JP2606231B2 - Liquid crystal color display element - Google Patents
Liquid crystal color display elementInfo
- Publication number
- JP2606231B2 JP2606231B2 JP62241708A JP24170887A JP2606231B2 JP 2606231 B2 JP2606231 B2 JP 2606231B2 JP 62241708 A JP62241708 A JP 62241708A JP 24170887 A JP24170887 A JP 24170887A JP 2606231 B2 JP2606231 B2 JP 2606231B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- color display
- alignment film
- pretilt angle
- display element
- Prior art date
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- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133509—Filters, e.g. light shielding masks
- G02F1/133514—Colour filters
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】 〔概 要〕 本発明は液晶カラー表示素子に関し、 液晶表示パネルにおける透過光量の波長依存性を解消
して、カラー表示の色純度を向上させることを目的と
し、 マトリクス状に配列された複数個の液晶素子よりなる
画素の各々が、R,G,B三原色に対応する３種の画素要素
を具え、且つ、該各画素要素ごとに液晶分子のプレチル
ト角を規制するプレチルト角制御手段を具備することを
特徴とする。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Summary] The present invention relates to a liquid crystal color display element, which aims to improve the color purity of color display by eliminating the wavelength dependence of the amount of transmitted light in a liquid crystal display panel. Each of the pixels composed of a plurality of liquid crystal elements arranged in each pixel includes three types of pixel elements corresponding to the three primary colors of R, G, and B, and controls a pretilt angle of liquid crystal molecules for each of the pixel elements. It is characterized by having angle control means.
本発明は液晶カラー表示素子に関する。 The present invention relates to a liquid crystal color display device.
〔従来の技術〕 対向配置された一対の電極間に液晶層を有し、偏光子
を通して透過光のオン−オフを行う液晶表示素子におい
ては、透過光量はΔnd/λに密接に依存している。上式
のΔｎは液晶の屈折率異方性を示す値,dは液晶層の厚
さ，λは光の波長である。[Related Art] In a liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal layer between a pair of electrodes arranged opposite to each other and performing on / off of transmitted light through a polarizer, the amount of transmitted light is closely dependent on Δnd / λ. . Δn in the above equation is a value indicating the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal, d is the thickness of the liquid crystal layer, and λ is the wavelength of light.
液晶は屈折率異方性を有するので、入射した光は液晶
層を通過する間に偏光面が回転する。液晶表示素子にお
いてはΔｎは液晶材料が定まれば一定であり、液晶層の
厚さｄは通常一様に形成されるので、上記回転角は入射
光の波長λによって異なることとなる。従って出射光の
偏光面の回転角は波長によって異なるため、入射側およ
び出射側に各一個の偏光子（出射側の偏光子は検光子と
も呼ばれる）が配設されている通常の液晶表示素子で
は、出射光の偏光面の向きと、検光子の偏光軸の方向と
なす角は波長によって異なり、両者の向きが全波長帯域
にわたって一致することはない。Since the liquid crystal has the refractive index anisotropy, the plane of polarization of the incident light rotates while passing through the liquid crystal layer. In a liquid crystal display element, Δn is constant if the liquid crystal material is determined, and the thickness d of the liquid crystal layer is usually formed to be uniform. Therefore, the rotation angle varies depending on the wavelength λ of the incident light. Therefore, since the rotation angle of the polarization plane of the emitted light differs depending on the wavelength, a normal liquid crystal display element in which one polarizer is provided on each of the incident side and the output side (the output side polarizer is also called an analyzer) is provided. The angle between the direction of the polarization plane of the emitted light and the direction of the polarization axis of the analyzer differs depending on the wavelength, and the directions do not coincide over the entire wavelength band.
そのため、液晶表示素子の電圧無印加時の光の透過率
は、第２図に見られるように光の波長によって変化す
る。Therefore, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal display element when no voltage is applied changes according to the wavelength of the light, as shown in FIG.
かかる問題があるため、従来の液晶表示素子では透過
光量の入射波長依存性が生じることを防止できなかっ
た。Due to such a problem, the conventional liquid crystal display element cannot prevent the incident light amount from being dependent on the incident light amount.
