JP2613091B2 - Underfloor construction method for wooden buildings - Google Patents

Description

Description: FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a method for underfloor construction of a wooden building, and an object of the invention is to provide an extremely good dehumidifying property and hygroscopicity in an underfloor space of a wooden building, and in particular, rainfall. Of wooden buildings that can absorb moisture from the ground well after snowfall, etc., can quickly evaporate the absorbed moisture, and can maintain such excellent absorption capacity for a long time. It is in providing underfloor construction method.

(Prior art) Conventionally, as a foundation of a wooden building, a solid foundation,
A cloth foundation is employed.

By the way, in the solid foundation, since the underfloor surface is an exposed concrete surface, moisture in the ground passes through the concrete and evaporates into the underfloor space, so that the humidity of the underfloor space increases.

On the other hand, the cloth foundation has a structure in which the underfloor surface is merely embanked, so that moisture in the ground passes through the embankment and evaporates into the underfloor space, increasing the humidity of the underfloor space.

As described above, since the humidity under the floor of the wooden building becomes high, there are the following problems.

First, the tatami on the floor becomes moist, damaged and discolored.

In addition, mold occurs on the woody parts such as bases, pillars and joists,
The room above the floor, as well as the space under the floor, becomes moldy.

 Further, it is a hotbed for insects such as termites and cockroaches.

In particular, in the case of a solid foundation, since the space under the floor is made of concrete having poor heat insulating properties, there is also a problem that the floor cools.

On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 62-253837 discloses an "enforcement method using charcoal" in an attempt to reduce the cooling in winter in the interior of a concrete building.

The disclosed technology is characterized by the presence of charcoal in a building or its surroundings, in which charcoal is embedded as an intermediate layer or a surface layer in floors, walls, ceilings or soil under the floor, or concrete, mortar, It was a technology that was mixed with building materials such as wall clay.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) However, in the disclosed technology described above, a polystyrene foam layer is provided on the upper surface of an activated carbon layer having a water absorbing ability as shown in the drawings. In general, there is no water absorption, water repellency, and extremely poor air permeability.If such a building material layer is provided on the upper surface of the activated carbon layer, moisture such as moisture absorbed by the activated carbon layer is quickly evaporated. There was a problem that could not be done.

That is, since the water absorbed by the activated carbon layer cannot evaporate quickly upward, the water absorption capacity of the activated carbon layer becomes saturated when a large amount of rainfall or snowfall occurs or with the passage of time. Therefore, there was a problem that the intended purpose, that is, a sufficient dehumidifying effect could not be exhibited.

Moreover, even if charcoal is mixed with a building material such as concrete, depending on the specific gravity of the charcoal used, the charcoal may not be uniformly dispersed in the concrete, or if charcoal having a small internal surface area is used, a sufficient moisture absorbing effect may be obtained. There were also issues such as not being able to obtain.

Further, in the disclosed technology, as a configuration using charcoal under the floor, a configuration in which the coal is embedded as an intermediate layer or a surface layer in the underfloor soil is disclosed.

However, in general, in a configuration in which charcoal is simply buried in the soil, there is a problem that water vapor generated in the underfloor space cannot be sufficiently absorbed, and an effective moisture-proof effect cannot be obtained.

In view of the above circumstances, there has been a demand in the industry for creation of means capable of maintaining an extremely excellent moisture absorbing action for a long period of time in the underfloor space of a wooden building.

(Means for Solving the Problems) According to the present invention, an internal surface area of 20
0 m ² / g or more, a true specific gravity of 1.400 to 1.900, with the particle size is applied by little with more than 2cm thick charcoal layer made of charcoal pulverized product are 5mm or less, forming the concrete layer on the upper surface of the charcoal layer The present invention solves all the above-mentioned conventional problems by providing a method for underfloor construction of a wooden building characterized by the following.

(Action) Under the floor of a wooden building, a charcoal layer with a specific property of charcoal pulverized by 2 cm or more is constructed, and a concrete layer is formed on the upper surface of this charcoal layer, from the soil after rainfall or snowfall. Can be absorbed very effectively.

That is, since the charcoal layer made of pulverized charcoal having a large internal surface area and a small particle size is installed, the water supply capacity of the charcoal layer is very large, and a large amount of water can be effectively absorbed.

Moreover, the moisture absorbed by the charcoal layer is quickly evaporated from the upper layer into the air since the upper layer is a permeable concrete layer.

Therefore, even if a large amount of rainfall or snowfall continues for a long time,
The water absorption capacity of the charcoal layer does not become saturated.

In addition, even if concrete is cast on the upper surface of the charcoal enforcement layer, the true specific gravity of the charcoal used is limited to a certain range. It is not gathered in the upper layer and weathered.

Moreover, since the concrete layer serves as a presser for the charcoal construction layer, scattering of the crushed charcoal constituting the charcoal construction layer is prevented.

