JP2635103B2 - Method and apparatus for measuring a cross section - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a cross-section measurement for measuring a distance to a measured surface at a place where a reference laser beam is already provided with respect to the measured surface to obtain a cross-sectional shape. The present invention relates to a method and an apparatus for installing a vessel and a method for detecting the installation position.

(Prior art)

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, in a construction such as excavation of a tunnel, a standard laser beam for managing a cross-sectional shape in a tunnel excavation direction is projected on a face side. This laser beam
The coordinate position is detected in advance by surveying, and as one of the above-described managements, a reference light beam for digging, for example, tens of cm away from this light. Therefore, the reference laser beam is often projected at a position relatively close to the wall surface of the tunnel.

As a cross-section measuring device for measuring a cross section of a tunnel, a cross section of a slope, and the like, a cross-sectional measuring device of the above-described type is often used. As one type of this type of cross-section measuring device, a laser pulse on an invisible light wave is emitted toward an object to be measured, and the average value of the velocity reflected from the object to be measured is calculated. A device for detecting a distance up to the distance is already known. In this case, the measuring device is equipped with a measuring head that emits and receives laser pulses on a shaft of the measuring device main body, and can rotate around this axis at a predetermined angle of up to 360 degrees for measurement. That is, the measuring head measures at every predetermined angle,
It can be done up to one revolution. Thereby, it is possible to measure the cross-sectional shape and the like of the tunnel. Therefore, the use of the above-mentioned cross-section measuring instrument is very advantageous because the cross-sectional shape at a predetermined position can be measured in a short time.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

However, even if this cross-section measuring device is installed at an appropriate position and the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel can be detected, accurate measurement cannot be performed unless the cross-section is placed perpendicular to the tunnel axis.

For this reason, in the past, it was necessary to know whether the measuring direction of the cross-section measuring instrument was placed so as to be perpendicular to the tunnel axis, but it was difficult and time-consuming to check.

Further, if the position of the cross-section measuring device is not detected even if the measuring direction is perpendicular to the tunnel axis, it cannot be determined whether or not the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel is correct. For this reason, it is necessary to accurately know the coordinates of the installation position of the measuring instrument, but the detection of the installation position is difficult and time-consuming.

An object of the present invention is to solve such a problem, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for measuring a cross section after recognizing a position where a cross section measuring device is correctly installed from the above-mentioned reference laser beam.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is capable of measuring the distance and angle from the measurement unit to the measurement point, notified of the location where the measurement unit is irradiating with visible light, and the measurement unit A method for measuring a cross-section of a measurement site where a reference laser beam is already provided using the cross-section measuring device, comprising a cross-section measuring device for measuring a cross-sectional shape by rotating, wherein the reflection angle of the reference laser beam is measured by a reflecting device. It is reflected so as to be at a right angle, and the reflected reference laser beam is rotated about the optical axis of the reference laser beam and hits a predetermined portion of the cross-section measuring instrument. The method is characterized in that the position of the cross-section measuring device is recognized by touching the position, and after the recognition, the cross-section of the measured position is measured by the cross-section measuring device.

Note that, prior to applying the reflection reference laser beam to a predetermined portion of the cross-section measuring device, the present invention rotates the reflection reference laser beam around the optical axis of the reference laser beam and hits the installation surface of the cross-section measurement device. It is effective to display the approximate installation position of the cross-section measuring instrument.

Further, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention can measure the distance and angle from the measuring unit to the measuring point, and can be informed of the location where measurement is performed by irradiating with visible light from the measuring unit, and the measuring unit A cross-sectional measuring device for measuring a cross-sectional shape by rotating a, the method for measuring a cross-section of a measurement site where a reference laser beam is already provided using the cross-sectional measuring device, two points on the optical axis of the reference laser beam The aiming member to be aimed at above, the reflecting member detachably attached to the aiming member at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis of the reference laser beam, and the aiming member rotating around the optical axis of the reference laser beam Rotating means to be provided, comprising a reflecting device having a confirmation member for aiming visible light of the cross-section measuring device,
The cross-section measuring device is provided with a target for aiming a reflected reference laser beam from the reflection device.

In the present invention, the aiming member includes an aiming tube through which the reference laser beam can pass, and sighting portions provided at both ends of the aiming tube, respectively. It is effective to be mounted so as to be adjustable around the center.

