では発熱体直下領域である位置Ｂ・Ｃ間での定着フ
ィルム25の表面温度を前述実施例１の場合の150℃より
も高い180℃に設定している。これにより位置Ｄでの定
着フィルム表面温度は160℃とトナー融点（130℃）以上
となる。この位置Ｄから分離位置Ｅまでは前述したよう
にトナー画像TbとシートＰは定着フィルム25面に常に安
定に密着された状態で加熱体20の支持体24と加圧ローラ
28間に押え込まれて搬送されるからその間に加圧ローラ
28や支持体24にトナーの熱が放熱し、分離位置Ｅへ至っ
た時点でのトナー温度は90℃であり、トナー融点（130
℃）とトナーのガラス転移点（50℃）の中間の温度とな
り、トナーオフセットや巻き付き等なく定着フィルム25
面からシートＰがスムーズに分離される。従って加熱体
温度を高くして定着性の向上を図ることが可能となる。Since the temperature of the heating element can be increased, the fixing property is improved. That is, in this embodiment, the surface temperature of the fixing film 25 between the positions B and C, which are regions immediately below the heating element, is set to 180 ° C., which is higher than 150 ° C. in the first embodiment. As a result, the fixing film surface temperature at the position D is 160 ° C., which is higher than the toner melting point (130 ° C.). From this position D to the separation position E, as described above, the toner image Tb and the sheet P are always stably adhered to the surface of the fixing film 25 and the support 24 of the heating element 20 and the pressure roller
Pressed between 28 and transported, so pressurizing roller
The toner temperature is 90 ° C. when the heat of the toner is radiated to the support 28 and the toner and reaches the separation position E.
° C) and the glass transition point (50 ° C) of the toner.
The sheet P is smoothly separated from the surface. Therefore, it is possible to improve the fixing property by increasing the temperature of the heating element.
なお、融点以上の温度で十分な凝集力を持つ材料から
成るトナーを用いれば、分離位置Ｅでのトー温度がトナ
ー融点以上であってもよい。その場合、加熱温度をさら
に上げ、高温オフセットを生じることなく、さらなる定
着性の向上が期待できる。If a toner made of a material having a sufficient cohesive force at a temperature higher than the melting point is used, the toe temperature at the separation position E may be higher than the toner melting point. In that case, the heating temperature is further increased, and further improvement in fixability can be expected without causing high-temperature offset.
〈実施例３〉（第６図） 本例は前述実施例１と同様の加熱体20を用い、該加熱
体20と加圧ローラ28のシート搬送方向下流側に上下に対
向させて定着フィルムガイド部材40と小ローラ41とを配
設し、定着フィルム25を加熱体20の下面からガイド部材
40の先端縁を経由させて上方へ屈曲走行させ、加圧ロー
ラ28と小ローラ41との間に、厚さ500μｍの基布付きの
シリコンゴムからなる搬送ベルト42を懸回張設してあ
る。小ローラ41は該ベルト42を回動駆動する。ガイト部
材40は分離部材であり、定着フィルム25が屈曲して回り
込む下縁40aの曲率半径は1mmに設定し、フィルムの屈曲
角度θは120゜に設定してある。<Embodiment 3> (FIG. 6) In this embodiment, a heating film 20 similar to that of the above-described embodiment 1 is used, and the heating film 20 is vertically opposed to the downstream side of the heating member 20 and the pressure roller 28 in the sheet conveying direction. A member 40 and a small roller 41 are disposed, and the fixing film 25 is guided from the lower surface of the heating body 20 to a guide member.
A transport belt 42 made of silicon rubber with a base cloth having a thickness of 500 μm is stretched between the pressure roller 28 and the small roller 41 by bending and traveling upward through the leading edge of 40. . The small roller 41 drives the belt 42 to rotate. The guide member 40 is a separating member. The radius of curvature of the lower edge 40a around which the fixing film 25 bends and turns is set to 1 mm, and the bending angle θ of the film is set to 120 °.
定着ニップ部Ｎは定着フィルム25と搬送ベルト42を挟
んで対向する加熱体20と加圧ローラ28との圧接部であ
り、導入シートＰ上のトナーTaは該定着ニップ部Ｎであ
る位置Ａ・Ｄ間で加熱される。その後分離位置Ｅである
ガイド部材40の下縁部へ到達するまでシートＰは搬送ベ
ルト42に支えられ定着フィルム25の下面に押圧密着され
て搬送され、分離位置Ｅでフィルム25と曲率分離する。The fixing nip portion N is a pressure contact portion between the heating body 20 and the pressure roller 28 which are opposed to each other with the fixing film 25 and the transport belt 42 interposed therebetween. Heated between D. Thereafter, the sheet P is supported by the conveyance belt 42 and pressed and adhered to the lower surface of the fixing film 25 to be conveyed until reaching the lower edge portion of the guide member 40 at the separation position E, and is separated from the film 25 at the separation position E by curvature.