このようなことから従来は、液晶表示パネルに色づき
を生じるという問題がある。特にこの色づきは、TN（Tw
isted Nematic）型の狭ギャップの液晶（Δnd≒0.5）と
カラーフィルタを併用した液晶カラー表示素子において
は、色純度を低下させるので大きな問題となっていた。For this reason, conventionally, there is a problem that the liquid crystal display panel is colored. Especially this coloring is TN (Tw
In a liquid crystal color display element using both an isted Nematic) type narrow-gap liquid crystal (Δnd） 0.5) and a color filter, the color purity is reduced, which has been a serious problem.
そこで本発明においては、液晶カラー表示素子におけ
る透過光量の波長依存性を解消し、カラー表示の色純度
を向上させることを目的とする。Therefore, an object of the present invention is to eliminate the wavelength dependence of the amount of transmitted light in a liquid crystal color display element and improve the color purity of color display.
本発明はR,G,Bの各画素要素ごとに、旋光性に関係す
る液晶分子の配向状態を変えてプレチルト角を変え、入
射光に対する透過光量の比を、R,G,Bのすべてに対して
等しくする。The present invention changes the pretilt angle by changing the alignment state of liquid crystal molecules related to optical rotation for each pixel element of R, G, B, and changes the ratio of the amount of transmitted light to incident light to all of R, G, B. Equal to each other.
ここで、旋光度はＲが最も小さく、G,Bの順に大き
い。そこで旋光度が大きい程プレチルト角を大きくし
て、Δｎを見掛け上小さくする。従って、プレチルト角
はR,G,Bの順に大きくなるように、各画素の配向状態を
制御する。Here, the optical rotation is smallest in R, and is larger in order of G and B. Therefore, the pretilt angle is increased as the optical rotation is increased, and Δn is apparently reduced. Therefore, the alignment state of each pixel is controlled so that the pretilt angle increases in the order of R, G, and B.
液晶表示パネルにおける透過光量の波長依存性は、前
述したようにΔnd/λに関係する。しかし液晶表示素子
は設計が定まれば、使用する液晶材料と液晶層の厚さは
一定であるため、Δndはほぼ一定となり、しかもこれは
通常波長依存性は少ない。従って通常は1/λのみが透過
光量に対して大きく影響することとなる。これを本発明
ではプレチルト角を制御することにより、ΔｎをR,G,B
のそれぞれについて制御し、上述のΔnd/λの波長依存
性を解消して、透過光量をR,G,Bのそれぞれについて一
様とする。The wavelength dependence of the amount of transmitted light in the liquid crystal display panel is related to Δnd / λ as described above. However, when the design of the liquid crystal display element is determined, the liquid crystal material to be used and the thickness of the liquid crystal layer are constant, so that Δnd is almost constant, and this has little wavelength dependence. Therefore, normally, only 1 / λ has a large effect on the amount of transmitted light. In the present invention, by controlling the pretilt angle, Δn is changed to R, G, B
Are controlled to eliminate the above-described wavelength dependency of Δnd / λ, and the transmitted light amount is made uniform for each of R, G, and B.
以下簡単のため、TN液晶について説明する。 Hereinafter, a TN liquid crystal will be described for simplicity.
TNにおける電圧無印加時の透過率とΔndの関係を示す
第２図において、Δnd≒0.5の第１ピーク付近では、入
射光波長による透過光量に差があるため、何らかの色づ
きが起こる。これはB,G,Rと入射光の波長が増すにつ
れ、液晶層を通過する際の旋光性が弱まることを意味す
る。In FIG. 2 showing the relationship between the transmittance when no voltage is applied to TN and Δnd, near the first peak of Δnd ≒ 0.5, there is a difference in the amount of transmitted light depending on the wavelength of the incident light, so that some coloring occurs. This means that as the wavelengths of B, G, and R and the incident light increase, the optical rotation when passing through the liquid crystal layer decreases.
このように波長によって旋光度に差が生じるため、検
光子の偏光軸の向きと出射光の偏光面の向きが一致する
とは限らず、光を有効に取り出すことができない。その
ため透過光量が一様にはならない。As described above, since the optical rotation differs depending on the wavelength, the direction of the polarization axis of the analyzer does not always match the direction of the polarization plane of the emitted light, and light cannot be effectively extracted. Therefore, the amount of transmitted light is not uniform.
液晶分子のプレチルト角は、配向状態によって変化
し、配向状態は配向膜の材質，形成方法等によって影響
される。本発明はこれを利用して配向状態を制御し、R,
G,Bに対するプレチルト角を変化させたものである。The pretilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules changes depending on the alignment state, and the alignment state is affected by the material of the alignment film, the forming method, and the like. The present invention utilizes this to control the orientation state,
The pre-tilt angles for G and B are changed.
