JP2638550B2 - Method and apparatus for producing horticultural soil - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing horticultural soil for potted cultivation of vegetables and flowers.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a cultivation soil for cultivating plants such as vegetables and flowers, soils such as field soil and rice soil, organic soil improvers such as compost and peat moss, and inorganic soil improvers such as vermiculite and perlite (hereinafter, referred to as "below soil") Organic and inorganic soil amendments are collectively referred to as lightweight soil cultivation materials) and fertilizers are strictly weighed and then homogeneously mixed. When measuring and mixing the soil, the lightweight soil material and the fertilizer, each raw material was individually weighed and then manually mixed with a scoop or mixed with a plastering mortar mixer. With the expansion of agricultural scale and labor saving, it became necessary to adjust and manufacture horticultural soil in large quantities.

[0003]

However, if the raw materials are individually weighed and then mixed by hand or the like, there is a problem that a large amount of labor is required to adjust and manufacture a large amount of horticultural soil. Also, if you try to adjust and manufacture a large amount of homogeneous horticultural soil by large-scale mechanization,
Raw materials must be mixed well inside the mixer,
Due to mechanical shock (friction inside the mixer, etc.) and the weight of the material, the softness of the lightweight soil material is impaired, or the aggregate structure of the soil is destroyed. In some cases, the air permeability deteriorated. Furthermore,
The soil having a bulk specific gravity of about 1.0 to 1.5 and the lightweight soil cultivation material having a bulk specific gravity of about 0.1 to 0.5 (Peat moss and vermiculite have a bulk specific gravity of about 0.1 to 0.2: compost (The specific gravity of the bulk is about 0.5), and a material having a low specific gravity separates to the upper portion, so that homogeneous mixing may not be sufficiently performed.

[0004] Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method and method for producing a horticultural cultivation soil capable of continuously and labor-saving producing a high-quality horticultural cultivation soil having a swelling property, in which raw materials for the cultivation soil are homogeneously mixed. It is to provide a device.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for producing horticultural soil by mixing soil, a lightweight soil material and a fertilizer, wherein the soil, the light soil material and the fertilizer are separately placed on a conveyor. Quantitatively cut out, transport them as a continuous layered material in a state of being layered on the conveyor, drop the layered material on the rotating blades of the rotary blade type mixer at the end of the conveyor, The above object has been achieved by providing a method for producing horticultural soil, comprising mixing the layered material in the rotary blade type mixer and dropping the obtained mixture onto another carry-out conveyor. is there.

[0006] The present invention also provides an apparatus capable of suitably performing the above-mentioned production method, as a conveyor for cutting out light-weight cultivation material, a conveyor for cutting out soil, and a cutting-out of fertilizer, near the conveyor, from the upstream side of the conveyor. Conveyors are sequentially arranged, a rotary blade type mixer is disposed at the end of the conveyor belt, and a carry-out conveyor is disposed below the rotary blade type mixer. The fertilizer is weighed and quantitatively cut out on the conveyor, and the rotating blades of the rotary blade-type mixer are cultivated soil for horticulture in which a plurality of blades are radially mounted. Is provided.

[0007]

According to the method or apparatus for producing horticultural soil according to the present invention, raw materials for horticultural soil are deposited in layers on a conveyor, the layered material is dropped from the conveyor, and the layered material is removed. The mixture is mixed so as to be cut by the rotating blades perpendicular to the falling direction, so that the ratio of the raw material cut by the rotating blades is constant, and the phenomenon of insufficient mixing due to the difference in the specific gravity of the raw materials is avoided, so that a uniform horticultural cultivation medium is obtained. Since it can be obtained and the mechanical impact of the rotating blades is small, the water permeability and air permeability of the horticultural cultivation prepared and manufactured do not deteriorate.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS First, an embodiment of the horticultural soil production apparatus of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 is an overall side view of this embodiment, FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of this embodiment, FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIGS. 1 and 2, and FIG. 4 is BB in FIGS. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of the rotary blade type mixer in the present embodiment.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a horticultural cultivation soil producing apparatus according to the present embodiment is configured as follows.
In the vicinity, the cutting conveyors 20A and 20B for the light soiling materials a and b, the cutting conveyor 30 for the soil c, and the cutting conveyors 40A and 40 for the fertilizers d and e from the upstream side of the conveyor 10 in the vicinity.
B are sequentially disposed, a rotary blade type mixer 50 is disposed at the end of the transport belt 10, and a discharge conveyor 60 is disposed below the rotary blade type mixer 50. The light cultivation materials a and b, the soil c, and the fertilizers d and e are measured and quantitatively cut out on the conveyor 10. The blade 50a is configured such that a plurality of blades are radially attached.