本例での使用トナーTaはガラス転移点−10℃、融点70
℃のワックス系樹脂を主成分とするもので、70℃以上で
は粘度が急激に低下する、いわゆるシャープメルト特性
を有する。The toner used in this example has a glass transition point of −10 ° C. and a melting point of 70.
It is mainly composed of a wax-based resin at a temperature of 70 ° C., and has a so-called sharp melt characteristic in which the viscosity sharply decreases at 70 ° C. or higher.
発熱体22の直下領域である位置Ｂ・Ｃ間での定着フィ
ルム表面温度は100℃とトナーの融点をはるかにこえた
温度であり、トナーTaは完全に容融TbにしてシートＰ面
に強固に結合する。The surface temperature of the fixing film between the positions B and C, which is a region immediately below the heating element 22, is 100 ° C., which is far higher than the melting point of the toner. To join.
位置Ｄでの定着フィルム表面温度は90℃であり、トナ
ーTbはまだ極めて低粘度の状態である。The fixing film surface temperature at the position D is 90 ° C., and the toner Tb is still in a very low viscosity state.
その後トナーTbは分離位置Ｅまで搬送される間に融点
70℃とガラス転移点−10℃の間である55℃まで放熱冷却
されトナー同士の凝集力は十分に高くなっており、分離
位置Ｅで定着フィルム25面に残留することなくフィルム
25と良好に曲率分離する。Thereafter, the toner Tb melts while being transported to the separation position E.
The toner is cooled down to 55 ° C, which is between 70 ° C and the glass transition point of -10 ° C, and the cohesive force between the toners is sufficiently high. At the separation position E, the film does not remain on the fixing film 25 surface.
Good curvature separation from 25.
本例の場合はトナーとしてシャープメルトトナーを用
いてもトナー温度が融点以下になるまでトナーとフィル
ムを確実に密着させて分離位置Ｅへ搬送できるので、い
わゆるトナーの高温オフセットが生じない。In the case of this example, even if a sharp melt toner is used as the toner, the toner and the film can be reliably brought into close contact with each other and transported to the separation position E until the toner temperature becomes equal to or lower than the melting point.
〈実施例４〉（第７図） 本例は前述実施例３の変形装置であり、搬送ベルトと
して厚さ3mmのシリコンベルト42Aを用い、加圧ローラ
（28）の代りに芯金28Aを用いたものである。<Embodiment 4> (FIG. 7) This embodiment is a modification of the above-described Embodiment 3, in which a silicon belt 42A having a thickness of 3 mm is used as a transport belt, and a core metal 28A is used instead of the pressure roller (28). It was what was.
ベルト42Aの剛性が強く、トナーTbを定着フィルム25
の下面に押し付ける力が強い。そのために定着ニップ部
Ｎを通過したトナーが分離位置Ｅへ至るまでの間にフィ
ルム面から離間するおそれがない。The belt 42A has a high rigidity and the toner Tb is fixed on the fixing film 25.
Strong force to press against the lower surface of Therefore, there is no possibility that the toner that has passed through the fixing nip N is separated from the film surface before reaching the separation position E.