プレチルト角のかかる制御は、例えばポリイミド系材
料を３種類用いることによって実施できる。Such control of the pretilt angle can be performed by using, for example, three kinds of polyimide materials.
このようにプレチルト角を色ごとに適当に選択すれ
ば、三原色各色の出射光の偏光面を、すべて同一方向に
向けることができる。そこで、その方向に検光子の偏光
軸を一致させておくことにより透過光量を全波長帯域に
わたって一様にすることが可能である。By appropriately selecting the pretilt angle for each color in this manner, the polarization planes of the emitted lights of the three primary colors can all be directed in the same direction. Therefore, it is possible to make the amount of transmitted light uniform over the entire wavelength band by matching the polarization axis of the analyzer in that direction.
以下本発明の一実施例を図面を参照して説明する。 An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
第１図は本発明に係る液晶カラー表示素子の一実施例
の要部構成を示す図である。FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a main part of one embodiment of a liquid crystal color display element according to the present invention.
本実施例の構造は、TN型の液晶層２を挟持する入射側
および出射側の基板1,1′の外面に、それぞれ偏光板4,
4′を形成してある。出射側の基板１′の内面にはカラ
ーフィルタ7,ITOからなる透明電極6,配向膜３が形成さ
れ、入射側の基板１の内面には、ITOからなる透明電極
6,配向膜３が形成されている。The structure of this embodiment is such that polarizers 4 and 4 are provided on the outer surfaces of substrates 1 and 1 ′ on the incident side and the output side which sandwich TN type liquid crystal layer 2.
4 'is formed. A color filter 7, a transparent electrode 6 made of ITO, and an alignment film 3 are formed on the inner surface of the substrate 1 'on the emission side, and a transparent electrode made of ITO is formed on the inner surface of the substrate 1 on the incident side.
6, an alignment film 3 is formed.
上記入射側および出射側の配向膜３は、いずれも１個
の画素Ｐを構成する３個の画素要素5R,5G,5Bに対応し
て、配向膜成分3R,3G,3Bから構成されている。これらは
それぞれ三原色のR,G,Bに対応するものである。カラー
フィルタ７も各画素要素5R,5G,5Bに対応して、7R,7G,7B
をもって構成されている。なお１個の画素Ｐが３個の画
素要素5R,5G,5Bをもって構成されることは、通常の液晶
カラー表示素子と変わるところはない。Each of the alignment films 3 on the incident side and the output side is composed of alignment film components 3R, 3G, 3B corresponding to three pixel elements 5R, 5G, 5B constituting one pixel P. . These correspond to the three primary colors R, G, and B, respectively. The color filter 7 also corresponds to each pixel element 5R, 5G, 5B, and
It is comprised with. It should be noted that the configuration in which one pixel P includes three pixel elements 5R, 5G, and 5B is no different from a normal liquid crystal color display element.
本実施例は、Δnd≒0.5となる如くTN型の液晶を用い
て作成した。R,G,Bの３個の画素要素5R,5G,5Bに対し
て、それぞれ異なる材料からなる配向膜成分3R,3G,3Bを
形成し、この３種の配向膜成分3R,3G,3Bからなる配向膜
３全面にわたって、同一ラビング処理を行なった。上記
配向材料としてはポリイミド系のものを３種類使用し
た。In the present example, a TN type liquid crystal was formed so that Δnd ≒ 0.5. For each of the three pixel elements 5R, 5G, and 5B of R, G, and B, alignment film components 3R, 3G, and 3B made of different materials are formed. From these three types of alignment film components 3R, 3G, and 3B, The same rubbing treatment was performed on the entire surface of the alignment film 3. Three kinds of polyimide-based materials were used as the alignment material.
R,G,Bに対するプレチルト角αR,αG,αＢは、旋光度
の小さい順に大きくすることが必要で、αＲ＜αＧ＜α
Ｂであることを要する。本実施例では、 αＲ≒1o,αＧ≒15o,αＢ≒20o とした。R, G, pretilt angle alpha R for B, α G, α B, it is necessary that the increase in ascending order of optical rotation, α R <α G <α
B. In this embodiment, the α R ≒ 1 o, α G ≒ 15 o, α B ≒ 20 o.
かかる配向膜の構成は、通常のフォトリソグラフィ技
術により形成し得る。即ち、まず第１のポリイミド樹脂
を形成した後、上記３種類の画素要素のうちの１つを被
覆するレジスト膜を形成し、これをマスクとして表面を
露出しているポリイミド樹脂層を除去する。このような
処理を、上述の３種類の画素要素5R,5G,5Bについて繰り
返すことによって、それぞれに異なる配向膜成分3R,3G,
3Bを設けることができる。Such a configuration of the alignment film can be formed by a normal photolithography technique. That is, first, after forming the first polyimide resin, a resist film covering one of the above three types of pixel elements is formed, and the polyimide resin layer whose surface is exposed is removed using this as a mask. By repeating such processing for the above three types of pixel elements 5R, 5G, and 5B, different alignment film components 3R, 3G,
3B can be provided.
本実施例の配向膜３を構成する３種の配向膜成分3R,3
G,3Bは、上述のように使用した材料が異なり、そのた
め、各画素要素5R,5G,5Bごとに液晶分子のプレチルト角
が異なることになる。従って本実施例の配向膜３はプレ
チルト角制御手段として働く。Three types of alignment film components 3R, 3 constituting the alignment film 3 of this embodiment
The materials used for G and 3B are different as described above, and therefore, the pretilt angles of the liquid crystal molecules are different for each of the pixel elements 5R, 5G and 5B. Therefore, the alignment film 3 of this embodiment functions as a pretilt angle control unit.
なお、かかる配向膜３としては、各画素要素ごとに斜
め蒸着法を用いて形成した蒸着膜を使用することもでき
る。斜め蒸着法によって形成した配向膜は、被蒸着物質
の飛翔角度を変えることによって、プレチルト角を変え
ることができる。In addition, as the alignment film 3, a vapor deposition film formed by using an oblique vapor deposition method for each pixel element can be used. The orientation film formed by the oblique deposition method can change the pretilt angle by changing the flight angle of the material to be deposited.
液晶分子は周知の如く屈折率楕円体であり、プレチル
ト角が大きくなると、液晶分子が傾き、その結果上記屈
折率楕円体の長軸が傾く。屈折率異方性を示すΔｎは、
屈折率楕円体の長軸と短軸との差、即ち屈折率が方向に
よって差が有る時、その最大値と最小値との差である
が、長軸が傾く結果、長軸を液晶層２表面に平行な方向
に投影した見掛け上の長さが短くなる。従ってこの場合
にはΔｎが実効的に小さくなったことになる。As is well known, liquid crystal molecules are refractive index ellipsoids. When the pretilt angle increases, the liquid crystal molecules tilt, and as a result, the major axis of the refractive index ellipsoid tilts. Δn indicating the refractive index anisotropy is
The difference between the major axis and the minor axis of the refractive index ellipsoid, that is, the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value when the refractive index is different depending on the direction. The apparent length projected in the direction parallel to the surface becomes shorter. Therefore, in this case, Δn is effectively reduced.
実効的なΔｎは、プレチルト角が増大するにつれて小
さくなるので、三原色のうち旋光度が大ききＢに対して
はプレチルト角を大きく、旋光度が小さいＲに対しては
プレチルト角を小さく選ぶことによって、実効的なΔｎ
を、Ｂに対しては小さく、Ｒに対しては大きくする。Since the effective Δn decreases as the pretilt angle increases, the pretilt angle is selected to be large for R having a large optical rotation and small for the R having a small optical rotation among the three primary colors. , The effective Δn
Is small for B and large for R.
本実施例はこのように波長に対応してΔｎを実効的に
変化させ、もってΔnd/λをほぼ一定化したものであ
る。この結果、透過光量は波長に関係なく一様となるの
で、白色性に優れ、カラー表示の色純度が良好となる。In this embodiment, Δn is effectively changed in accordance with the wavelength in this manner, and Δnd / λ is thus substantially constant. As a result, the amount of transmitted light becomes uniform irrespective of the wavelength, so that the whiteness is excellent and the color purity of color display is good.
このようにして作成した本実施例は、従来のTN素子の
透過光の色度を比較すると、白色性に優れた素子が得ら
れ、カラー表示の色純度が改善される。In the present example thus prepared, when the chromaticity of transmitted light of the conventional TN element is compared, an element excellent in whiteness is obtained, and the color purity of color display is improved.