Embodiment An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a method for underfloor construction of a wooden building according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining an embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a second embodiment.

In the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a charcoal layer (3) in which pulverized charcoal is laminated is formed on the underfloor surface (2) of the solid foundation (1), and concrete is placed on the upper surface of the charcoal layer (3). Is formed to form a concrete layer (6).

In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, a charcoal layer (3) similar to that of the first embodiment is formed on the underfloor surface (2) of the fabric foundation (7).
The concrete layer (6) is formed on the upper surface of the charcoal layer (3).

In the present invention having the above-described configuration, the pulverized charcoal used as the charcoal layer (3) particularly has an internal surface area of
It is 200 m ² / g, the true specific gravity is 1.400 to 1.900, and the particle size is 5 mm or less. (Note that the true specific gravity here means the true specific gravity by the specific gravity bottle method. When the true specific gravity is 1.400 to 1.900, the volume is about 0.1 to 1.2.) The reason is that the internal surface area of the pulverized charcoal used Is 200m
When it is less than ² / g, low adsorptivity hygroscopic and malodorous components, moisture in the underfloor space (5), whereas it may not be possible to achieve a sufficient deodorizing, in the case of more than 200 meters ² / g Is because there is no such defect.

Also, the reason why the true specific gravity was 1.400 to 1.900 is that this is 1.
If it is less than 400, at the time of curing and hardening when concrete is poured on the upper surface of the charcoal layer, the crushed material of charcoal floats and gathers on the upper layer of the concrete layer (6), and the upper layer of the concrete layer (6) It may be easier to weather, while 1.90
If it exceeds 0, the pulverized charcoal will settle and the density of the pulverized charcoal in the upper layer of the concrete layer (6) will decrease, and the moisture and odorous components in the air in the underfloor space (5) will not be sufficiently adsorbed. In some cases, the under-floor space (5) may not be sufficiently moisture- and deodorant-proof, but the true specific gravity is 1.400 to 1.900.
This is because there is no such defect.

Furthermore, the particle size of the pulverized charcoal was 5 mm or less,
When the particle size exceeds 5 mm, the dispersibility in concrete deteriorates, and by using a large amount of small particle size, the water absorption performance of charcoal can be maximized,
Even if a concrete layer is provided on the upper surface, a sufficient dehumidifying effect can be obtained.

In the present invention, the type of charcoal is not particularly limited, and any of black charcoal using cedar, hinoki, oak, oak, and the like, and white charcoal using oak and the like are preferably used.

Further, when the charcoal layer (3) is constructed from the pulverized charcoal having the above-mentioned properties, the pulverized charcoal is laminated at least 2 cm or more on the underfloor surface.

The reason is that if the lamination of the pulverized charcoal is less than 2 cm, the charcoal having the above-mentioned properties cannot effectively exhibit the excellent moisture absorbing effect, which is not preferable.

In the present invention, a pulverized charcoal having the above-mentioned specific properties is sprayed on the underfloor surface and laminated at least 2 cm or more to form a charcoal layer (3), and a concrete layer (3) is formed on the upper surface of the charcoal layer (3). 6) is performed.

By providing the charcoal layer (3) composed of the above-mentioned specific normal charcoal pulverized material by laminating the pulverized material on the underfloor surface, it is possible to obtain an extremely excellent moisture-proof effect that makes full use of the properties of the charcoal.

That is, due to the extremely excellent water absorption of the charcoal layer (3), the moisture evaporated from the underground (4) through the underfloor surface (2) and the moisture in the air in the underfloor space (5) are removed from the charcoal construction layer. Water is absorbed by (3), and furthermore, insulation between the underfloor space (5) and the underground (4) is achieved by the heat insulating property of the charcoal construction layer (3).

Moreover, since the concrete layer (6) is constructed on the upper surface of the charcoal layer (3), the moisture absorbed by the charcoal layer (3) is quickly evaporated upward due to the permeability of the concrete layer (6). And the water absorption performance of the charcoal layer (3) does not become saturated.

In addition, the concrete layer (6) holds the charcoal layer (3) to prevent the crushed charcoal from scattering, and
The concrete layer (6) allows the moisture in the air in the underfloor space (5) to pass therethrough, absorbs the water without any trouble to the charcoal construction layer (3), and obtains a sufficient dehumidifying effect.

(Effects of the Invention) As described in detail above, the present invention has an internal surface area of 200 m ² / g or more and a true specific gravity of 1.400 to 1.900 on the underfloor surface of a wooden building.
Under-floor construction of a wooden building, characterized in that a charcoal layer made of pulverized charcoal having a particle size of 5 mm or less is constructed with a thickness of at least 2 cm and a concrete layer is formed on the upper surface of the charcoal layer. The method has the following excellent effects.

In other words, the charcoal layer provided under the floor is provided with pulverized charcoal of a specific property having a remarkably large water-absorbing performance of water vapor, which is laminated in a certain thickness or more. It absorbs water very effectively, and can exhibit an excellent moisture-proof effect which could not be obtained conventionally.