〔Example〕

 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a cross-section measuring device. The cross-sectional measuring device 1 has a measuring device main body 2 and a measuring head 3 which is a measuring unit rotatably mounted on a support shaft (not shown). doing. The measuring head 3 has a transmitting unit 4 for carrying a plurality of measuring waves configured as a laser pulse on the invisible light wave and emitting the same, a receiving unit 5 for receiving a laser pulse reflected by the object to be measured, and the receiving unit. A projection unit 6 for projecting, for example, visible light of laser light parallel to the laser pulse emitted by the unit 4 at a predetermined interval. The cross-section measuring device 1 projects the visible light of the projection unit 6 during the measurement,
The measurement position can be confirmed visually.

According to the present invention, the installation position of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 is determined from the reference laser beam (hereinafter, referred to as a reference light beam l) whose coordinates of the projection position are confirmed in advance by surveying, and the position is determined. In this example, the surface to be measured is described based on an example in which the shape of the inner cross section of the tunnel is measured.

In FIG. 2, an existing reference light beam 1 is projected, for example, near the right corner in the tunnel, and the light projecting direction is set in the direction of the tunnel axis, that is, in the same direction as the tunnel digging direction. According to the present invention, the reference light beam 1 is reflected at right angles by a reflecting device 10 described later in detail, and the reflected light beam l 'is applied to a predetermined portion of the cross-section measuring instrument 1. In this example, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, two parallel sighting plates 7 and 8 are provided on the measuring head 3 of the cross-section measuring device, and the sighting plate 7 is provided with the sighting system 7a and the sighting plate 8 Hit the line of sight 8a marked with. In this case, the cross-section measuring instrument 1 itself is moved by a support device which can translate and move the cross-section measuring instrument 1 in the XY directions described later, and causes the aiming plates 7 and 8 to aim the reference light beam l.
In addition, the aiming plate 7 is configured such that an aiming system 7a is stretched in a cutout portion so that light passing through the aiming plate 7 hits the aiming plate 8. In addition, the aiming system 7a and the aiming line 8a are
, And in a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the measuring head 3, and a predetermined position is marked from the center of the rotation axis.

The above-described reflecting device 10 is, as shown in FIG.
Supported by 11. In the case of this example, the supporting device 11 is a supporting leg.
And a reflecting device 10 which can be adjusted in the vertical and horizontal directions on the supporting leg 12 and can be rotated separately about the vertical axis and the horizontal axis (not shown). Is supported.

The reflection device 10 includes a support plate 13 as shown in FIG.
The support plate 13 is detachably connected to the adjustment device described above. A bracket 15 is mounted on the support plate 13 via a shaft 14 so as to be rotatable in the direction of arrow A. In this case, the shaft 14 is
In the figure, the first adjustment screw 16 and the spring 17 are provided near the right end of the support plate 13 and on the left end side of the support plate 13. As shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, the first adjusting screw 16 penetrates through the support plate 13 and its tip is in contact with the bracket 15. The spring 17 urges the bracket 15 to rotate in the clockwise direction in FIG. 4 around the shaft 14 so as to keep the first adjustment screw 16 in contact with the bracket 15.

Both ends of the aiming tube 18 are attached to the arms 15a and 15b of the bracket 15 as described later. As shown in FIG. 8, the aiming tube 18 has both end portions formed into cylindrical cylindrical portions 18a and 18b, and an intermediate portion formed into a square quadrangular rectangular tube portion 18c.

On the other hand, the arms 15a and 15b of the bracket 15 are formed in a rectangular frame (see FIGS. 6 and 7), and a support piece 19 is rotatably mounted in the arm 15a via a pin 20. Have been. Further, a support piece 21 is slidably mounted in the arm 15b, and the sliding direction thereof is a direction in which the aiming cylinder 18 is allowed to rotate around the pin 20. A circular hole is formed in each of the support pieces 19 and 21, and the cylindrical portion 18 of the aiming tube 18 is formed in this hole.
a and 18b are rotatably fitted.

As described above, the aiming tube 18 has one end rotatable around the pin 20 via the support piece 19 and the other end slidable, but the two second adjustment screws 22 for adjusting the slide are provided.
Is provided on the arm 15b of the bracket 15 (see FIG. 7). The second adjusting screws 22 are respectively provided before and after in the sliding direction, penetrate the arm 15b, and have the distal ends of the supporting pieces 2 respectively.
Is hitting one. Reference numeral 23 denotes a stop ring, which serves to prevent the aiming tube 18 from coming off the support piece 21.

The sighting tube 18 has a sighting thread 24 stretched in a cross shape at the front and rear ends inside the sighting tube 18, and the intersection thereof serves as a sighting point, and the cylindrical portions 18 a, 18 b
Located in the center of. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, a slit 25 is formed in the rectangular tube portion 18c at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction thereof, and a mirror 26 is formed in the slit 25 as shown in FIG. Removably inserted. A confirmation plate 27 as a confirmation member is fixed to the projection side of the reflected light l 'of the reference light beam l of the square tube portion 18c, and light passes through predetermined positions of the square tube portion 18c and the check plate 27. Hole 28 is drilled. The visible light of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 is applied to this confirmation plate 27,
A mark 27a is provided for confirming whether the reflected light l 'has been correctly aimed at the aiming plates 7, 8 of the cross-section measuring instrument 1.

The bracket 15 is provided with a third adjusting screw 29 as a rotating means for rotating the aiming tube 18, and the third adjusting screw 29 is connected via joints 30, 31 as shown in FIGS. 4 and 6, respectively. Bracket 15 and aiming tube 18 via connecting pieces 32 and 33
Are linked. A third adjusting screw 29 is operated on the joints 30 and 31 so that the sighting tube 18 is rotated and the third adjusting screw 29 is rotated.
Even if the angle between the and the connection pieces 32 and 33 changes, the connection is maintained.

 Next, a supporting device of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 will be described.

As shown in FIG. 9, the supporting device in this embodiment includes a first abutment 35 to which three legs 34 each having an adjustable length 34a whose length can be adjusted are mounted, and a first abutment 35 on the first abutment 35. Adjustment bolt
A second support 37 provided through the second support 37;
And a support table as an XY table 38 attached to the XY table 38. In this case, the first support 35 and the second support 37 are provided with a level (not shown) for detecting that the support surface is horizontal. Also, X-
On the Y table 38, the above-described cross-section measuring instrument 1 is mounted so as to be rotatable while maintaining high-precision parallelism.

The cross-section measuring device 1 and the reflection device 10 are configured as described above, and a method of installing the cross-section in a tunnel using the device will be described.

As described above, when excavating a tunnel, the reflecting device 10 is installed as follows in the vicinity of the side surface of the tunnel where the reference light beam 1 whose position can be recognized in advance by surveying on the face side.

First, the support device 11 is operated and roughly set so that the reference light beam 1 passes through the aiming tube 18 of the reflection device 10.
Then, an adjustment device provided between the support leg 12 and the reflection device 10 is adjusted so that the reference light beam 1 hits the collimation point of the collimation system 24 on the cylindrical portion 18a side of the collimation tube 18. With this adjustment, the position of the sighting cylinder 18 on the cylindrical portion 18a side is determined. However, the cylindrical part 1
On the 8b side, since the reference light beam 1 is set so as to pass through the inside of the cylindrical portion 18, it often deviates from the collimating point of the collimating system 24 on the cylindrical portion 18a side.

Therefore, first, the adjustment in the left-right direction in FIG. 6 is performed by the first adjustment screw 16. At this time, the bracket via the shaft 14
The arm 15b of the fifteen moves in the left-right direction, and is adjusted so that the reference light beam 1 hits the warp of the collimating thread 24. After the adjustment, the second adjusting screws 22 and 23 are operated to operate the cylindrical portion 18b of the aiming tube 18.
The side is adjusted and moved with respect to the bracket 15 in the vertical direction in FIG. At this time, the cylindrical portion 18b side of the aiming cylinder 18 is moved up and down via the pin 20.

In this way, when the reflecting device 10 irradiates the reference light beam 1 to the collimating point of the collimating thread 24 in the cylindrical portion 18a of the sighting cylinder 18, when adjusting the cylindrical portion 18b, which is the opposite side, the adjusting movement is performed. Since the center is located on the side of the cylindrical portion 18a, collimation can be performed extremely easily. In other words, if both ends of the aiming tube 18 are collimated simultaneously with the reference light beam 1, even if one is collimated, the other is likely to shift, and much time is spent until collimating. Such a problem does not occur.

Thus, when the aiming tube 18 is aimed at the reference light beam 1, the mirror 26 is mounted on the slit 25. At this time, since the mirror 26 is set at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the optical axis of the reference light beam 1, the reference light beam 1 is reflected by 90 ° and projected through the through hole 28 toward the center of the tunnel.

Next, when the third adjusting screw 29 of the reflection device 10 is operated, the aiming cylinder 18 rotates with respect to the support pieces 19 and 21. At this time, since the reference light beam 1 is collimated at the center of the aiming tube 18, the aiming tube 18 rotates around the reference light beam l. Therefore, even if the aiming tube 18 is rotated, the reflected light l 'can be directed up and down without impairing the collimation of the reference light beam l. In addition, since the angle between the reference light 1 and the mirror 26 does not change, the reference light 1
And the reflected light l 'maintain the perpendicularity.

Then, the third adjusting screw 29 is operated so that the reflected light l 'is directed downward to the ground, and the reflected light l' is applied to the cross-section measuring device 1
Roughly know where to install. Then, when the reflected light l ′ is directed upward to the place where the teaching was made, the light was almost
What is necessary is just to install the cross-section measuring instrument 1 at a position corresponding to 8.

Thus, when the installation location of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 is roughly determined, the first support 35 and the second support 36 supported by the cross-section measuring instrument 1 are adjusted by a level so as to be sequentially horizontal. .

Next, the direction of the reflected light l 'is turned upward by the third adjusting screw 29. Then, the direction of the section measuring instrument 1 is rotated and the XY table 38 is operated so that the reflected light l 'impinges on the aiming thread 7a of the aiming plate 7 and the aiming line 8a of the aiming plate 8 with the reflected light l'. Then, the position is adjusted to determine the installation position of the cross-section measuring instrument 1.
At this time, the visible light L of the cross-section measuring instrument 1
If it corresponds to a, it can be confirmed that the above parallelism is obtained.

Thus, in the cross-section measuring instrument 1 whose installation position is determined by the reflected light l ', the rotation axis of the measuring head 3 and the reference light beam l are parallel, that is, the rotation axis is parallel to the tunnel axis, and the correct cross section of the tunnel can be measured. That is, it means that the cross-section measuring instrument 1 is installed at a correct position.

Next, a specific method for recognizing the installation position of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 thus accurately installed will be described.

In FIG. 2, the coordinates of the reference ray 1 are (Xo, Yo), and the coordinates of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 are (X, Y), as viewed from the axial direction of the tunnel.
Then, the coordinates (Xo, Yo) of the reference light beam 1 are known by the surveying, so that the coordinates (X, Y) of the cross-section measuring device 1 are the angle θ from the horizontal plane to the emission angle of the reflected light l ′, If the length D from the measuring instrument 1 to the reference light beam 1 is known, it can be calculated by the following equation: X = Xo−lcosθ Y = Yo + lcosθ

Here, the emission angle is the inclination when the reflected light beam is applied to a predetermined position of the sight plate 7. The measurement of the angle θ is
After the measuring direction of the measuring head 3 is set to a horizontal position, the measuring head 3 is rotated to a position where the measuring direction is parallel to the reflected light l '. In other words, the visible light L of the cross-section measuring instrument 1
The rotation of the measuring head 3 is stopped at a position corresponding to 27a, and the angle θ therebetween is detected as a cross section. The rotation angle of the measuring head 3 can be easily determined by the cross-section measuring device itself.

Further, a predetermined position of the cross-section measuring instrument 1, that is, the measuring head 30
The length D from the axis of rotation of the to the reference beam l is
It can be calculated by measuring the distance to the confirmation plate 27 by itself and adding the distance from the confirmation plate 27 to the reference light beam 1 to this distance. Note that the length of the reference beam 1 from the confirmation plate 27 is
The radius of 18 and the thickness of the confirmation plate 27 are constants.

Thus, the angle θ from the horizontal to the emission angle and the length D can be easily calculated using the cross-section measuring device 1 itself, and the numerical values are included in the above-described formula, whereby the coordinates (X, Y) turns out.

Thus, the installation position of the cross-section measuring instrument 1 that is accurately installed can be easily recognized using the cross-section measuring instrument 1 itself.

By the way, when aiming the reflected light l ′ at the irradiation plates 7 and 8,
It is advantageous in terms of accuracy to aim at a position as close to the measuring head 3 as possible. This will be described with reference to FIG. 10. The reflected light l ′ of the reference light beam l and the measurement wave S are not parallel but have an angle α.
This displacement increases as the position where the reflected light l 'is aimed at the irradiation plates 7 and 8 is farther from the measuring head 3. However, in the actual measurement of the cross-sectional shape of the tunnel, since the distance from the reference light beam 1 to the measuring instrument 1 is as long as several meters, the angle α shift is within an allowable error.

FIG. 11 shows an embodiment in which the above-mentioned error can be eliminated. In this embodiment, aiming plates 7 and 8 are attached to the side of the measuring head 3. In this case, the aiming plate 7 is provided with a cross-shaped aiming thread 7a, and the aiming plate 8 is provided with a cross-shaped aiming mark (not shown). This cross-shaped aiming thread
The aiming positions of 7a and the cross-shaped aiming mark coincide with each other in the horizontal direction at the same height level as the reception position of the measurement wave S, and in the vertical direction, both coincide with the predetermined length from the reception position of the measurement wave S. Each is set as follows.

With this configuration, the level becomes the same as the receiving position of the measurement wave S in the horizontal direction, and there is no shift between the measurement wave S and the reflected light l '. That is, since the angle α becomes zero, more accurate measurement is possible.

(Effect)

According to the present invention, according to the above configuration, the reflected reference laser beam is rotated about the optical axis of the reference laser beam and applied to a predetermined portion of the cross-sectional measuring device, and the visible light of the cross-sectional measuring device is applied to a predetermined portion of the reflecting device. The cross-section measuring instrument is set at the correct position based on the reference laser beam when measuring. Then, the position can be recognized from the reference laser beam by measuring the distance and the angle to the predetermined portion of the reflection device using the cross-section measuring device. Therefore, the present invention makes it possible to use the functions of the reflection device and the cross-section measuring instrument itself to set the cross-section measuring instrument at a correct position for measurement, and to easily know the position.
In addition, according to the present invention, since the reflected reference laser beam is rotated about the optical axis of the reference laser beam, the height of the cross-section measuring device can be set at an arbitrary height.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an example of a cross-section measuring instrument, FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view illustrating an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged perspective view of FIG. 2, and FIGS. FIG. 8 is a plan view, a front view, a right side view, a right side view, and an exploded perspective view of the reflection device. FIG. 9 is a front view showing an example of a support device of the cross-section measuring device.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory view for explaining a shift between a measurement wave and reflected light, and FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing another embodiment of the present invention. 1 Cross section measuring device, 3 Measurement head 7, 8 Sighting plate, 10 Reflection device 26 Mirror, l Reference light beam l 'Reflected light

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (72) Inventor Mami Ishiguchi Saitama Prefecture Tokorozawa City Oyama Yamaguchi 5216-1-105- 2-302 (72) Inventor Tadanobu Kashiwa 6-8-7 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Fuji Bussan Stock In-company (72) Inventor Kiyoshi Udagawa 6-8-7 Ginza, Chuo-ku, Tokyo Inside Fuji Bussan Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-60-149912 (JP, A) JP-A-61-117396 (JP, A)

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. A distance and an angle from a measuring section to a measuring point can be measured, the measuring section is illuminated with visible light to inform a point to be measured, and the measuring section is rotated to form a sectional shape. A method for measuring a cross section of a measurement site where a reference laser beam is provided, using a cross section measuring device to measure, wherein the reference laser beam is reflected by a reflecting device so that a reflection angle becomes a right angle. Rotating the reflected reference laser beam around the optical axis of the reference laser beam and hitting it at a predetermined location of the cross-section measuring instrument, and then applying visible light of the cross-section measuring instrument to a predetermined location of the reflection device to perform the cross-section measurement A method for measuring a position of a measuring device, comprising: recognizing a position of a measuring instrument; 2. The method for measuring a cross section according to claim 1, wherein the reflected reference laser beam is centered on an optical axis of the reference laser beam before the reflected reference laser beam is applied to a predetermined portion of the cross section measuring device. A measurement method, comprising: rotating the display so as to contact an installation surface of the cross-sectional measurement device to display an approximate installation position of the cross-section measurement device. 3. The distance and angle from the measuring section to the measuring point can be measured, the measuring section irradiates with visible light to inform the measuring point, and the measuring section is rotated to change the cross-sectional shape. A cross-sectional measuring device for measuring, in a device for measuring a cross-section of the measurement site is provided with a reference laser beam using the cross-sectional measuring device, an aiming member to aim at the optical axis of the reference laser beam at two or more points, A reflecting member detachably attached to the aiming member at an angle of 45 degrees with respect to the optical axis of the reference laser beam, rotating means for rotating the aiming member around the optical axis of the reference laser beam, and the cross section A reflection device having a confirmation member for aiming visible light of the measuring device, wherein the cross-section measuring device is provided with a target for aiming the reflected reference laser beam from the reflection device. Measuring device for the butterflies. 4. The apparatus for measuring a cross section according to claim 3, wherein the aiming member comprises: an aiming tube through which the reference laser beam can pass; and collimating portions provided at both ends of the aiming tube. Wherein the aiming tube is mounted so that one end thereof can be adjusted and moved about the other end.