JP2643448B2 - Graphic arithmetic unit - Google Patents

Description

Description: BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a graphic operation device capable of simultaneously handling a curved surface and a solid.

(Prior art) In the recent production industry, etc., in order to shorten the design period and save labor, a graphic operation device, that is, a CAD / CA
The M system has come into general use.

In the early days of this CAD / CAM system, a wire frame modeler was used as shape modeling. In other words, it has only line information as the information of the three-dimensional solid drawn on the display, and based on the line information, the human makes the computer calculate the intersection line, and as a result, finally generates the three-dimensional solid It is. However, in this modeler, a very large number of man-hours are required to draw a final three-dimensional solid, so the Surface Modeler has come to be used as an advanced modeler.

This surface modeler has surface information as information of the three-dimensional solid drawn on the display, and based on the surface information, the human makes the computer calculate the intersection line, and as a result, the three-dimensional solid is finally generated It is.

For example, as shown in FIG. 11, as shown in FIG. 11 (C), as shown in FIG. 11 (C), when generating a solid in which a half cylinder is removed from a part of a rectangular parallelepiped, as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3A, surfaces 50 to 55 (six surfaces) constituting the rectangular parallelepiped and a semi-circular surface 56 composed of portions removed from the rectangular parallelepiped are surface-defined. As shown in FIG. 3B, while considering the planes at which these planes may intersect (for example, plane 52 intersects planes 50 and 51), as shown in FIG. An operation computer for performing the intersection calculation of 56 is performed, and the result is edited to finally draw a three-dimensional solid as shown in FIG.

In other words, when the computer calculates intersections between faces, the computer assumes a surface where humans intersect, and issues an instruction to the computer to calculate the intersection between that surface and which surface because which surface intersects. When a command is given to each face, and such a command is completed for all surfaces, a desired three-dimensional solid can be obtained.

As described above, even in the surface modeler developed from the wire frame, as described above, until a three-dimensional solid is obtained, it is necessary for a human to judge the necessity of calculating the intersection of a large number of planes. Most recently, in addition to the surface data with the surface modeler, the phase data (surface,
A modeler called a solid modeler, which also has a relationship between edges and vertices, has been developed and actually used. Since this solid modeler has the above-described phase data, the computer can automatically perform the above-described intersection calculation. One form of the data structure of the modeler is a winged edge method,
The half-edge method is well known.

That is, as shown in FIG. 12, FIG.
In order to obtain the same three-dimensional solid as the shape shown in FIG. 1, first, the basic data of the rectangular parallelepiped 60 and the cylinder 61 are obtained from the above-described surface data and phase data as shown in FIG. Solids are generated, these solids are arranged at desired positions as shown in FIG. 10B, and the computer is caused to perform a set operation. In other words, in the solid modeler, (C)
In order to obtain a three-dimensional solid as shown in (1), it is only necessary to generate a basic solid from surface data and phase data, arrange it, and give a command to the computer to perform a set operation. Become. Therefore, in this solid modeler, there are very few parts that involve humans in performing graphic operations, and graphic operations can be performed efficiently with simple operations.
It is considered to be the mainstream.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the solid modeler having the above-described advantages, intersection calculation or set operation between solids can be performed. On the other hand, there was a very inconvenient point because the calculation was impossible. This is due to the data structure in which the solid modeler can only define a solid (even using the winged edge method, the hard edge method, etc.).

In other words, for example, if an attempt is made to perform an operation that cuts a three-dimensional solid at a certain plane, the intersection calculation is a calculation between the solid and the curved surface, and such a graphic operation cannot be performed with the solid modeler. Become. Conventionally, in order to perform such a graphic operation, data of a solid modeler that can be handled only by a solid is converted into a surface modeler that can handle a curved surface, and the cutting calculation is performed on the surface modeler. . In addition, when joining a solid that is in a cut solid through such an operation, since the data of the solid modeler has already been converted to the surface modeler, it is possible to perform the operation with the solid modeler Due to the disappearance, the operation for this joining must be performed by the surface modeler, and although the solid modeler has the advantages described above, this advantage cannot be used effectively. There is a problem.

Similarly, the addition of R and draft (required draft), which are always required in the design of a mold for casting and forging, is a graphic operation between a curved surface and a solid, so that these operations cannot be performed. is there. Such a problem,
This is a very big problem in the operability of CAD / CAM, and this problem has been regarded as a problem that needs to be solved early.

Therefore, the inventors consider that the solid is a closed surface, and consider that the real surface is not closed but open, and it is found that the property common to both is a curved surface. We thought whether headlines, solids, and existing curved surfaces could be represented as data with a unified structure. From this idea, it was assumed that an existing curved surface had a virtual surface connected thereto, and assuming that the virtual surface was closed, the curved surface could be treated as a solid.

The present invention has been made based on such an idea, and has a function of handling a curved surface even in a solid modeler (a function of calculating as a solid constituted by a real surface and a non-existent imaginary surface). By having
It is an object of the present invention to provide a graphic operation device capable of performing graphic operations between curved surfaces, between curved surfaces and solids, and between solids.

(Means for Solving the Problems) To achieve the above object, the present invention provides command output means for outputting various commands when performing a graphic operation,
Geometric data related to the coordinate values of elements such as surfaces, ridges, vertices, etc. for an existing curved surface, topological data between elements such as existing surfaces, ridges, vertices, etc. of the actual curved surface, and ridge lines shared by nonexistent virtual surfaces with existing surfaces Storage means for storing data (imaginary data) for recognizing that a virtual surface that is a non-existent curved surface exists, and a command output from the command output means. Performing a geometric operation based on the geometric data and the phase data of the actual curved surface or the virtual surface phase data and the imaginary data from the storage means as necessary,
Further, a figure calculation means for newly generating geometric data and phase data of a real surface and phase data and imaginary data of a virtual surface in the obtained figure and storing these data in the storage means, Display means for displaying a figure finally obtained by the figure calculation means.

Further, in the invention according to claim 1, the graphic calculation means determines, by the presence of imaginary data, that the calculation on the virtual surface is performed in the course of the graphic calculation, and And virtual operation means for terminating the operation on the existing surface when it is determined that the operation on the surface is to be performed.

(Operation) The graphic operation device of the present invention thus configured operates as follows.

For example, commands such as R multiplication, draft multiplication, and set operation necessary for performing a graphic operation are issued from the command output means.

Further, the storage means stores geometric data relating to the coordinate values of elements such as surfaces, ridges, vertices, etc. with respect to an actual curved surface, phase data between elements, such as surfaces, ridges, vertices, etc. of the actual curved surface, and virtual surfaces which do not exist. Phase data relating to a ridge line shared with an existing surface and data (imaginary data) for recognizing that a virtual surface which is a non-existent curved surface is stored.

The graphic operation means extracts the data stored in the storage means and performs a graphic operation based on the command output from the command output means. Then, the geometric data and the phase data of the actual surface and the phase data and the imaginary data of the virtual surface in the figure obtained as a result are newly generated, and these data are stored in the storage means. The figure obtained by the figure calculation means in this way is displayed on the display means.

In the figure calculation process, the figure calculation means determines that the calculation is to be performed on the virtual surface of the figure retrieved from the storage means or obtained as a result of the figure calculation based on the existence of the imaginary data. Then, the virtual operation means ends the operation on the existing plane.

Therefore, even if the plane is projected as a plane on the display means, it is assumed that the ridge line constituting the plane has a virtual plane, so that it is continuously joined to the plane in calculation. A pseudo operation can be performed as a three-dimensional solid having a virtual surface, and if a virtual surface is recognized, the operation for the surface that exists at that time is terminated. The graphic calculation means can perform graphic calculations between curved surfaces, between curved surfaces and solids, and can naturally perform graphic calculations between solids, as if performing a three-dimensional calculation.

(Example) Hereinafter, an example of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a graphic operation device according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG.
Is connected to a display means 2 for displaying the result calculated by the graphic calculation means 1. The graphic calculation means 1 is specifically a CPU, and the display means 2 is specifically a graphic display capable of displaying a graphic. Further, the figure calculation means 1 includes a determination means 3 for determining that calculation is performed using imaginary data (existing surfaces and imaginary surfaces that do not exist (data indicating that a virtual surface exists)) to be described later, Virtual operation means 4 for performing an operation without making the operation based on the imaginary data an error.

The graphic operation means 1 is connected to a command output means 5 for giving various instructions for performing the graphic operation. The command output means 5 is specifically a terminal such as a keyboard. Further, the graphic calculation means 1 includes:
The storage means 6 is connected to the storage means 6. As shown in the figure, the storage means 6 includes geometric data relating to coordinate values such as faces, edges and vertices of the figure, data relating to mutual relationships between faces, edges and vertices, and imaginary data. Phase data such as (data relating to a real surface and a virtual surface sharing a ridge) is stored. The storage means 6 is specifically a storage element such as a RAM.

FIGS. 2 and 3 show examples of input data by the known winged edge method as a CAD / CAM data structure.

The graphic data as shown in FIG. 2 is stored in the storage means 6 as shown in the table of FIG. Where
A to F indicate ridge lines, A to F indicate vertices, and a and a '
Is an actual curved surface, and b is a virtual surface. The data of this figure will be described in detail. The object table stores data indicating that the plane a is a real curved surface, and the curved surface table stores ridge line data, geometric data, and a type related to each surface. Data is stored.

That is, for example, for the surface a, data indicating that A exists at one of the ridge lines included in the surface a, the existence address of the geometric data, and the type data of the surface a (plane, surface,
A virtual surface b) including a curved surface a and a curved surface a ′, data indicating that A exists in one of the ridge line data included in the virtual surface b, and no geometric data. (Because there is no geometric data because b is a virtual surface) and data that positively declares no type data for the surface b (it is assumed that there is no actual surface because b is a virtual surface). In other words, data indicating that an imaginary curved surface exists is stored.

Here, the absence of data is a code indicating that the curved surface b is a virtual surface, and conceptually indicates that there is a curved surface having no data. It should be noted that the conventional solid modeler cannot define such data that “a curved surface having no data exists”. This is because if no data exists, a three-dimensional object cannot be drawn, and is treated as a calculation error. However, in the present invention, since the imaginary data (virtual surface) has been devised and an arithmetic device capable of performing an operation using the imaginary data has been created, the three-dimensional object is composed of a real curved surface and a virtual surface. As a result, it is possible to treat a curved surface as a solid modeler. In other words, when a real curved surface is handled, it is assumed that the solid surface is a solid formed by the real curved surface and the virtual surface, and can be handled by the solid modeler.

In addition, the ridge line table stores, for each of the ridge lines A to G, ridge lines connected to the left and right, curved surfaces in the left and right directions (real curved surfaces and virtual surfaces) including these ridge lines, vertexes of these ridge lines, and geometric data of the ridge lines. Stores the existence address and the type data (straight line, curve, etc.) of each ridge line. More specifically, data stored in the ridge line table for the ridge line A is as follows.

In other words, there is only one ridgeline connected to one of the ridgelines A in the right direction, but the ridgeline connected in the left-right direction is F, and the ridgeline connected to the other of the ridgelines A is B. And The curved surface including the ridge line A has a curved surface a in the left direction and a virtual surface b in the right direction. The vertices of the ridge line A are a and b, and the geometric data and the type data are stored as shown. Then, the vertex table stores representative edge lines among the edge lines included in each vertex and coordinate values of the vertices.

In the graphic data as described above, since data indicating that a virtual plane including the ridge line exists is input to the ridge line, even if the graphic calculation device of the present invention handles a plane, In addition, it is possible to perform the calculation by assuming that this plane is a solid in which a virtual plane connected to this plane exists. When performing this calculation, calculation using imaginary data, that is, when the graphic calculation means 1 calculates an intersection between a virtual surface and an existing curved surface, or performs an intersection calculation between a virtual surface and a virtual surface. In this case, the determining means 3 determines that the intersection calculation is to be performed on the virtual surface, and the virtual calculating means 4 receives the determination of the determining means 3 and determines whether the virtual surface and the real surface or the virtual surface are mutually intersected. Is calculated as if the intersection calculation between actual surfaces is performed, and the calculation result is output to the display means 2. In this case, as a result of the intersection calculation, the virtual operation means 4 can continue the above-mentioned operation without causing a calculation error even if there is no intersecting portion.