In addition, since the concrete layer is provided on the upper surface of the charcoal layer having the specific properties, the moisture absorbed by the charcoal layer can be quickly evaporated upward.

Therefore, even if there is a large amount of rainfall or snowfall, the water absorption capacity of the charcoal layer does not become saturated, and the absorbed water evaporates immediately. It can be exerted almost constantly to prevent moisture in the underfloor space for a long time.

Furthermore, since the true specific gravity of the pulverized charcoal used for the charcoal layer is limited to a certain range, the pulverized charcoal will float and weather in the early stage of curing and curing even if concrete is poured on this upper surface. Therefore, an efficient dehumidifying effect can be obtained.

In the present invention having the above excellent moisture-proof effect,
The following effects are derived by achieving moisture protection under the floor.

That is, mold does not occur in the woody parts such as the base, pillars and joists, and the underfloor space and the room under the floor do not have moldy odor.

 Further, pests such as termites and cockroaches are less likely to occur.

In addition, since the pulverized material of charcoal has heat insulating properties, even on a solid foundation whose underfloor surface is concrete having poor heat insulating properties, the bottom is prevented from cooling down.

(Examples) Next, the effects of the present invention will be further clarified by listing examples of the present invention.

(Experimental example 1) Ground charcoal (character size: 0.5 m) having the characteristics shown in Table 1 was placed on the underfloor surface (2) of the solid foundation (1) of the first embodiment shown in FIG.
m), and each charcoal construction layer having a width of 1 m ² and a thickness of 2 cm was formed on the under-floor surface (2), respectively, to thereby obtain Experimental Examples 1-1 to 3.

In addition, the exposed surface of the underfloor surface (2) where the charcoal construction layer was not formed was used as a blank.

 The moisture resistance of each experimental example and blank was examined.

 The results are shown in Table 1.

Note 1) For humidity, place a hygrometer on the surface of each charcoal construction layer (in the case of a blank, the bottom surface of a solid foundation), place the container upside down and cover the space around the hygrometer from the outside, and place it for 5 minutes. After the lapse of time, the container was removed and the humidity display of the hygrometer was checked.

As is clear from the results in Table 1, Experimental Examples 1-1 to 1-3,
That is, it can be seen that those using pulverized charcoal having an internal surface area of 200 m ² / g or more have excellent dehumidifying properties.

On the other hand, Comparative Example 1, that is, the one using the pulverized charcoal whose internal surface area is less than the lower limit of 200 m ² / g has a dehumidifying property, Somewhat inferior.

(Experimental Example 2) This is an experiment on the solid foundation (1) of the second experimental example shown in FIG. 1, and the upper surface of each charcoal construction layer of Experimental Examples 1-1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 has a thickness of 2 cm. Forming a concrete layer of
Experimental Examples 2-1 to 3 and Comparative Example 2 were set.

In addition, a concrete layer having a thickness of 2 cm was formed on the blank of Experimental Example 1 to obtain a blank of Experimental Example 2.

 The moisture resistance of each experimental example and blank was examined.

Note 2) Humidity was measured in the same manner as in Table 1 Note 1).

As is clear from the results in Table 2, Experimental Examples 2-1 to 3-2,
That is, it can be seen that those using pulverized charcoal having an internal surface area of 200 m ² / g or more have excellent dehumidifying properties even if a concrete layer is formed.

On the other hand, Comparative Example 2, that is, the one using pulverized charcoal whose internal surface area is less than the lower limit of 200 m ² / g has a dehumidifying property, Somewhat inferior.

(Experimental Example 3) This is an experiment on the cloth foundation (7) of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, and the moisture resistance was examined in accordance with Experimental Example 1.
The same tendency results, namely, that the internal surface area was used pulverized 200 meters ² / g or more charcoal excellent removal wet, 200 meters ² /
Anything less than g gave slightly poorer results.

(Experimental Example 4) This is an experiment of the fourth example shown in FIG. 2, and when the moisture resistance was examined according to Experimental Example 2, the result was the same as that of Experimental Example 2, that is, the concrete layer was formed. Even so, the results using the pulverized charcoal having an internal surface area of 200 m ² / g or more were excellent in dehumidifying properties, and those using less than 200 m ² / g were slightly inferior.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a first embodiment of a method for underfloor construction of a wooden building according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram for explaining a second embodiment. (2) ... Under floor surface (3) ... Charcoal construction layer (6) ... Concrete layer

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. An internal surface area of 200 m ² /
g and a true specific gravity of 1.400 to 1.900, a charcoal layer made of pulverized charcoal with a particle size of 5 mm or less must be constructed with a thickness of at least 2 cm and a concrete layer formed on the upper surface of this charcoal layer. A method for underfloor construction of a wooden building, characterized by: