JP2624267B2 - Waste treatment equipment - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION The present invention relates to a refuse treatment apparatus, in particular, combustible waste and garbage, which are dried by irradiating them with microwaves, and further gasified, burned, incinerated, and ashed. And a refuse processing apparatus that performs a series of processes up to this point.

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, refuse treatment equipment is a gas burner, a heavy oil burner,
Combustible waste and the like are burned by an electric heater, natural incineration, etc., and incinerated.

In recent years, there has been proposed an apparatus for irradiating microwaves to refuse and heating and incinerating the refuse (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-133817). This apparatus, as shown in FIG.
By directly irradiating the microwave generated by the magnetron 42 to the 43, it is heated and burned, and the gas generated at the time of the heat is deodorized through the microplasma generator 44 and forcedly exhausted. It is.

Problems to be Solved by the Invention However, in such a conventional apparatus, it is extremely rare that refuse is irradiated with microwaves and ignites by itself. Means must be added separately. In addition, it takes a long time to completely incinerate the refuse, which naturally increases the power consumption.

An object of the present invention is to provide a refuse treatment apparatus that can dry a heated object in a short time by using microwaves and can safely incinerate and incinerate it.

Means for Solving the Problems The refuse treatment apparatus of the present invention is directed to a first microwave absorption apparatus in which a primary combustion chamber has a through-hole formed such that small refuse among the refuse to be thrown can fall. A heating element, which is divided into a first combustion chamber located above and a second combustion chamber located below, wherein the first combustion chamber has a microwave power supply port also serving as an air supply port; The second combustion chamber has a second microwave absorption heating element disposed at the bottom of the primary combustion chamber, and a second microwave absorption heating element disposed between the first microwave absorption heating element and the second microwave absorption heating element. The wall of the primary combustion chamber has a microwave power supply port also serving as an air supply port.

In addition, a heat exchanger having a secondary combustion chamber, an exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and a choke for preventing leakage of microwaves is sequentially disposed above the primary combustion chamber via a filter.

Operation With this configuration, large-sized waste such as kitchen waste put into the combustion furnace stays in the upper first combustion chamber, and small ones and moisture, etc., enter the lower second combustion chamber. Fall and separate. As a result, the waste remaining in the first combustion chamber is efficiently drained by the microwave irradiation of the first combustion chamber and the second combustion chamber and the combined use of the first microwave absorption heating element. Dry by irradiation and ignite. On the other hand, the refuse in the second combustion chamber contains a large amount of moisture,
Since it dries in a short time in combination with the first microwave absorbing heating element and the second microwave absorbing heating element and does not use unstable heating means such as gas, it is possible to ignite safely and stably. As a whole, waste is efficiently and safely incinerated and incinerated.

In addition, since the secondary combustion chamber, a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, and a heat exchanger having a choke for preventing microwave leakage are sequentially disposed at the upper part of the primary combustion chamber via a filter, combustion is performed by the heat exchanger. Hot water can be supplied by utilizing the heat generated at the same time, and the heat of the exhaust gas is recovered so that harmless and safe gas is discharged. Since the secondary combustion chamber, the exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and the heat exchanger are surrounded by the outer casing that forms the choke, the constituent parts and the connection part of the secondary combustion chamber, the exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and the heat exchanger are connected. Can be prevented from leaking microwaves, and safety can be improved.

Embodiment Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a waste treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view thereof, and FIG.

As shown in the drawing, in this embodiment, the inside of the combustion furnace 1 is divided into a skewer-shaped microwave absorbing and heating element 2 made of silicon carbide or the like and a sashimi-shaped metal plate 3 to perform the first combustion. It comprises two combustion chambers, a chamber 4 and a second combustion chamber 5. In addition, the microwave absorption heating element 2 and the metal plate 3 are not necessarily limited to those having a long hole like a sashimi, and a dimension into which small ones of the refuse to be put into the combustion furnace 1 can fall. What is necessary is just to form the through-hole. A waveguide 7 provided with a magnetron 6 is obliquely attached to a substantially central portion of both side walls of the first combustion chamber 4, and is directed downward from the microwave feed port 8 of the first combustion chamber 4. It is configured to be irradiated with microwaves. An air supply pipe 9 is connected to an intermediate portion of the waveguide 7, and a microwave power supply port 8 is provided.
Also serves as an air supply port. Further, below the waste inlet 10 of the first combustion chamber 4, an air inlet for diluting combustion gas is provided.
11 and an air supply port 12 are provided. Further, a lid 13 is attached to the refuse inlet 10 so as to be openable and closable, and the lid 13 is provided with a choke 14 at a peripheral portion thereof for preventing microwave leakage.

The second combustion chamber 5 is provided with a microwave power supply port 15 also serving as an air supply port.
A waveguide 16 is attached to the outer wall of the portion. Waveguide
A magnetron 17 is attached to one end of the tube 16, and an air supply pipe 18 is connected to an intermediate portion thereof. A microwave absorbing and heating element 19 made of silicon carbide or the like is disposed on the bottom surface thereof, and an electric heater 20 is further disposed on the back side thereof, thereby forming a heating device. The side wall is provided with an ash suction / discharge port 21 for suction / discharge of residual ash after incineration.

An igniter 23 for ignition, a stabilizer 24 for stabilizing combustion, and a secondary combustion for burning combustible gas generated from kitchen garbage and the like, at the upper part of the combustion furnace 1 through a filter 22 made of a ceramic material or the like. A chamber 25, a heater 26 for heating air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber 25 disposed so as to surround the chamber 25, and an exhaust gas purifying catalyst 27 are attached. Surrounded by an enclosure,
Prevents microwave leakage. Further, a heat exchanger 29 is mounted above the heat exchanger 29. The heat exchanger 29 is composed of a water supply pipe 30 and radiation fins 31 for efficiently transmitting the heat of the exhaust gas to the water pipe 30. The heat exchanger 29 simultaneously cools the exhaust gas and supplies hot water. It is configured to be able to do it.

The outer wall portion of the combustion furnace 1 including the lid 13 is filled with a heat insulator 32 to ensure safety during use. Further, a heat insulator 33 is disposed below the electric heater 20 to suppress heat dissipation to the outside, and to effectively heat the garbage and the like in the second combustion chamber 5 through the microwave absorbing heat generator 19. It is configured.

 The operation of this embodiment will be described.

First, when the lid 13 of the combustion furnace 1 is opened and flammable garbage, for example, garbage 34 is introduced from the garbage input port 12, most of the garbage remains on the cage-shaped microwave absorbing heating element 2 in the first combustion chamber 4. But the garbage 35 smaller than the size of the eyes is the second
Fall into the combustion chamber 5. The water contained in the kitchen waste 34 remaining in the first combustion chamber 4 also flows down into the second combustion chamber 5,
Alternatively, the garbage 34 approaches the draining state by dropping, and then the magnetron 6 is oscillated, and the garbage 34 in the first combustion chamber 4 is removed.
Then, when microwaves are radiated from the microwave power supply port 8 through the waveguide 7, moisture and the like contained in the garbage 34 absorb the microwaves and evaporate, and the garbage 34 dries. As the garbage 34 dries and self-heats, high-concentration gas is generated from it, so air is taken in from the gas intake air inlet 11 and supplied into the first combustion chamber 4 from the air supply port 12. And then dilute it. At the same time, air is supplied from the air supply pipe 9 into the first combustion chamber 4 through the waveguide 7. At the same time that the magnetron 6 starts oscillating,
17 also oscillates, and the microwave feed port 15
Irradiates microwaves and supplies air, and at the same time, energizes and heats the electric heater 20 to dry the kitchen waste 35. As described above, the kitchen waste 34 in the first combustion chamber 4 is irradiated with microwaves in a drained state, so that the kitchen waste 34 is dried quickly. Since the drying state with the kitchen waste 34 cannot be balanced only by drying by irradiation alone, the drying by the electric heater 20 is also used to accelerate the drying.

When the garbage 34, 35 is dried in this way, the garbage itself does not absorb microwaves and is in a no-load state, so the microwaves are mainly absorbed by the microwave absorbing heating elements 2, 19, and the heating elements 2,19 itself generates heat and rises to 700-1000 ° C. This ignites dry kitchen waste 34,35,
Start burning. The garbage 34, 35 is incinerated in a short time by burning and heating of the microwave absorbing heating elements 2, 19, and is ashed. First
The garbage 34 in the combustion chamber 4 becomes fine ash, and falls into the second combustion chamber 5 from the gap between the microwave absorbing heating element 2 and the metal plate 3 in the shape of a cage.

By the way, when the garbage 34, 35 receives the microwave irradiation, the gas generated therefrom passes through the filter 22 to remove the dust contained therein, and is ignited by the igniter 23 in the secondary combustion chamber 25. . The gas after the ignition and combustion passes through the exhaust gas purifying catalyst 27 and is purified. Although the exhaust gas passing through the exhaust gas purifying catalyst 27 has a high temperature of about 800 ° C., it is cooled by the heat exchanger 29 including water passing through the water supply pipe 30 and fins 31 for heat radiation. The cooling water at this time is heated by heat exchange and supplied from the heat exchanger 29.