〈その他〉 （１）加熱体20について基板21はアルミナの他にも耐熱
ガラスや、PI・PPS等の耐熱樹脂などを用いることがで
きる。発熱体22はTa2Nの他にもニクロム・RuO2・Ag/Pd
等の抵抗体等を用いることができる。検温素子23はPt膜
等の測温抵抗体の他にも抵抗容量のビードサーミスタな
どを用いることができる。定着フイルム25が摺動走行す
る加熱体下面は薄い耐熱ガラス層などの摺動保護膜層を
設けるのがよい。発熱体22は基板21の上面側（基板21の
定着フィルム対面側とは反対面側）に配設し、検温素子
23を基板21の下面側（基板21の定着フィルム対面側）に
配設した形態にしてもよいし、発熱体22と検温素子23を
共に基板21の下面側に配設した形態にしてもよい。発熱
体22への通電もパルス通電ではなく通常通電制御であっ
てもよい。<Others> (1) With respect to the heating element 20, the substrate 21 may be made of heat-resistant glass, heat-resistant resin such as PI / PPS or the like in addition to alumina. Heating element 22 is Ta 2 In addition to the N nichrome · RuO 2 · Ag / Pd
And the like can be used. As the temperature detecting element 23, a bead thermistor having a resistance capacity can be used in addition to a temperature measuring resistor such as a Pt film. It is preferable to provide a sliding protective film layer such as a thin heat-resistant glass layer on the lower surface of the heating body on which the fixing film 25 slides and travels. The heating element 22 is disposed on the upper surface side of the substrate 21 (the surface opposite to the fixing film facing surface of the substrate 21),
23 may be provided on the lower surface side of the substrate 21 (the side facing the fixing film of the substrate 21), or the heating element 22 and the temperature detecting element 23 may be provided on the lower surface side of the substrate 21. . The energization of the heating element 22 may be controlled by normal energization control instead of pulse energization.
（２）前述第３図例装置のように定着フィルム25として
有端のものを用いる場合、送出し軸側の定着フィルムが
巻取り軸側にほとんど全て巻取られて使用されたら新し
いロール巻フィルムと交換する方式にすることもできる
（巻取り交換式）。このような巻取り交換式の場合は定
着フィルムの耐久性に関係なく薄肉化が可能となり、低
電力化することができる。例えば定着フィルムとしてPE
T（ポリエステル）フィルムなどの安価な基材を用い、
耐熱処理を施した例えば12.5μｍ程度又はそれ以下の薄
肉のものを用いることができる。(2) When a fixed film is used as the fixing film 25 as in the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, if the fixing film on the sending shaft side is almost completely wound on the winding shaft side, a new roll-wound film is used. Can be exchanged (rewinding exchange type). In the case of such a take-up exchange type, the thickness can be reduced regardless of the durability of the fixing film, and the power consumption can be reduced. For example, PE as fixing film
Using an inexpensive substrate such as T (polyester) film,
For example, a thin material having a heat resistance of about 12.5 μm or less can be used.
或は定着フィルム面へのトナーオフセットは前述した
ように実質的に生じないので定着フィルムの使用に伴な
う熱変形や劣化が小さければ巻取り軸側へ巻取られた使
用済みのシートを適時に送出し軸側へ巻戻し制御して、
或は巻取り軸側と送出し軸側とを反転交換するなどして
複数回繰返して使用することもできる（巻戻し繰返し使
用式）。Or, since the toner offset to the fixing film surface does not substantially occur as described above, if the thermal deformation or deterioration accompanying the use of the fixing film is small, the used sheet wound on the take-up shaft side can be removed in a timely manner. And rewinding control to the shaft side,
Alternatively, it can be used a plurality of times by reversing the winding shaft side and the sending shaft side, etc. (rewinding repetitive use type).
巻戻し繰返し使用式では定着フィルムとしては例え
ば、耐熱性・機械的強度等に優れた基材として25μｍ厚
のポリイミド樹脂フィルムを用いてその面に離型性の高
いフッ素樹脂等よりなる離型層を設けた複合層フィルム
を用いることができ、巻戻し逆走行時は圧力解除機構を
自動制御させて加熱体と加圧ローラとの当圧接を解除状
態に保持させるのがよい。In the rewinding repeated use type, as the fixing film, for example, a 25 μm thick polyimide resin film is used as a base material having excellent heat resistance, mechanical strength, etc., and a release layer made of a highly releasable fluororesin or the like on its surface. It is preferable to automatically control the pressure release mechanism during reverse rewinding to keep the contact between the heating element and the pressure roller in the released state.
巻戻し繰返し使用式やエンドレスベルト型のように複
数回使用する場合は、フィルム面クリーニング用にフェ
ルトパッドを設けると共に若干の離型剤、例えばシリコ
ンオイルを含浸させて該パッドをフィルム面に当接する
させるなどしてフィルム面のクリーニングと離型性の更
なる向上を行なうようにしてもよい。定着フィルムが絶
縁性のフッ素樹脂処理品の場合などではトナー画像を撹
乱する静電気がフィルムに発生し易いので、その対処の
ために接地した除電ブラシで除電処置するのもよい。接
地せずにブラシにバイアス電圧を印加してトナー画像を
撹乱しない範囲でフィルムを帯電させても良い。さらに
フッ素樹脂に導電性の粉体繊維、例えばカーボンブラッ
ク等を添加して、上述の静電気による画像乱れを防止す
るのも一策である。また、加圧ローラの除帯電及び導電
化に関しても同様の手段により行なうことができる。ま
た、帯電防止剤等の塗布や、添加を行なっても良い。In the case of multiple use such as a rewinding repetitive use type or an endless belt type, a felt pad is provided for cleaning the film surface, and a slight release agent, for example, silicon oil is impregnated to contact the pad with the film surface. For example, the film surface may be cleaned and the releasability may be further improved. In the case where the fixing film is an insulating fluororesin-treated product, static electricity that disturbs the toner image is likely to be generated on the film. Therefore, in order to cope with this, it is preferable to remove the static electricity with a grounded removing brush. A bias voltage may be applied to the brush without grounding to charge the film within a range that does not disturb the toner image. Further, it is one measure to add conductive powder fibers, for example, carbon black or the like, to the fluororesin to prevent the above-mentioned image disturbance due to static electricity. In addition, the charge roller can be de-charged and made conductive by the same means. Further, an antistatic agent or the like may be applied or added.
定着フィルムはエンドレスベルト式、巻取り交換式、
巻戻し繰返し使用式の何れにしても定着装置11の所定部
所に着脱自在のカートリッジ構成にすることにより定着
フィルムの交換等を容易化することができる。Fixing film is endless belt type, rewindable type,
Regardless of the type of rewinding and repetitive use, the replacement of the fixing film and the like can be facilitated by making the cartridge structure detachable at a predetermined portion of the fixing device 11.
以上本発明の定着装置は第４図に例示の転写式電子写
真装置に限らず画像形成のプロセス・手段はエレクトロ
ファックス紙・静電記録紙等に直接にトナー画像を形成
担持させる直接式や、磁気記録画像形成式、その他適宜
の画像形成プロセス・手段で記録材上に加熱溶融性トナ
ーによる画像を形成し、それを加熱定着する方式の複写
機・レーザビームプリンタ・ファクシミリ・マイクロフ
ィルムリーダプリンタ・ディスプレイ装置・記録機等の
各種の画像形成装置における画像加熱定着装置として有
効に適用できるものである。The fixing device of the present invention is not limited to the transfer type electrophotographic apparatus illustrated in FIG. 4 and the image forming process / means is a direct type in which a toner image is formed and carried directly on electrofax paper, electrostatic recording paper, or the like, Copiers, laser beam printers, facsimile, microfilm reader printers, which form an image on a recording material with a heat-fusible toner using a magnetic recording image forming method or any other appropriate image forming process and means, and heat and fix it. The present invention can be effectively applied as an image heating and fixing device in various image forming apparatuses such as a display device and a recording machine.
（発明の効果） 以上のように本発明の画像加熱定着装置は熱容量の小
さい小型簡便な加熱手段を用いて熱効率よく画像を加熱
して少ないエネルギーで、定着不良・オフセット・記録
材の巻き込みジャムトラブルなど、又定着画像に過度の
光沢をもたせずに十分良好な画像定着が可能であり、又
装置使用時の待機時間や消費電力、さらには機内昇温が
小さい等の特長を有しており、従来装置におけるような
前述問題点を有しない画像加熱定着装置として実用性が
あり、所期の目的がよく達せられる。(Effects of the Invention) As described above, the image heating / fixing apparatus of the present invention heats an image with high efficiency using a small and simple heating means having a small heat capacity, and uses a small amount of energy to cause poor fixing, offset, and jamming of a recording material. Also, it is possible to fix images sufficiently well without giving excessive gloss to the fixed image, and has features such as standby time and power consumption when using the device, and small rise in temperature inside the machine. It is practical as an image heating and fixing apparatus that does not have the above-mentioned problems as in the conventional apparatus, and the intended purpose is well achieved.
特に本発明は、加熱されたトナー像が加熱体の発熱体
の存在しない位置で摺動して温度が低下するので、加熱
体のある部分を使って温度低下をさせることができ、加
熱体でトナー温度低下部も兼用することができるため装
置構成をコンパクトにすることができる。Particularly, in the present invention, since the heated toner image slides at a position where the heating element of the heating element does not exist and the temperature decreases, the temperature can be decreased by using a part of the heating element, and the heating element can be used. Since the toner temperature lowering portion can also be used, the device configuration can be made compact.
