JP2633454B2 - Tooth articulator - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to two pivot / slides which extend forward in their working position, one of which pivots about a pivot axis which extends perpendicularly to a vertical longitudinal center plane. Spherical heads having articulator arms attached to the joints, the joints being disposed on opposite sides of a vertical longitudinal center plane as mirror images, each engaging through an opening in a joint recess and an internal recess of a joint housing. Wherein the articulation recess has a sagittal guide surface, a Bennett guide surface and a lateral guide surface, and a fixation device having a fixation element for fixing the associated pivot / slide joint in its O-position (final occlusal position) Cooperating with the associated pivoting / sliding joint, the fixing element relates to a tooth articulator that can be adjusted between a fixed position and a released position allowing a sliding movement of the associated pivoting / sliding joint.

[0002] A tooth articulator is a movement simulator in which mandibular movement can be simulated and is necessary for the production of tooth replacements, for example dentures or bridge dentures. The main parts of the articulator that are significant in this respect are the lower and upper parts that carry the lower and upper tooth models, the axis of rotation of the final occlusal position of which extends perpendicular to the vertical center plane of the articulator. Are joined together at existing rotating / sliding joints. Around this axis of rotation of the rotary / sliding joint on each side of the articulator, the dental prosthesis set thus formed can be opened and closed by pivoting the upper part of the vertical center plane. Further, forward, lateral and inward movements can be performed as is possible at the mandibular joint.

There are articulators in which the articular ball is located in the lower part and the associated sliding joint guide is located in the upper part. This type of articulator is called an "alcon articulator". Conversely, non-Arcon articulators have an articular ball located in the upper part,
A sliding joint guide is arranged in the lower part.

[0004]

The known articulators on the one hand are distinguished between different types with respect to their principle movement. In most articulators, the simulation of mandibular movement is simulated by moving the upper part, and thus the upper jaw. In a known articulator, an articulated head arranged on an upright support rim of the articulator and having a pivoting / sliding joint facing upward engaging a joint recess opening at the lower side of a joint housing arranged in an upper part. It is provided as. Because of this known structure, the spherical heads are held in the O-position by screws pressing them.

[0005] Similar constructions are provided with other known articulators. In this known construction, the lateral guide surface and the Bennett guide surface of the associated joint recess can be simultaneously pushed obliquely inward by screws. The two known structures are disadvantageous for several reasons. One disadvantage is that the Bennett movement is limited or at least incompatible with anatomical factors of the human body. On the other hand, due to the screws, very complicated tasks are inevitable, for example when the articulator has to be adjusted or the upper part has to be removed from the lower part. Furthermore, these known structures are unsuitable for adjustable guide surfaces, such as lateral or Bennett guide surfaces. In both cases, adjustment of the guide surface results in a position difference between the lower part and the upper part.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to improve the mounting between the lower and upper parts, and furthermore to make it easier to assemble and disassemble and to enable the mounting to be carried out in a manner which is convenient for the user. It is to provide a structure to do.

[0007]

Means for Solving the Problems As set forth in claim 1,
In an embodiment according to the invention, the interconnection between the upper part and the lower part is ensured by a forming fixed connection which is effective in the fixed position of the fixing element between the latter and the associated spherical head. In the fixed position, correct mounting is ensured by this means and by adjusting the fixing element to its released position,
The locking position is released automatically and the associated joint can perform the desired sliding movement. In this embodiment according to the invention,
The O-position of the joint is independent of the guide surface of the joint extending transversely to the pivot axis. This independence also makes it possible to adjust the guide surface without compromising the mounting.

[0008] In the embodiment according to claim 2, the exact O-position of the joint is a simple design since only a part of the joint where the joint head should be elastically biased needs to be utilized. Achieved. The other part of the joint is formed by an elastically effective fixing element. According to the embodiment of claim 3, when performing the sliding movement of the joint, the user can perform the movement without paying attention to whether there is contact between the spherical head and each guide surface during use, Operation is facilitated.
This may be a sagittal guideway, a Bennett guideway and / or a lateral guideway. Within the scope of the invention, it is possible for the elastic spring force to act upwardly on the sagittal guide surface. This spring force desirably aims to ensure an automatic abutment of the spherical head against the sagittal guide surface and to automatically return the joint to its O-position.

[0009] An embodiment according to claim 4 allows a user to conveniently adjust the fixing element between its fixed position and its open position, thereby facilitating removal or mounting of the upper part. Features which result in a structure of a simple, easily adjustable and operationally reliable type which can be manufactured economically are contained in the dependent claims. Various further claims relate to the optional adjustment of the more varied guide surfaces of the pivot / slide joint.

[0010]

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The invention and further advantages which can be achieved thereby will be described in more detail with reference to preferred embodiments and drawings. Only the main parts of the articulator 1 that are operatively significant are described below. These are a lower articulator arm 2 and an upper articulator arm 3, which pivot about a pivot 5 extending perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal center plane E1 of the articulator extending from front to back. As such, it is pivotally mounted to a U-shaped mounting or frame 6 having two laterally upwardly extending frame rims 7. The pivot bearing portions 9 on both sides of the frame are arranged at the upper end of the frame rim 7. It is preferably a so-called Alcon articulator with a rotating or pivoting / sliding joint 11 in which the sliding guide 12 is located on the upper articulator arm 3. Behind or in the central region of the articulator arms 2, 3 on their facing sides, respectively,
Screw 15 and articulator arm 2 passing through the through hole through 3
An associated tooth model or tooth model base location region 13 is provided which can be positioned and coupled by an alignment pin 16 projecting from 3. In the figure, the lower and upper jaw models UK, O
Two primary bases 19 for K are shown. At the front end of one articulator arm 2,3, here the lower articulator arm 2, a telescopic support pin 22 extending above it is removably supported at its free end, and the other articulator arm, here A cutting edge plate 21 is provided which is detachably attached to the end of the upper articulator arm 3. The coupling or fixing elements for the incision plate and the support pins 22 are preferably the same so that the incision plate 21 and the support pins 22 can be fixed to either the upper or lower articulator arms 2, 3 at positions facing each other as required. Or match each other. In each case, each matching slit 23a,
23b extends for attachment preferably to the longitudinal center plane and passes vertically through the associated articulator arm 2, 3 and serves to open at its free end. In these similar fitting slits, if necessary, the edge plate 21 or the support pin 22
Can be provided at mutually matching slit ends which form a stop which restricts sliding movement through the corresponding waist, and can be screwed into the associated articulator arms 2, 3 by means of a thread 31. The two primary bases 19 have alignment holes 17 for alignment pins 16 (FIG. 3).

The articulator 1 comprises a lower articulator arm 2, a lower portion 35 including an articulating head 36 projecting coaxially inward from the inside of the frame 6 and the frame rim 7, an upper articulator arm 3, an articulating hub portion. An adjustable upper portion 37 including two joint housings 39 mounted laterally thereto and the articulating head 36 attached to each pivot / slide joint 11.
a. The upper portion 37a is releasably held at the pivot / sliding joint 11 by two central locks 42 associated with the joint housing 39. Each central lock 42 has a C-shaped locking bow 43 which reaches below the associated articulation head 36 in its retracted closed position and thereby secures it to the existing transverse joint recess 40 which opens downward.

The articulator arm of the present embodiment has a lower articulator arm 2 as well as preferably an upper articulator arm 3 when the lower jaw UK and the upper jaw OK are in the final occlusion position, one above the other ( FIG. 2) It is arranged to be arranged substantially horizontally. The occlusal surface 45 also extends substantially horizontally and thus parallel to the horizontal table or work surface carrying the articulator 1.

From this final occlusal position, the lower jaw movement can be simulated by the articulator 1 corresponding to the anatomy of the human body. However, in this embodiment, for this, it is not the lower jaw UK or lower part 35 that can be moved; rather, it is the upper part 37 that has an upper jaw OK that can be moved relative to the lower part 35 (Arcon articulator). is there. Thus, the movements in question are mainly opening and closing movements, forward movements, side movements and inward movements. To make this possible, the articulator 1
The laterally and downwardly open joints 11 or articulated recesses 40 arranged as mirror images of each other with respect to the vertical longitudinal center plane E1 of the upper sagittal guide surface 46, which is curved and inclined forward, respectively, Bennett guide surface 4 which forms a sharp open Bennett angle 48 at the longitudinal center plane E1
7, extending transversely to the vertical center plane E1, and in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 3 to 9 extending parallel to the pivot axis 5 in the final occlusal position, the so-called O-position, but also to the horizontal pivot axis. 5 has an upright and lateral guide surface 49 which can form a so-called shift angle 52 (shown in FIG. 9). Therefore, the joint recess 40 is rearwardly moved by the respective lateral guide surfaces 49 to the Bennett guide surfaces 47.
Inwardly and upwardly by a sagittal guide surface 46. The latter curve is forward-facing, first convex and then concave so that its front end region extends into the lower bow.

Each joint recess 40 is preferably located in an associated bearing portion 53 that is adjustable in four degrees of freedom, is fixed in each arrangement, and may be provided in an associated joint housing 39 described below. In this embodiment, the lateral guide surface 49 is not part of the associated bearing part 53, but in this embodiment it is provided by a cylinder 54 provided so that it is offset behind and below the pivot 5 so that it is parallel. A separate part that is formed and similarly provided in the associated joint housing 39 that is the central axis of the joint head 36 so that its outer surface 55 forms the lateral guide surface 49 in the O-position. In the O-position, the cylinder 54 is disposed at the O-position together with the rear end region of the sagittal guide surface 46 and the outer surface 55 of the joint pin 36 formed by each spherical head 36a.
To be joined backwards. In this rear bearing position, which corresponds to the final occlusal position, the point of contact B between the spherical head 36a and the sagittal guide surface 46 is on the vertical transverse plane E2 containing the pivot 5, while the contact point between the spherical head 36a and the lateral guide portion 54 Contact point C is substantially horizontal, preferably about 30
It lies in a plane E3 containing the pivot 5 which is arranged inclined backwards at an angle of °. Behind the contact points B and C, the associated joint recess 40 may be open or extend from the contact point B in the form of a crescent, and when the lateral guide portion 54 is removed as described below, for example about 1.5 mm Up to the upper portion 37a.

Each of the two center locks 40, arranged as mirror images of one another with respect to the vertical longitudinal center plane E1, has a fixed position as shown in FIG. 6A and in FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C. It has a joint fixing portion 57 which can be adjusted between a sliding joint releasing position as shown and an opening position as shown in FIG. 6 (D) and can be releasably fixed at each position. In this embodiment, the fixed part 57 is a crescent-shaped fixed bow provided on the articulated bolt to pivot with its leg end 58 in the rear upper region of the associated joint housing 39 about a pivot axis 59 extending parallel to the pivot axis 5. 43, starting from the leg end 58, it first extends downward with the rear bow 61 and then forwards with the lower bow 62 in the form of a hook, whereby the latter is 6 and a distance below the associated spherical head 36a, thereby projecting into its associated joint recess 40 with its free end in its fixed position shown in FIG.

The fixed bow 43 is arranged at a normal center position of the upper portion 37 on a vertical plane E4 extending in parallel with the vertical longitudinal center plane E1 including the center point 64 of the spherical head 36a, and is provided rotatably. (See FIG. 9). Fixed bow 43
Consists of a hard, elastic material, for example hard steel or spring steel. In its normal position, the free end region 6 of the lower arcuate portion 62
2a is a pivot 59 slightly smaller than the amount a between the pivot 59 and the outer surface 55 of the lateral guide portion 54 facing away therefrom.
At a radial distance from Accordingly, when the fixed bow 43 is pivoted to the locked position shown in FIG. 6, the free end region 62a of the lower bow 62 will be pushed radially inward at the point of contact D between it and the spherical head 36a. Thus, the upper portion is bent slightly radially outwardly so as to pull the upper portion into contact points B and C with the spherical head 36a. The upper part 37a is thereby in the vertical plane E4, ie it is centered in the longitudinal direction X at the point of the three-point bearing and is fixedly mounted.