また本発明はTN型液晶のみならず、STN型やSBE型の液
晶を用いる場合にも適用でき、これらの素子において
も、良好なカラーディスプレイが実現される。In addition, the present invention can be applied to a case where not only a TN liquid crystal but also an STN or SBE liquid crystal is used, and a good color display is realized with these elements.
以上説明した如く本発明によれば、TN,STN,SBE等の液
晶を用いて、色純度の良好な液晶カラー表示素子が得ら
れる。As described above, according to the present invention, a liquid crystal color display device having good color purity can be obtained by using liquid crystals such as TN, STN, and SBE.
第１図は本発明の構成説明図、 第２図は液晶表示素子における透過率の波長依存性を示
す図である。 図において、1,1′は基板、２は液晶層、３は配向膜、3
R,3G,3B配向膜成分、４は偏光板、5R,5G,5Bは画素要
素、Ｐは画素を示す。FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the wavelength dependence of transmittance in a liquid crystal display device. In the figure, 1, 1 'is a substrate, 2 is a liquid crystal layer, 3 is an alignment film, 3
R, 3G, and 3B alignment film components, 4 indicates a polarizing plate, 5R, 5G, and 5B indicate pixel elements, and P indicates a pixel.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 吉田 秀史 神奈川県川崎市中原区上小田中1015番地 富士通株式会社内 (56)参考文献 特開 昭60−211425（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−249021（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭62−159119（ＪＰ，Ａ) ──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Hidefumi Yoshida 1015 Kamiodanaka, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture Inside Fujitsu Limited (56) References JP-A-60-211425 (JP, A) JP-A-61-249021 (JP, A) JP-A-62-159119 (JP, A)
Claims (3)
R,G,B三原色に対応する３種の画素要素を具え、且つ、
前記各画素要素ごとに対応する液晶分子のプレチルト角
αR,αG,αＢがαＲ＜αＧ＜αＢとなるように規制する
プレチルト角の制御手段を具備し、電圧無印加時に前記
３種の画素要素における透過光量を等しくしたことを特
徴とする液晶カラー表示素子。1. Each of pixels arranged in a matrix is
Equipped with three types of pixel elements corresponding to the three primary colors R, G, and B, and
Pretilt angle control means for regulating the pretilt angles α R , α G , α B of the liquid crystal molecules corresponding to each of the pixel elements so that α R <α G <α B is provided. A liquid crystal color display device characterized in that the amount of transmitted light in three types of pixel elements is equalized.
素ごとに異なる配向材料を用いて形成した配向膜成分か
らなる配向膜であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の液
晶カラー表示素子。2. A liquid crystal color display device according to claim 1, wherein said pretilt angle control means is an alignment film composed of an alignment film component formed using a different alignment material for each pixel element.
素ごとに斜め蒸着法により形成した配向膜成分からなる
配向膜であることを特徴とする請求項１記載の液晶カラ
ー表示素子。3. A liquid crystal color display device according to claim 1, wherein said pretilt angle control means is an alignment film comprising an alignment film component formed by oblique deposition for each pixel element.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62241708A JP2606231B2 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1987-09-25 | Liquid crystal color display element |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62241708A JP2606231B2 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1987-09-25 | Liquid crystal color display element |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS6482016A JPS6482016A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
| JP2606231B2 true JP2606231B2 (en) | 1997-04-30 |
Family
ID=17078352
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP62241708A Expired - Lifetime JP2606231B2 (en) | 1987-09-25 | 1987-09-25 | Liquid crystal color display element |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2606231B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2828128B2 (en) * | 1992-07-24 | 1998-11-25 | 富士通株式会社 | Liquid crystal display |
| JP2806673B2 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1998-09-30 | 富士通株式会社 | Liquid crystal display device and method of manufacturing the same |
| JPH09179101A (en) * | 1995-12-22 | 1997-07-11 | Shunsuke Kobayashi | Liquid crystal display element and its production |
| US6181401B1 (en) * | 1998-08-07 | 2001-01-30 | Honeywell International Inc. | Liquid crystal display with reduced off state luminance |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS60211425A (en) * | 1984-04-05 | 1985-10-23 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JPS61249021A (en) * | 1985-04-26 | 1986-11-06 | Citizen Watch Co Ltd | Liquid crystal display device |
| JP2506328B2 (en) * | 1986-01-07 | 1996-06-12 | 富士通株式会社 | LCD display panel |
-
1987
- 1987-09-25 JP JP62241708A patent/JP2606231B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS6482016A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
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