The horticultural soil production apparatus of this embodiment will be described in more detail. The transport conveyor 10 is a belt conveyor in which an endless belt is stretched between driving rollers disposed at both ends, and the conveyor on the endless belt is transported from right to left in FIGS. 1 and 2. It is. The transport conveyor 10 is connected to a control mechanism (not shown), and the transport speed is controlled. In the vicinity of the conveyor 10, the lightweight soil material a,
The cut conveyors 20A, 20B, and 30 for b and the soil c are disposed at right angles to the conveyor 10 such that the ends thereof are located directly above the conveyor 10.

The cutting conveyors 20A, 20B and 30
Of these, the cutting conveyor 20B will be described in more detail as an example,
The cut-out conveyors 20A and 30 are configured in exactly the same manner, except for the material to be cut out. As shown in FIG. 3, the cut-out conveyor 20B is an upper conveyor 21B.
And a lower-stage conveyor 22B. The conveyor 21B and the lower conveyor 22B are disposed with their end positions shifted. A hopper 23B for accommodating the lightweight soil material b is disposed above the upper conveyor 21B, and the lower end of the lower conveyor 22B is connected to the transfer conveyor 1 as described above.
It is arranged just above zero. Further, the lower conveyor 22B is disposed on a load cell (load meter) not shown, and the load cell is connected to the control mechanism. The driving mechanism of the upper conveyor 21B and the lower conveyor 22B is also connected to the control mechanism, and the driving speed of the belt is controlled.

The cutting conveyors 20A, 20B and 30
In the vicinity of the conveyor 10 on the downstream side of the above, the cut-out conveyors 40A and 40B of the two types of fertilizers d and e are provided.
The terminals are arranged in parallel so that the terminal ends right above the conveyor 10. The above cutting conveyors 40A and 4
0B, the cut-out conveyor 40A will be described in further detail as an example. The cut-out conveyor 40B is also configured in exactly the same manner, except for the material to be cut out. The above cutting conveyor 40
A is a screw conveyor, and a hopper 43A that accommodates the fertilizer d is disposed above the screw conveyor, and the terminal end of the screw conveyor 40A comes directly above the conveyor 10 as described above. It is done. The drive mechanism of the cutting conveyor 40A is connected to the control mechanism, and the rotation speed of the screw is controlled.

As shown in FIG. 5, a plurality of the rotating blades 50a, 50
The rotating blade type mixer 50 having a .... is disposed so that its rotation axis is perpendicular to the direction in which the conveyor 10 extends. The rotary blades 50a of the rotary blade type mixer 50 are configured such that plate members (blades) are radially attached to the rotary shaft of the rotary blade type mixer 50. The rotary blade type mixer 50
The rotation speed is controlled by the control mechanism, and is driven clockwise in FIG. 2, and the lamination from the transport conveyor 10 is rotated by the rotary blades 50a, 50a,. It is made to mix. A guide 51 that guides the laminate to be dropped and mixed is provided around the rotary blade type mixer 50, and below the rotary blade type mixer 50, the unloading conveyor 60 is provided. It is arranged at right angles to the direction in which the conveyor 10 extends.

Next, a preferred embodiment of the method for producing horticultural soil according to the present invention using the production apparatus of the above embodiment will be described. As a raw material for horticultural soil obtained by the present invention, a usual raw material for horticultural soil is used. As the above-mentioned lightweight soil cultivation material, a material having swelling property is preferable, and examples thereof include peat moss, bark compost, vermiculite, and pearlite. Preferably, the above-mentioned lightweight soil cultivation material has a bulk density of 0.1 to 0.5 and a porosity of
~ 90% is preferred. Also, as the above soil,
Those having an aggregated structure are preferable, and examples thereof include paddy field, field soil, and purified water cake. These soils preferably have a bulk specific gravity of 1.0 to 1.5 and a porosity of 30 to 60%. Further, examples of the fertilizer include ammonium sulfate, lime superphosphate, potassium sulfate, slaked lime, and the like. These fertilizers preferably have a bulk specific gravity of 0.5 to 1.5.
Are preferred.