One of the two center locks 42, here FIG.
The central lock 42a disposed on the left of the sliding joint 11
Is formed as an effective fixed bearing in the fixed position of the fixed bow 43 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the swivel axis 5, i.e. the transverse direction Y, while the other here the right center lock 42b is formed as a movable bearing. This prevents relative displacement between the lower and upper parts 35, 37a in the longitudinal direction of the pivot 5, ie in the transverse direction Y, in the O-position, but allows the upper part 37a to pivot about the pivot 5. This is ensured by a fixed connection formed integral with the fixed bearing 42a. As is clearly shown in FIG. 9, this form-locking connection is formed by a groove 66 in the free end region 62a of the lower arcuate part 62, which groove extends in the vertical plane E4, and whose groove flank is preferably wedge-shaped 67 is supported by the spherical head 36a, so that the fixed bow 43 together with the upper part 37a is centered laterally Y on the spherical head 36a. In the area of the movable bearing 42 b, on the other hand, the associated fixed bow 43 is not fixed in the longitudinal direction of the pivot 5. Here, the bearing surface of the free end region 62a supporting the spherical head 36a may be a flat lateral surface or the spherical head 36 as shown in FIG.
It may be rounded concavely with a radius greater than the radius of a.

The upper part 37 with respect to the lower part 35 in the lateral direction Y
The centering of a is performed by the Bennett guide surface 47 and the guide recess 40.
The radius of the curve R (FIG. 9) between the side guide surface 47 and the side of the associated spherical head 36a can be slightly larger than the radius of the associated spherical head 36a. The smaller crescent space is the spherical head 3
Made inside 6a. In the case of an inward movement, this embodiment allows a so-called initial bending at the onset of the Bennett movement.

The two fixed bows 43 are each outwardly, on their inner side with respect to the bearing surface 68 (FIG. 5) of the laterally oriented associated joint housing 39 and through which the lateral side of the upper part 35 is located. Centering is ensured. Further, the fixed bow portion 43 has a vertical surface E4.
At a certain radial distance from the pivot axis 59. For this purpose, a stabilizing part is provided in which the lower arcuate part 62 slides on its circuit. In this embodiment, the stabilizing portion is formed by a stabilizing screw 69 that is screwed externally from the lower arcuate portion 62 to each associated joint housing 39, with the screw head having an inner and / or outer lateral guide for the lower arcuate portion 62. Formed on the surface, thus stabilizing it laterally.

From the free end 62a of the lower arcuate portion 62, a radially, obliquely outwardly bent arcuate extension 72 is provided.
Is arranged so that it extends substantially parallel to the sagittal guide surface 46 in the sliding joint release position shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C. In this sliding joint release position, the device is such that the upper part 37a can be displaced with respect to the lower part 35 along the sagittal guide (see in particular FIG. 6C),
The arcuate extension 72 is adapted to press upward against the spherical head 36a. This ensures that the sagittal guide surface 46 abuts the associated spherical head 36a not only at the O-position of the pivot joint 11, but also at any sliding position thereof. Therefore, the intended lower jaw movement is, as in the known structure,
It can be performed anatomically without having to manually assist the user in ensuring abutment against the sagittal guide surface 46. Thus, the user can pay more attention and effort to the condition of the tooth area during displacement.

The arcuate extension 72 may also serve to prevent removal of the upper portion 37a from the lower portion 35 in the sliding joint release position shown in FIGS. 6B and 6C. This is accomplished by the arcuate extension 72 closing the lower opening of the joint recess 40 to the extent that the associated spherical head 36a does not exit. The fixing against said elastic contact pressure and removal is also ensured by a spring-elastic additional part of the fixed bow 43. Such an elastic part is shown schematically in FIGS.
And 8 are shown in enlarged dimensions and designated by reference numeral 73.
It is a spherical head 36a with elastic spring force in the direction of the pivot axis 5.
Has a flexible tongue 71 projecting beyond the free end of the lower arcuate rim 62 pushing against it.

Therefore, the sagittal guide surface 46 is spherical head 3
In addition to being pre-biased downward with respect to 6a, the joint housing 39 is also pulled obliquely downward, ie to the O-position of the joint 11. The guiding of the upper part 37a is thereby made substantially easier since the joining device automatically returns to the O-position by spring force. This return movement is at least helped.

The guide or stabilizing screw 69 of the present embodiment has its associated fixed bow 43 in its sliding joint release position (FIG. 6B, (B) in a manner that can be resiliently overcome by applying sufficient pressure. C)) to perform the purpose of coupling the pivoting movement to the closed position (FIG. 6A) or the open position (FIG. 6D). To this end, a recess may be provided in the arcuate portion 62 where the shaft of the stabilizing screw 69 can resiliently engage due to the elasticity of the arcuate portion 62. A second lower arcuate portion 62b is preferably disposed at a distance radially outwardly from the lower arcuate portion 62, the second arcuate portion being curved substantially parallel to the first arcuate portion 62. At its rear end, preferably in one piece, the fixed bow 43, here the lower bow 61
Joined to. In this embodiment, the fixing recess 77 is preferably provided inside the resiliently outwardly bendable arcuate portion 62b of the second engagement lower portion, and when a sufficient force is applied, the sliding joint release position is established. The axis of the stabilizing screw 67 can be overcome. Such a further fixing recess 77 or stop defining the path of movement between the arcuate parts 62, 62 b can be provided for the open and / or fixed position of the fixing bow 43. Outside or below the second arcuate portion 62b, there is formed a radially outwardly extending grip handle portion 78 that can be manually grasped to pivot the fixed bow 43 to its desired position. .

As is clearly shown in FIG.
Consists of a rectangular block-shaped leg part 79 from the lower end which extends forward and upward in an arcuate shape with an elastic partial bow 83 carrying an elastic tongue 71 extending obliquely upward and forward at its free end. As shown in FIG. 8, the elastic partial bow 83 and the elastic tongue 7
1 is offset outwardly with respect to the leg part 79. From the outside, the leg part 79 is provided with the upright extending leg 6
A vertically inwardly-opening guide slit 82 is formed in the leg part 79 which can be attached to the 2b and can be held between the arcuate parts 62, 62b in a form-fixing manner. When viewed from above, the resilient partial bow 83 and the resilient tongue 71 are located outside adjacent to the associated fixed bow 43 so that the resilient tongue 71 of both resilient parts 73 is tapered joint head of the associated joint head 36 Push the shaft 36b. The elastic part 73, formed and arranged as a mirror image with respect to the vertical longitudinal center plane E1, is preferably an injection-molded part of elastic plastics material.

The three degrees of freedom for the bearing portion 53 of each pivot / slide bearing 11 will now be described. The first degree of freedom includes a swivel bearing 83 (FIG. 11) in which the associated joint housing 39 can be rotated about the swivel axis 5 and can be fixed in the associated rotational position. Thus, the inclination of the sagittal guideway 46 (also known in the art as a condylar tract) can be adjusted as desired in an angular range between about -15 and +75 degrees to the Frankfurt horizontal. To facilitate adjustment, the scale is related joint housing 3
9 and the upper portion 37a of the edge of the hub portion 38, or in the region of each joint between the hub portions 38 of the joint housing 39. Preferably there are two graduations, one of which indicates the rotational position with respect to the plane of the campel and the other indicates the rotational position with respect to the Frankfurt horizontal plane. The two slewing bearings 83 are arranged as mirror images about the vertical longitudinal center plane E1.

In this embodiment, each joint housing 39 has a circular bearing pin 84 which projects coaxially inward and is provided to rotate with little play in the coaxial bearing bore of the hub portion 38. The abutment of the joint housing 39 against the lateral front surface of the hub portion 38 with the ring shoulder surface 85 ensures the correct lateral position of the associated bearing housing 39. A cylindrical retaining bolt 86 is coaxially mounted for rotation with a bearing pin 84 and is centrally located at the hub portion 38 and a threaded shaft 87 projecting into a rear opening recess 88 is then coaxially inwardly directed therefrom. Protrude. An adjusting nut 89 is screwed onto each threaded shaft 87 of the holding bolt 86 by a radial chuck lever 91, and is desirably displaceable in the longitudinal direction, but tightens the holding bolt 86 which is not rotatable by the radial wall 92. For example, the fixedly inserted extension part is pulled inward,
This pulls the associated joint housing 39 with the bolt head 86a against the current axial abutment, thus securing it against unnecessary rotation. Due to the rotational positioning of the joint housing 39, the associated bearing parts 53 are moved to their sagittal guide surfaces 46.
Is located with respect to the inclination of

For additional axial fixation of the rotatable joint housing 39 to the bearing hub 38, an outer circumferential groove 90 may be provided on the outer surface of the bearing pin 84, with an engaging member attached to the bearing hub having slight play. To engage. The latter is desirably located in the cross hole and is formed by a pin 90a that engages the semi-circular outer circumferential groove 90 and thus ensures rotation while preventing axial displacement.

The second degree of freedom is formed by a slewing bearing 94 (FIG. 6), wherein each bearing part 53 can be rotated about a vertical axis of rotation 94a and can be fixed in an associated rotational position.
By this means, a selected Bennett angle 48 of, for example, approximately 5 ° to 25 ° can be set. The vertical axis of rotation 94a intersects the pivot 5;
Can be adjusted horizontally around the O- point of In this embodiment, each bearing part 53 is associated with an associated joint housing 3 positioned thereon.
9 has a vertically upwardly projecting bearing bolt 95 that passes upwardly through the wall 96 and projects through a hole 96a. It can be screwed into the end thread of the bearing bolt 95, for example a sleeve 97
By means of the adjusting nut 98, which is effective against the preferably flat upper side of the joint housing 39, the bearing part 53 can be tightened and released again at its respective rotational position. To facilitate manual rotation, the holding groove 99 or the holding rib is provided in the bearing portion 5.
3 is provided on the front side. Due to the scale of the joint housing 39 and a part, for example the area of the joint between the bearing part 53 and the rotatable sleeve 97, the desired rotation setting of one or both bearing parts 53 can be adjusted precisely.

The third degree of freedom of the bearing portion 53 can be freely set in the longitudinal direction of the turning shaft 5, and is provided so as to be fixed at each set position. This is the bearing bolt 9 of the joint housing 39
5 is enabled by a lateral adjustment guide 101 which is effective in the lateral direction Y integrated into the bearing. A longitudinal hole 96a is provided for this purpose. In this embodiment, it is advantageous to associate the transmission 102 with a lateral adjustment guide 101 formed by eccentric transmission. By actuating the associated drive element, here the eccentric bearing ring 103, its rotational movement is
Is translated into a lateral motion with respect to the bearing portion 53 directed along. The eccentric bearing ring 103 has a vertical bearing bore 104 so that it can be rotatably mounted on the bearing bolt 95 with little play. The eccentric bearing ring 103 has on one side a hub part 105 which is an eccentric bearing bore 104, in which the vertical part of a compensation ring 107 which serves the purpose of a compensating component of the eccentric drive movement transverse to the pivot 5. It is rotatably mounted in the bearing bore 106 with a slight play. For this reason, the compensation ring 107 is
7 provided on either side with two vertical guide surfaces 108 extending at right angles to the pivot 5 formed by the outer flats of
It can be displaced on two corresponding guide surfaces 109 of the longitudinal guide, which intersects the pivot 5 and is also fixed against rotation in this way. The guide surface 109 is a horizontal concave base 1 on which the eccentric hub part 105 and the compensation ring 107 slide when viewed from above.
The surfaces of the substantially rectangular recesses 111 of the twelve associated joint housings 39 face each other. The guide wall 96 of the joint housing 39 which is tapered by the recess 111 forms a horizontal guide surface 114 therebelow for the associated bearing part 53. In the lateral adjustment guide 101, the associated bearing part 53 can be continuously adjusted, set and fixed in the range of adjustment from 0 to about 2 mm, the purpose of which is served by an adjustment nut 98. The range of adjustment is directed inward from the relevant normal position. By this means,
A so-called initial bend in the starting area of the relevant Bennett movement can be set for each bearing 11. For this purpose, the eccentric bearing ring 1
03 is the compensation ring 107 and / or the associated joint housing 39
And preferably has a projection formed as a flange 103a supported on the upper side of the eccentric bearing ring 1
03 has a gripping groove or notch on its outer periphery to facilitate manual gripping to rotate. Desirably, by the scale of the joint area between the flange 103a and the joint housing 39,
Each setting can be determined and indicated. The flange 103a preferably has a fitting pin which can be bent vertically and can be resiliently engaged on the upper side of the compensation ring 107 or in the fitting recess of the joint housing 39, thus forming a constraint for the step-wise adjustment.