When the incineration of the kitchen wastes 34 and 35 and the processing of the generated gas are completed as described above, the ash is sucked out from the ash suction / discharge port 21 and stored in an ash storage (not shown). Thereby, the ash treatment after combustion can be made a simple source. In addition, since incinerated materials may include incombustible materials such as metals and ceramics, an ash outlet is provided below the refuse inlet 10 on the front of the combustion furnace 1 to open and close the insulated material 36. A lid 37 is provided. And the chalk is on the periphery of the opening / closing lid 37.
38 is provided to prevent microwave leakage. As described above, according to the present embodiment, the refuse such as combustible waste and kitchen garbage to be put into the combustion furnace 1 is removed by the microwave absorption heating element 2. Separated, small-sized objects and moisture fall through the through holes into the lower second combustion chamber 5, and the upper first
Since the refuse remaining in the combustion chamber 4 is drained, the refuse is removed by microwave irradiation on the first combustion chamber 4 side and by using microwave irradiation and electric heating on the second combustion chamber 5 side. It can be efficiently incinerated and ashed in a short time. Then, the ash remaining after the incineration process is sucked and discharged from the ash suction / discharge port 21 opened in the lower part of the second combustion chamber 5, so that the ash disposal operation can be made extremely simple. Further, since the heat exchanger 29 is disposed at the exhaust port of the combustion furnace 1, the heat generated at the time of combustion is recovered, and hot water can be supplied. Then, since the temperature of the exhaust gas is reduced by the recovery of the heat, the safety of the apparatus is improved.

The waste treatment apparatus of the present invention uses the first microwave-absorbing heating element to reduce small-sized waste such as combustible waste and kitchen waste and moisture contained therein into the second waste.
Since the refuse that falls into the first combustion chamber and is separated and falls into the first combustion chamber is drained, it is dried by microwave irradiation and ignited. On the other hand, the refuse in the second combustion chamber contains a large amount of water, but is dried and ignited in a short time by the combination of microwave irradiation and electric heating, so that the refuse is efficiently incinerated and ashed as a whole. You.

By providing the ash suction / discharge port in the second combustion chamber, the ash remaining after the incineration can be sucked / discharged to the outside, and the troublesome ash work can be extremely simplified. .

Furthermore, by arranging the heat exchanger at the exhaust port of the combustion furnace, hot water can be supplied using the heat generated during combustion, and the exhaust gas is rendered harmless by the exhaust gas catalyst and the temperature decreases. , Can be highly secure.
Since the secondary combustion chamber, the exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and the heat exchanger are surrounded by the outer casing that forms the choke, the constituent parts and the connection part of the secondary combustion chamber, the exhaust gas purifying catalyst, and the heat exchanger are connected. Can be prevented from leaking microwaves, and safety can be improved.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a refuse treatment apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an external perspective view of FIG. 3, FIG. 3 is a fragmentary front view of the same, and FIG. is there. 1… Combustion furnace, 2,19… Microwave absorption heating element, 4…
First combustion chamber, 5 second combustion chamber, 6,17 magnetron, 7,16 waveguide, 8,15 microwave power inlet 9,
18 ... air supply pipe, 10 ... waste inlet, 13 ... lid, 20 ...
... electric heater, 21 ... ash suction outlet, 22 ... filter for dust removal, 23 ... igniter for ignition, 24 ... stabilizer for combustion stabilization, 25 ... secondary combustion chamber, 26 ... heater
27: Exhaust gas purification catalyst, 29: Heat exchanger, 30: Water pipe, 31: Radiation fins, 32, 33, 36 ... Heat insulator, 34, 3
5 ... kitchen waste, 37 ... open / close lid.

 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of front page (72) Inventor Mikio Okada 1006 Kazuma Kadoma, Kadoma-shi, Osaka Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-62-169913 (JP, A) JP-A-62- 218712 (JP, A) Japanese Utility Model Showa 52-132180 (JP, U) Japanese Utility Model Showa 57-116753 (JP, U) Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-11915 (JP, B2)

Claims (6)

(57) [Claims] An inside of a primary combustion chamber is a first microwave-absorbing heating element having a through-hole sized so that small refuse among input refuse can fall, and a first microwave-absorbing heating element located above the first combustion chamber. The first combustion chamber is divided into a combustion chamber and a second combustion chamber located below. The first combustion chamber has a microwave power supply port also serving as an air supply port, and the second combustion chamber is the primary combustion chamber. A second microwave-absorbing heating element arranged at the bottom of
A refuse having a microwave power supply port serving also as an air supply port on a wall portion of the primary combustion chamber between the microwave absorbing heat generating element and the second microwave absorbing heat generating element. Processing equipment. 2. A heat exchanger having a secondary combustion chamber, a catalyst for purifying exhaust gas, and a choke for preventing leakage of microwaves is sequentially disposed above a primary combustion chamber via a filter. The refuse disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein 3. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein an electric heater is arranged on a lower surface of said second microwave absorbing heat generating element.
3. The refuse disposal apparatus according to item 2 or 2. 4. A method for discharging residual ash in the second combustion chamber after incineration into a wall of a primary combustion chamber between the first microwave absorption heating element and the second microwave absorption heating element. Claims 1 to 3 wherein an ash suction discharge port is provided.
A refuse treatment apparatus according to any one of the above items. 5. The refuse treatment apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first microwave-absorbing heating element is in the shape of a skewer. 6. The secondary combustion chamber has an igniter for ignition, a stabilizer for stabilizing combustion, and a heater for heating air supplied to the secondary combustion chamber. A refuse treatment apparatus according to any one of Items 1 to 5.