[0015] The mixing ratio of the lightweight soil material, the soil and the fertilizer is such that the lightweight soil material is 5 to 50 parts by weight and the fertilizer is 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the soil. Preferably. In the following manufacturing method, two types of lightweight cultivation materials a,
b using two types of fertilizers d and e
Will be described. It is particularly preferable to use peat moss as the lightweight soil material a and bark compost as the lightweight soil material b.

In the method for producing horticultural soil according to the present embodiment, the soil c, the lightweight soil materials a and b, and the fertilizers d and e are separately cut out quantitatively on the conveyor 10. The above conveyor 10
It is conveyed as a continuous layered material in a layered state on the upper side, and the layered object is dropped onto the rotary blade 50a of the rotary blade type mixer 50 at the end of the transport conveyor 10, and the rotary blade type mixer is At 50, the layered materials are mixed, and the resulting mixture f is dropped onto the carry-out conveyor 60.

The method for producing horticultural soil according to this embodiment will be described in more detail. The lightweight soil material a is taken out of the hopper 23A by the upper conveyor 21A, and is transferred from the upper conveyor 21A to the lower conveyor 22B.
Dropped on. The lightweight soil material a dropped on the lower conveyor 22B is further dropped on the transport conveyor 10 and transported on the transport conveyor 10 leftward in FIG.

At this time, the amount of the lightweight soil material a on the lower conveyor 22 is constantly measured by the load cell (not shown) below the lower conveyor 22. When the amount of the light soil material a on the lower conveyor 22 is smaller than a predetermined amount, the control mechanism causes the light soil material a on the lower conveyor 22 to reach a predetermined amount. The speed of the upper conveyor 21A is increased, and when it is larger than a predetermined amount, the control mechanism controls the upper conveyor 21A until the amount of the lightweight soil material a on the lower conveyor 22 becomes a predetermined amount. It is designed to slow down. By the above-described control, the amount of the lightweight soil material a cut out from the cutting conveyor 20A onto the transport conveyor 10 is measured so as to be constant per unit time.

Although the cutting conveyors 20B and 30 are not described in detail, the lightweight soil material b and the soil c are quantitatively cut out on the conveyor 10 by exactly the same process as the cutting conveyor 20A. It has been done. In the cut-out conveyors 40A and 40B, the rotation speeds of the screw conveyors are controlled by the control mechanism, so that the fertilizers d and e are set on the transport conveyor 10 so as to have a predetermined amount. It is made to be cut out.

Since the lightweight soil cultivation materials a and b, the soil c and the fertilizers d and e cut out quantitatively on the conveyor 10 are sequentially cut out from the upstream side of the conveyor 10, As shown in FIG. 4, the above-mentioned layered material is deposited on the conveyor 10 in a layered manner. The layered material after quantitatively cutting out the lightweight soil material a, b, the soil c, and the fertilizer d, e,
As shown in FIG. 4, it has a constant cross section, and at the end of the conveyor 10, the rotating blade type mixer 5
0 on the rotating blade 50a.

The dropped layered material is mixed by the rotary blade 50a of the rotary blade type mixer 50 so as to be cut perpendicularly to the falling direction, and then mixed.
The mixture f is dropped onto the carry-out conveyor 60 located below the rotary blade type mixer 50. The amount of the layered material to be dropped is controlled by controlling the speed of the conveyor 10 by the control mechanism. Further, the rotation speed of the rotary blade type mixer 50 is controlled by the control mechanism so as to be optimal for homogeneously mixing the layered object in accordance with the amount of the layered object dropped.

The mixture f carried out by the carry-out conveyor 60 is further sieved by a vibrating screen (not shown) disposed below the end of the carry-out conveyor 60, and the mixture f having passed through the sifter is bagged. It is turned into a packing process and shipped as a product. 10mm ~
An eye of about 20 mm is preferable. According to such a manufacturing method, the bulk specific gravity is 0.4 to 0.8, and the porosity is 70 to
80% horticultural soil is obtained.

According to the horticultural cultivation method or manufacturing apparatus of this embodiment, the horticultural cultivation raw materials (the lightweight cultivation materials a and b, the soil c, and the fertilizers d and e) are placed on the conveyor 10. Are deposited in layers, the deposited layered material is dropped from the conveyor 10, and the layered material is rotated perpendicularly to the falling direction by the rotary blades 50 of the rotary blade type mixer 50.
Since the mixing is performed so as to be cut off at a, the phenomenon that mixing is insufficient due to the difference in specific gravity of the raw materials can be avoided, and a homogeneous horticultural soil can be obtained. In addition, since the mechanical impact of the rotating blades is small, the swelling property of the raw material is not impaired or the structure is not destroyed, and high-quality horticultural soil can be continuously and labor-savingly manufactured by mechanization.

The method for producing a horticultural soil according to the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the above-mentioned lightweight soil material a, b,
The order of cutting out the soil c and the fertilizers d and e is preferably the order of the above-described embodiment, but need not be the order of the above-described embodiment. Further, in the above-described embodiment, two kinds of peat moss a and bark compost b were used as a mixture as the lightweight soil material, but only one kind of raw material may be used as the lightweight soil material. The lightweight cultivation material may be mixed in advance, and the mixed material may be quantitatively cut out on the conveyor 10 by a cut-out conveyor. The horticultural cultivation soil manufacturing apparatus of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, the method of measuring the lightweight soil material a, b, the soil c, and the fertilizer d, e may be a method other than the method using the two-stage conveyor and the load cell as described above. Any weighing method may be used as long as it can be cut out. The number of the above cutting conveyors is
It is sufficient that at least three materials are used for each of the lightweight soil material, the soil, and the fertilizer. If two or more types of raw materials are used as the lightweight soil material or the fertilizer as in the present embodiment, the number is three. May be appropriately added. Other points can be appropriately changed without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0025]

According to the method and apparatus for producing cultivation soil for horticulture of the present invention, it is possible to continuously and labor-savingly produce high-quality horticultural cultivation soil having uniformity of raw materials for cultivation and having softness and softness. Can be.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view of an embodiment of a horticultural soil production apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an overall plan view of an embodiment of the horticultural soil production apparatus of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA in FIGS. 1 and 2.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIGS. 1 and 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged perspective view showing the vicinity of a rotary blade type mixer in the embodiment of the horticultural soil production apparatus of the present invention.

[Description of Signs] 10 Conveying conveyor 20A Cutting conveyor 20B Cutting conveyor 30 Cutting conveyor 40A Cutting conveyor 40B Cutting conveyor 50 Rotating blade type mixer 50a Rotating blade 60 Loading conveyor

Claims (8)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for producing a horticultural soil by mixing soil, a lightweight soil material and a fertilizer, wherein the soil, the lightweight soil material and the fertilizer are separately and quantitatively cut out on a conveyor. Conveyed as a continuous layered material in a layered state on the conveyor, the layered material is dropped on the rotating blades of a rotary blade type mixer at the end of the conveyor, and the rotary blade type mixer A method for producing cultivated soil for horticulture, comprising mixing layered materials and dropping the resulting mixture onto another carry-out conveyor. 2. The lightweight soil material, the soil, and the fertilizer are sequentially cut out, and the layered material is formed on the transport conveyor in the order of the lightweight soil material, the soil, and the fertilizer from a lower layer. 2. The method for producing a horticultural soil according to item 1. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the lightweight soil material is peat moss and / or compost. 4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the peat moss and the compost are separately cut out. 5. The amount cut out per unit time is 5 to 5 parts by weight of the lightweight soil material per 100 parts by weight of the soil.
The method for producing cultivated soil for horticulture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein 0 parts by weight and the fertilizer are 0.1 to 1.0 parts by weight. 6. A conveyer for cutting out lightweight soil material, a conveyer for cutting out soil and a conveyer for cutting out fertilizer are arranged in the vicinity of the conveyor from the upstream side of the conveyor, and a rotary blade type is provided at the end of the conveyor belt. A mixing machine is provided, and a carry-out conveyor is provided below the rotary blade-type mixer. The lightweight soil material, the soil, and the fertilizer are measured and quantitatively cut out on the conveyor. An apparatus for producing a cultivation soil for horticulture, wherein the rotating blades of the rotating blade type mixer are configured by radially attaching a plurality of blades. 7. The horticultural soil production apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the transport conveyor is disposed at right angles to the unloading conveyor. 8. The horticultural soil production apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a vibrating screen is disposed below the end of the carry-out conveyor.