Furthermore, a fourth degree of freedom at each joint 11 is associated with a bearing portion 53 for any adjustment of the shift angle 52. In the present embodiment, the rear lateral guide surface 49 is a part of the part remote from the associated bearing portion 53, i.e. the lateral guide portion 54, so that the shift angle 52 of the lateral guide surface 49 replaces or By adjustment, it can be adjusted stepwise or continuously independently of the other guide surfaces of the associated bearing part 53. This purpose is fulfilled by different lateral guide surfaces 49 having different shift angles 52 which can be arranged in one or more interchangeable lateral guide parts. 12 to 14 show a lateral guide portion 54a in which a plurality of different lateral guide surfaces 49a to 49e are arranged circumferentially offset from one another. One of these lateral guide surfaces, namely lateral guide surface 49a, is
It is arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of a, or pivot axis 5, and thus replaces the cylindrical outer surface 55 of the cylindrical lateral guide part 54 shown in FIG.

The lateral guide portion 54 shown in FIGS.
a, the lateral guide surfaces 49a to 49e are bolt shaft 1
17 are arranged on the head portion 116. In this embodiment, five shift angles 52 that are graded with respect to each other are realized, and for the shift angle of the lateral guide surface 49e, about-
The shift angle of the lateral guide surface 49c ranges from about +30 to 35 ° over a range of 10 to 15 °. The lateral guide surface 49a is formed to be axis-parallel in the Y direction so that the shift angle is equal to zero. Shift angle 5 in the negative region
The lateral guide surface 49e having a 2 can be realized by a partial radial projection 116a in the lateral outer end region of the head portion 116.

The cylindrical bolt shaft 117 has a thread 118 at its free end and can be inserted from the outside with the bolt shaft 117 into the bearing bore of the associated joint housing 39 and mounted therein with slight play. . The bearing bore is offset a few millimeters rearward so that the lateral guide surfaces 49a to 49e can pivot to a position corresponding to the contact point C by rotating this lateral guide portion 54a with respect to the pivot axis 5. In order to hold the bolt shaft 117, the bolt shaft 1
17 (see FIGS. 4 and 5)
The upper slit recess 12 of the associated joint housing 39, which is open rearward, so that its outer periphery, from which it can be gripped, projects slightly from the outer surface of the joint housing 39.
A knurl is provided on its outer periphery, which is placed at zero. After the lateral guide portion 54a is gripped and removed by the head portion 116 for adjustment, the threaded nut 119 is
In the -position, the associated lateral guide surface 49 is rotated to support the spherical head 36a in the center of the upper part 37a.

Within the scope of the present invention, FIG.
It is also possible to use the lateral guide part 54b shown in FIG.
A plurality of lateral guide surfaces 49a to 49 different from each other
e and smoothly merge with each other in the outer circumferential direction in the form of an envelope curved surface. Continuous adjustment of the shift angle 52 is thereby made possible. Further, the lateral guide portion 54b and also the lateral guide portion 54 shown in FIG. 6 can be formed like the lateral guide portion 54a, so that it can be pulled and released.

The projecting guide 125 or the longitudinal guide shown in FIG. 16 cooperates with the joint 11 which makes it possible to displace the upper part 37a of the joint 11 which is preferably parallel to the vertical longitudinal center plane E1. Work. To this end, the upper and lower guide parts cooperate with the respective joints 11 which are displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the articulator 1 arranged side by side. In this embodiment,
A guide groove 127 formed by the outer circumferential groove of the associated joint head shaft 36b is provided on each side where the ledge or disc-shaped guide slide 128 engages and is guided therein during the extrusion movement.
Thereby, the upper part 37 is guided longitudinally, while the Bennett guide surface 47 releases the spherical head 36a.

Preferably, the guide slide 128 is designed such that it forms a transmission drive for the forward pushing movement of the upper part. The guide sliding portion 128 is provided for the related joint head 3.
6, a rotating part which is formed in an inclined or eccentric sense with respect to the axis of rotation. The rotating disc-shaped guide slide 128 is attached to the lateral guide part 54 and can be made from one or two parts. For this purpose, the guide sliding portion 128 is, as shown in FIG.
7 so that it can be provided as a replaceable part for the lateral guide parts 54, 54a, 54b. Due to the upward inclination, the upper part 37a is moved forward by the eccentric inclined surface 129 by the forward or clockwise uniform rotation of both guide slides 128, and the guide slide 128 driven by eccentricity fulfills its function. . Desirably, the slopes of the guide slides 128 are dimensioned such that when they are rotated, a projecting movement of up to several mm, for example up to 5 or even up to about 10 mm, can be made. For backward movement of the upper part 37a, the guide slide 128 must be rotated in reverse. The upper part 37a must be automatically returned by the elastic rebound of the fixed bow 43 or its elastic part 73, and the current eccentric transmission can carefully control the return movement.

Within the scope of the present invention, a guide slide 128 with each hook-shaped guide portion 131 shown schematically in FIG.
Can be provided, whereby the inclined surface 129 forms a guide groove, which also creates a forced guidance for the reverse movement. On the outer circumference of the semi-circular disk of the guide slide 128, which is particularly clearly shown in FIG. Is provided. Between these two areas, a round recess 133 is provided on the current disk-shaped outer periphery, which represents the interruption of the projecting guide 125. When the projecting guides 125 are not in the operating position, the guide slides 128 with their recesses 133 are located in the area of each associated articulated head shaft 36b. In this O-position, the upper part 37a can make a lateral movement, since the guide edge 128a of the guide slide 128 does not engage with the associated guide groove 127. From the recess 133 representing the U-position, the guiding edge 128a of the projecting area 129a has a positive slope,
On the other hand, the guide edge 128b of the retreat area 129b has a negative inclination,
That is, it has a downward slope. Both guide edges have a convexly curved shape.

Inside the disc-shaped guide slide part 128, a recess 13 forming a cylindrical part-shaped lateral guide surface 49 for lateral movement.
3, a head part 135 having an outer surface 136 and being formed parallel to the axis or tiltable in the sense of the desired shift angle 52 is formed. On both sides adjacent to the outer surface 136, the head portion 135 has a tapered cross section in the sense of a recess 137, thereby forming an axial extension 138 carrying the outer surface 136.

The two existing guide grooves 127 and the guide edges 128a, 128b of the guide slide 128 are cross-sectional, they are particularly wedge-shaped, and diverge so as to facilitate the leading of the edge region into the guide grooves 127. Alternatively, they are formed so as to converge.
To this end, the edge areas of the guide slide 128 and the guide groove 127 have inclined flanks which are aligned with one another. Due to its adjustability, the adjustable articulator 1 can be used for tasks that have to meet exact requirements, since the possible upper jaw movement is very close to the anatomical relationship of the human body. However, there are also tooth work operations which do not require an adjustable articulator 1 of this kind, which can also be carried out by means of a so-called mean-value articulator, so that the adjustment of the degree of freedom is not possible.

The articulator 1 preferably has a second upper part 37b associated therewith, so that the degree of freedom cannot be adjusted as desired, but is permanently set in the sense of a predetermined average value Is done. The second upper part 37b can be replaced with the first upper part 37a if necessary, and can be made simpler and faster with the above-mentioned convenient central lock 42 of the user. Therefore, the articulator 1 can be equipped as an adjustable articulator or a so-called mean-value articulator if necessary.

In the second upper part 37b, the guide recess 4
The guide surfaces 0, i.e., the sagittal guide surface 46, the Bennett guide surface 47, and the lateral guide surface 49 are formed in the associated joint housing so as to be non-exchangeable. The rear side of the joint housing 39 having the lateral guide surface 49 is 1
It is formed of parts, thereby forming an integral housing block. In other aspects, the second upper portion 37b is the same as the first upper portion 37a, ie, it also has each fixed and movable bearing on the same side for more accurate centering of the upper portion 37b on the lower portion 35. The fixed bow 43 which is formed in each case
Having. Regardless of the interchangeability of the upper parts, this embodiment allows for a fairly precise and accurate operation, since there is a common reference or centering plane E4 for both upper parts 37a, 37b and a common lower part 35.

In addition, both upper portions 37a, 37b and lower portion 35 have further features described with respect to the following embodiment. During manufacture of lower and / or upper tooth models OK, UK,
In many cases, it is necessary, for example, to remove the tooth model from the articulator 1 and measure it on the articulator 1 in order to measure it in a particular way. To make this possible, the primary base 19
It is known to provide an effective centering device 137 for forming and fixing between the tooth model UK and OK.
Tooth model UK, OK by reliability abutment against the next base 19
To prevent horizontal relative displacement. Such a centering device can be very advantageously formed by high points and depressions, preferably with inclined flanks, which engage in a form-locking manner with a matching precision. In this embodiment, a plurality of, for example four, recesses 138 are provided and arranged in the edge area of the facing surface of the tooth model UK or OK and in the associated primary base 19, for example the corresponding model base compacts of a pair of plasters ( (Not shown)
The correspondingly formed projections 139 formed by are engaged with matching accuracy. The recess 138 of the tooth model and the side surface 141 of the protrusion 139 facilitate two fitting parts,
It is formed with inclined, positioning surfaces adjacent to each other so that they can be joined together in an easy-to-use manner. A permanent magnet and a permanent magnet cooperating with one part, preferably the primary base 19, to hold them together removably;
A magnet arrangement is provided having a holding part on another part, preferably on the tooth model. 3, 5, 17, 20 and 21, the permanent magnet 142 is embedded in the primary socket 19. It is preferably a magnetic disc which is screwed into the primary base by means of a screw, preferably the associated articulator arms 2,3, the primary base 19 and the permanent magnet disc 1
An extension coupling screw 15 passing through the hole through 42 can be provided for the tooth model UK or OK.

In the present embodiment, the primary base 19 or the centering device 137 is now mounted on the alignment pin 16 and the associated alignment hole 1.
7, it is accurately fixed to the associated articulator arms 2, 3 with respect to the reference plane E4 and the fixed bearing 42a. Furthermore, the primary base 19 or the centering device 137 is arranged in a precise relationship with a reference plane extending in or parallel to the vertical plane E3 and is aligned with a precision of fit. The exact arrangement with respect to the vertical reference plane E4 can be made, for example, by the fixed bow 43 belonging to the bearing surface 68 arranged vertically and longitudinally on the fixed bearing side. A device (not shown) can help position primary base 17 with matching accuracy.

This precise placement of the fitting surface of the fixing device 137 with respect to the reference surface allows the replacement of the upper parts 37a, 37b if necessary, and ensures the matching accuracy of the fitting points for the tooth base UK and OK. Furthermore, this embodiment allows a so-called cross-mounting, ie the base part UK or OK can be accommodated in a second articulator 1 designed according to the invention in the manner described above.
This is because the articulator 1 is a lower and / or upper tooth model UK, O
It has the advantage that it does not have to be sent with the associated tooth model to enable an accurate placement of the K.

Prongs projecting laterally from the frame rim 7 for the face arc (not shown) are indicated by 143.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front / side perspective view of an articulator according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a left side view of the articulator.

FIG. 3 is a partially cutaway left side view of an upper portion of the articulator;

FIG. 4 is a rear view of the upper part.

FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the upper part.

6A is a partially cut-away enlarged detailed view of a portion indicated by A in FIG. 3, and FIGS. 6B to 6D are detailed views of the articulating joint arch at different functional positions. It is.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged left side view of an elastic element that can be provided in the fixed bow.

FIG. 8 is a plan view of the elastic element.

FIG. 9 is a horizontal sectional view of the articulator joint viewed from above.

FIG. 10 is a partial view cut along the line XX of FIG. 6;

FIG. 11 is a partially enlarged view cut along line XI-XI of FIG. 4;

FIG. 12 is a front view of a modified lateral guide.

FIG. 13 is a left side view of the lateral guide portion.

14 (A) to (E) are diagrams showing a lateral guide surface of the lateral guide unit shown in FIG.

FIG. 15 is a side view of a further modified example of the lateral guide portion.

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a modified example of the left joining region of the articulator according to the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a lower portion of the articulator.

FIG. 18 is a front view of a protruding guide.

FIG. 19 is a right side view of the guide unit.

FIG. 20 is a left side view of the second upper portion of the articulator;

FIG. 21 is a bottom view of the second upper portion.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Articulator 2, 3 Articulator arm 5 Revolving axis 6 Frame 7 Frame rim 9 Revolving bearing part 11 Revolving / sliding joint part 12 Sliding guide part 13 Position area 15, 118 Screw 16 Alignment pin 19 Base part 21 Incisal plate 22 Support pins 23a, 23b, 56 Slit 31 Screw part 35 Lower part 36 Joint head 36a Spherical head 37, 37a Upper part 38 Joint hub part 39 Joint housing 40 Recess 42, 42b Center lock 42a Fixed bearing 43 Fixed bow part 45 Occlusal surface 46 sagittal guide surface 47 Bennett guide surface 48 sharpness Bennett angle 49 upstanding lateral guide surfaces 53 bearing part 54 cylindrical 55 outer surface 57 the fixed part 58 Ashitan 59 pivot shaft 61 after the arcuate portion 62 lower arcuate portion 62a free end region 64 the center point 66 groove 67 Frank 68 Bearing surface 69 Stabilizing screw 71 Tongue 72 Bow Extension 77 Fixed recess 79 Leg portion 83 Bow 84 Bearing pin 85 Ring shoulder surface 86 Bolt 87 Threaded shaft 88 Recess 89,98 Adjustment nut 90 Outer peripheral groove 90a Pin 92 Radial wall 94 Slewing bearing 95 Bearing bolt 96 Wall 96a Hole REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 97 sleeve 99 gripping groove 101 adjustment guide part 102 transmission part 103 bearing ring 104, 106 bearing bore 105 hub part 107 compensation ring 108, 109, 114 guide surface 111, 137 concave part 112 concave part base 116 head part 117 bolt shaft 119 nut with screw 125 Projection guide portion 127 Guide groove 128 Guide slide portion 129 Inclined surface 129a Projection region 129b Retreat region 135 Head part 136 Outer surface portion 137 Central placement device 138 Axial extension 139 Projection 141 Side surface 142 Permanent Stone 143 prongs

Claims (28)

(57) [Claims] 1. Two swivel / sliders extending forward in their working position, one of which swivels about a swivel axis (5) extending perpendicular to a vertical longitudinal center plane (E1). An articulator arm (2, 3) attached to the joint (11), the joint being a mirror image of a vertical longitudinal center plane (E1);
, Each formed by a joint recess (40) of a joint housing (39) and a spherical head (36a) engaged through the opening of the joint recess (40),
0) has a sagittal guide surface (46) and a lateral guide surface (49), each pivot / slide joint (11) being a joint housing (39).
In its O-position (final occlusal position) with an anchoring device (42) having an anchoring element (43) for anchoring a cooperating spherical head (36a), the anchoring element (43) being a cooperating joint In the housing (39), a region of the shaft end portion is a swivel portion which is rotatably attached to the swivel shaft (59), and is swung between a fixed position and an open position to enable a sliding motion. The spherical head (36) on the side where the turning portion is separated from the guide surface (46) by the fixed portion (62a).
a) an articulator (1) fixed in a fixed position engaging the back side of a), wherein the fixing element (43) is a crescent-shaped swivel part which is mounted exclusively for swiveling, and the fixed part (62a) Is a tooth articulator characterized by point contact with a cooperating spherical head (36a). 2. The crescent-shaped swivel part is pivotally mounted at its free end (62a) facing forward behind a swivel axis (5), and is fixed at a fixed position inclined forward from an open position inclined backward. The tooth articulator according to claim 1, wherein the articulator can be swiveled. 3. Two swivel / slides extending forward in their working position, one of which swivels about a swivel axis (5) extending perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal center plane (E1). Articulator arms (2, 3) attached to the joint (11), which joints are arranged on both sides of a vertical longitudinal center plane (E1), each of which is a joint recess (39) of a joint housing (39). 40) and a spherical head (36a) engaging through the opening of the joint recess (40), the joint recess (40) having a sagittal guide surface (46) and a lateral guide surface (49), each pivot / The sliding joint (11) has its O-
Spherical head (3) cooperating in the position (final occlusal position)
6a) cooperates with a fixing device (42) having a fixing element (43) for fixing the spherical head (3).
6a) is a tooth articulator (1) which is movable between a pre-fixed position for fixing only the side away from the guide surface (46) and a post-open position after the spherical head (36a) is opened. The fixation element (43) has a fixation extension (72) extending parallel to the sagittal guide surface (46) in the open position of the fixation element (43). 4. The dental articulator according to claim 3, wherein the fixing element is a crescent-shaped swivel part which is mounted exclusively for swiveling. 5. A tooth articulator according to claim 1, wherein the fixed part receives an elastic pre-bias in the direction of the cooperating spherical head. 6. The dental articulator according to claim 1, wherein the crescent-shaped swivel part is made of an elastic member. 7. The sagittal guide surface (4) in the open position.
2. An elastic part (73) for holding the spherical head (36) in sliding contact with the spherical head (36a).
The tooth articulator according to any one of claims 1 to 6. 8. The elastic part (73) includes a fixing element (43).
The tooth occlusion device according to claim 7, wherein the tooth occlusion device is integrated with the tooth occlusion device. 9. An elastic part (73) comprising a fixing element (43).
The tooth articulator according to claim 7 or 8, which is attached to a tooth. 10. The fixing element (43), characterized in that the elastic part (73) is mounted laterally outwardly at a position close to the associated joint housing (39).
A tooth articulator as described. 11. The dental articulator according to claim 7, wherein the elastic part is made of an elastic plastic material. 12. The fixation element (43) includes a joint recess (40).
12. An opening position (FIG. 6 (C)) for opening the opening of (1) is adjustable beyond the opening position ((A) and (B) of FIG. 6). A tooth articulator according to any one of the preceding claims. 13. A tooth articulator according to claim 1, wherein the fixation element (43) can be releasably fixed in its fixed position and in its released position. 14. The fixed element (43) is solid in its open position
14. The fixing device according to claim 13, which can be fixed so as to be able to cancel the setting.
A tooth articulator as described. 15. The fixing device according to claim 13, wherein the fixing element is fixed by a clamp or a resilient latch.
Or the dental articulator according to 14; 16. The spherical head (36a) has a pivot (5).
16. The light emitting device according to claim 1, wherein the light emitting device is arranged coaxially with the light emitting device.
A tooth articulator according to any one of the preceding claims. 17. Spherical head (36a) is tooth articulator of claim 16, wherein the extending toward each other. 18. The method according to claim 1, wherein the locking extension closes the opening of the joint recess in the release position and opens it in the open position. Tooth articulator. 19. A shape-locking connection acting in the longitudinal direction (Y) of the pivot (5) comprises a locking element (43) and a spherical head (3).
A tooth articulator according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is provided between the tooth articulator and the tooth articulator. 20. The locking element (43) has, in its fixed position, in the region where it cooperates with the spherical head (36a), in the direction of the movement in which the spherical head (36a) engages in a locking groove (43). 66).
10. The tooth articulator according to any one of 9 above. 21. The dental articulator according to claim 20, wherein the fixing groove has an enlarged or wedge-shaped cross section. 22. The joint recess (40) has a concave radius between the sagittal guide surface (46) and the Bennett guide surface (47), the radius of which is greater than the radius of the spherical head (36a). The dental articulator according to any one of claims 1 to 21. 23. The spherical head (36a) has a joint recess (40) when the associated pivot / slide joint (11) is in the O-position.
In the form of a three-point bearing, whereby the first bearing point (B) supports the sagittal guide surface (46) of the vertical plane (E2) containing the pivot (5), and the second bearing point (C) ) Are positioned against the lateral guide surface (49) and the third bearing point (D) is positioned at its fixed position against the fixing element (43). A tooth articulator according to claim 1. 24. The tooth according to claim 1, wherein the joint housing (39) is pivotable about a pivot axis (5) and can be fixed in each of the adjusted tilt positions. Articulator. 25. A joint recess (40) is provided for each vertical pivot (9).
25. The swivel axis (94) is formed in a joint part (53) which can be swiveled around 4) and is fixed in each inclined position, and the swivel axis (94) intersects the horizontal swivel axis (5).
A tooth articulator according to any one of the preceding claims. 26. The joint recess (40) has a horizontal pivot (5).
26. The bearing part (53), which is displaceable in a guide part (101) in the longitudinal direction (X), and can be fixed at each adjustment displacement position. 27. A tooth articulator as described. 27. Extending forward in their working position,
Extends perpendicular to the vertical longitudinal center plane (E1)
Two pivoting / sliding contacts to pivot around pivot axis (5)
Articulator arms (2, 3) attached to the joint (11)
Each having a joint recess (40) of the joint housing (39).
The joint formed is formed on the vertical longitudinal center plane (E1).
The mirrors are arranged on both sides as mirror images, and a spherical head (36a) is
Engage through the openings in the joint recesses (40) and engage the joint recesses (4).
0) is a sagittal guideway (46) and a Bennett guideway (4).
7) and a lateral guide surface (49), each pivot / sliding joint
(11) fixed elements (43) operating in cooperation with them
Associated with the O-position defining the final occlusal position with
The rotation / sliding joint (11) is fixed and the fixing element (4
3) is a function that is adjustable between a fixed position and a released position.
The sliding of the rotating / sliding joint (11) is facilitated,
Extending beyond the fixation element (43) made of a conductive material
At the release position of the fixing member (43), the joint portion is elastic.
Contact Pull to urge the joint to the 0-position
Elastic part (73) receiving force cooperates with fixing element (43)
A tooth articulator characterized in that: 28. Two pivoting / sliding means extending forward in their working position, one of which pivots about a pivot axis (5) extending at right angles to the vertical longitudinal center plane (E1). Articulator arms (2, 3) attached to the joints (11), which joints are arranged as mirror images on both sides of a vertical longitudinal center plane (E1) and each pivot / sliding joint (11) )
Is formed by a joint recess (40) in the joint housing (39) and a joint extending through the opening of the joint recess (40), said joint recess (40) comprising a sagittal guide surface (46) and a lateral guide. Surface (49), each pivot / sliding joint (1
1) O which constitutes the final occlusal position in the joint housing (39)
Operating in cooperation with a fixing device (42) having a fixing element (43) for fixing a cooperating joint in position;
The fixation element (43) is mounted on articulated arms (2, 3) constituting an articulated housing (39) for pivoting movement between a fixed position and a release position extending parallel to the longitudinal center plane. A crescent-shaped pivot portion having a first rim (61) including a rear portion (58); means for maintaining the first rim (61) in a fixed position; perpendicular to the first rim (61) A second rim (62) extending in the pivot plane and made of elastic material and resiliently engaging its fixed position from below the associated joint; in the fixed position said second rim (62); ) Means for receiving an elastic tensile force in the direction of the joint portion, wherein the second rim in the release position is separated by a predetermined distance from the pivot axis of the pivot portion, and the predetermined distance is equal to the distance from the pivot axis of the pivot portion. Surface of the joint portion gripped from below by the second rim (62) Tooth articulator, characterized in that shorter the distance between.