Next, in the graphic operation device of the present invention having such a configuration and data, an actual process when R multiplication is performed on one side of a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in FIG.
This will be described with reference to the flowchart in FIG.

First, in order to perform this process, a rectangular parallelepiped 20 as shown in FIG. This rectangular parallelepiped 20 is drawn based on the data stored in the storage means 6.

This rectangular parallelepiped 20 is stored in the storage means 6 as data as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG.

That is, the plane (f1 to f6) and the vertex (V1
~ V8), ridges (e1 ~ e12), etc. are individually defined as shown in Fig. 4, and the data for drawing the rectangular parallelepiped 20 is in a form similar to the winged edge method, as shown in Fig. 5. They are arranged and stored like a curved surface table, a vertex table, and an edge line table.

The graphic calculation means 1 draws the shape of the rectangular parallelepiped 20 based on these data stored in such a form.

Next, a process for performing R multiplication on the ridge line e3 of one side of the displayed cuboid 20 is performed.

First, a curved surface (f5, f3) adjacent to the edge 10 (in other words, the ridge line e3) to be subjected to R in the rectangular parallelepiped 20 is extracted. Further, a plurality of planes 25 orthogonal to the ridge line as shown in FIG. 9 (B) are obtained. Then, the ridge line R is designated (the
S1 in Figure 10).

When the ridge line R is specified, a tangent arc 11 as shown in FIG. 9 (C) is formed. The tangent arcs 11 are continuously arranged to form an arc surface 26. The arc surface 26 is formed by connecting curves (drawn based on a plurality of constituent points including coordinate values, U tangent directions, and V tangent directions) drawn as intersections with the plurality of planes 25 based on the designation of the ridge line R. (S2 in FIG. 10). Specifically, stop surfaces 13, 14 described later
That is, the plane 25 is connected between them. Next, the rectangular parallelepiped 20
In order to form the planes of f4 and f2 (that is, the stop surfaces 13 and 14),
Only the surface represented in the form shown in FIG. 7 is extracted from the data shown in FIG. 5, and data as shown in FIG. 8 is created, and the arc surface 26 in FIG. An intersection operation is performed between the surface 26 and the stop surfaces 13 and 14. For example, the seventh
If a quadrilateral as shown in the figure is represented by data as shown in FIG. 8, a virtual surface f2 connected to an actual curved surface f1 is defined in the curved surface table. Is performed until the virtual surface of f2 (corresponding to the stop surface 14) is recognized by the determination means 3. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 9 (C), this processing multiplies R on the cross section of the plane 25 to form a tangent arc 11, and the tangent arcs 11 are continuously arranged to form an arc. The surface 26 is formed, and the thus formed arc surface 26 is cut at the stop surfaces 13 and 14 of the arc surface 26 to form the arc surface 12 corresponding to the length of the edge 10 ( S3 in Fig. 10
~ S9).

Then, the arc surface 12 thus obtained is added to the original rectangular parallelepiped 20 to create a figure as shown in FIG. 9 (D). Specifically, a solid constituted by an arc surface 12 which is a real surface and a virtual surface is superimposed on the original rectangular parallelepiped 20 shown in FIG. 9 (A), and two real arc surfaces 12 are formed. The intersection between the ridge line and the two existing planes f3 and f5 (see FIG. 4) of the rectangular parallelepiped 20 is calculated to obtain ridge lines 15 and 16.

In this case, as is clear from the figure, the number of ridge lines is increased by two (15, 16) and the number of actual surfaces is also increased by two at the same time as compared with the original figure. Also, the addition of the tangent arc increases the number of vertices by four. Therefore, the graphic calculation means 1 performs a process of adding the data of the increased ridge lines, faces, vertices, and the like to the data shown in FIG. 5, and at the same time rewrites the data that must be rewritten (tenth data). S10 in the figure).

Next, only the data of the curved surface 30 from the solid 20 is extracted from the generated data of the figure of FIG. This curved surface 30 is associated with imaginary data. That is, a process of rewriting the geometric data of the surface data on the surface 30 to the imaginary data is performed. With this processing, the preparation for making the original rectangular parallelepiped 20 with R is completed (S11 in FIG. 10).

Then, the curved surface 30 of (E) is removed from the rectangular parallelepiped 20 of the original figure to obtain a figure 20 '. Further, the arc surface 12 is rewritten from the imaginary data representing the virtual surface of the figure 20 'to the data of an existing curved surface, thereby obtaining a final solid 40 subjected to the R multiplication as shown in FIG. S12 to S15 in FIG. 10).

Although the processing of the R hanging has been described above, the operation of the draft hanging is the same. Incidentally, the above is the graphic operation means 1
Is a process of a calculation performed inside the computer. When the above process is performed, a command that the operator actually gives to the graphic calculation unit 1 by the command output unit 5 includes:
It only gives an instruction of what edge to multiply R by which edge. Graphic operation means 1 given this instruction
Can automatically obtain the finally required three-dimensional object as shown in FIG. 9 (G) by automatically performing the above-described processing.

It is now possible to automatically perform such processing on solid modelers using curved surfaces (solids composed of virtual surfaces, some of which are real surfaces, and other surfaces are imaginary surfaces). (All surfaces are composed of real surfaces)
This is because a graphic data is prepared which can simultaneously handle the above and the graphic data is calculated based on the graphic data. In the present embodiment, the data structure represented by the winged edge method has been exemplified as the graphic data. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Can of course be operated in a similar manner.

(Effects of the Invention) As is clear from the above description, according to the graphic operation device of the present invention, a virtual surface for representing a real surface as a solid in a pseudo manner is defined as graphic data. Since the figure operation can be performed as a virtual solid based on the virtual surface, the graphic operation between the curved surfaces, between the curved surface and the solid, and between the solids can be performed by a simple operation. The computational efficiency of the operation was dramatically improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a graphic operation device according to the present invention, FIGS. 2 and 3 are diagrams showing an example of graphic data stored in the graphic operation device according to the present invention, and FIG. FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining three-dimensional graphic data stored by the graphic operation device according to the present invention, FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the three-dimensional graphic data shown in FIG. 4, and FIG. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining data, FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a plane taken out when R is applied, FIG. 8 is a diagram showing graphic data of the plane shown in FIG. 7, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining a process of performing R multiplication in the graphic arithmetic device according to the present invention. FIG. 10 is a flowchart when performing R multiplication in the graphic arithmetic device according to the present invention. FIG. 11 is a conventional surface modeler. For explaining the operation of generating a solid by using FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a three-dimensional generation operation by a modeler. 1 ... graphic calculation means, 2 ... display means, 3 ... determination means, 4 ... virtual calculation means, 5 ... command output means, 6 ... storage means.

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] A command output means for outputting various commands for performing a graphic operation; geometric data relating to coordinate values of elements such as a surface, an edge, and a vertex with respect to an actual curved surface; Topological data between elements such as vertices, phase data relating to a ridge line shared with a real surface where a non-existent virtual surface exists, and data for recognizing the existence of a virtual surface which is a non-existent curved surface (imaginary And geometric data and phase data of the actual curved surface or phase data and virtual data of the virtual surface based on the command output from the command output device, if necessary, from the storage device. Performs a graphic operation based on the data of the above, and also calculates geometric data and phase data of the actual surface and the phase data of the virtual surface in the resulting graphic. Graphic generating means for newly generating data and imaginary data and storing these data in the storage means, and displaying means for displaying a graphic finally obtained by the graphic calculating means. Graphic operation device. 2. The graphic operation means according to claim 1, wherein the operation of the virtual surface is determined in the course of the graphic operation based on existence of imaginary data. The operation of the virtual surface is performed by the determination means. 2. The graphic operation device according to claim 1, further comprising: virtual operation means for terminating the operation on the existing surface when the determination is made.