また本発明は、フィルムが加熱体の発熱体位置と摺動
した後、引き続き加熱体の発熱体の存在しない面で摺動
するので、フィルムは加熱体の発熱体位置を通り過ぎた
後も加熱体側から押さえられることができ、フィルムの
波打ちを防止して画像の乱れを抑えることができる。According to the present invention, the film slides on the surface of the heating element where the heating element does not exist after the film slides on the heating element position of the heating element, so that the film remains on the heating element side even after passing through the heating element position of the heating element. , And can prevent the film from waving, thereby suppressing image disturbance.
第１図は第１実施例定着装置の概略構成図、第２図はそ
の定着ニップ部分の拡大図、第３図は他の構成装置の概
略構成図、第４図は該定着装置を組み込んだ画像形成装
置の一例の概略構成図、第５図乃至第７図は夫々第２乃
至第４実施例の定着装置の概略構成図である。 11は定着装置の全体符号、25は定着フィルム、28は加圧
ローラ、Ｐはシート、Taは未定着トナー、Tbは加熱軟化
・溶融トナー、Tcは固化トナー、Ｎは定着ニップ部、E2
・Ｅは分離位置。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fixing device of the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a fixing nip portion thereof, FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of another component device, and FIG. 4 incorporates the fixing device. FIGS. 5 to 7 are schematic structural views of an example of the image forming apparatus, and FIGS. 5 to 7 are schematic structural views of the fixing devices of the second to fourth embodiments, respectively. Numeral 11 denotes a fixing device, 25 denotes a fixing film, 28 denotes a pressure roller, P denotes a sheet, Ta denotes an unfixed toner, Tb denotes a heat-softened / fused toner, Tc denotes a solidified toner, N denotes a fixing nip portion, and E 2 denotes a fixing nip.
E is the separation position.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 木村 茂雄 東京都大田区下丸子３丁目30番２号 キ ヤノン株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭59−157678（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭59−68766（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−122665（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特公 昭50−16936（ＪＰ，Ｂ２) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Shigeo Kimura 3-30-2 Shimomaruko, Ota-ku, Tokyo Canon Inc. (56) References JP-A-59-157678 (JP, A) JP-A-59 -68766 (JP, A) JP-A-61-122665 (JP, A) JP-B-50-16936 (JP, B2)
Claims (1)
面が前記加熱体の発熱体位置及びこの加熱体の発熱体の
存在しない面に接して摺動し他方の面が記録材と接して
共に移動するフィルムと、を有し、このフィルムを介し
た前記加熱体からの熱により未定着トナー像を記録材上
に加熱定着する画像加熱定着装置において、 未定着トナー像は前記フィルムを介して前記加熱体の発
熱体位置でトナーの融点以上に加熱され、この加熱され
たトナー像は引き続き前記フィルムを介して前記加熱体
の発熱体の存在しない面で温度が低下され且つトナーの
ガラス転移点より高温状態にある時、前記フィルムと記
録材が分離されることを特徴とする画像加熱定着装置。A stationary stationary heating element provided with a heating element; one surface of which is slid in contact with a position of the heating element of the heating element and a surface of the heating element where the heating element does not exist; A film that moves together with the film, and heats and fixes an unfixed toner image on a recording material by heat from the heating element through the film. Is heated to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting point of the toner at the heating element position of the heating element, the temperature of the heated toner image is continuously reduced via the film on the surface of the heating element where the heating element does not exist, and When the temperature is higher than the glass transition point, the film and the recording material are separated from each other.
Priority Applications (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63313273A JP2646444B2 (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1988-12-12 | Image heating fixing device |
| US07/444,802 US5262834A (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1989-12-01 | Image fixing apparatus |
| DE68914106T DE68914106T3 (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1989-12-05 | Image fixing device. |
| EP89122388A EP0372479B2 (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1989-12-05 | An image fixing apparatus |
| KR1019890018043A KR950013027B1 (en) | 1988-12-06 | 1989-12-06 | Image fixing apparatus |
| US07/813,912 US5162634A (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1991-12-27 | Image fixing apparatus |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63313273A JP2646444B2 (en) | 1988-12-12 | 1988-12-12 | Image heating fixing device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH02157878A JPH02157878A (en) | 1990-06-18 |
| JP2646444B2 true JP2646444B2 (en) | 1997-08-27 |
Family
ID=18039225
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP63313273A Expired - Fee Related JP2646444B2 (en) | 1988-11-15 | 1988-12-12 | Image heating fixing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2646444B2 (en) |
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| JPH02157878A (en) | 1990-06-18 |
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Legal Events
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|---|---|---|---|
| LAPS | Cancellation because of no payment of annual fees |