JP2600070B2 - Variable pitch propeller that can adjust thrust in three dimensions - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Application Field] This invention uses a variable pitch propeller to change the direction of thrust of a propeller for propulsion not only in the direction of the propulsion axis but also in any direction. It is about.

The application of the present invention is applied not only to ships but also to aircraft.

[Conventional technology]

Propelling means by a propeller usually rotates propeller blades provided radially perpendicular to the rotation axis by the rotation axis to generate thrust in the axial direction. There are variable pitch propellers that change the pitch of propeller blades by rotating the blade axis to change the thrust or change the thrust in the opposite direction.

Voith Schneider propeller is a technology that arranges blades parallel to the rotation axis on a disk perpendicular to the rotation axis, rotates the blade by changing the pitch angle of the blade with respect to the rotation axis center, and generates thrust in the transverse direction to the rotation axis. It is used for towing and other purposes. The axis of the Voith Schneider propeller is rotated by a disk arranged vertically and horizontally, and wings are provided downward from the disk.

[Problems to be solved by the invention]

Conventional variable pitch propellers generate thrust in the direction of the axis of the rotating shaft, while Voith Schneider propellers generate thrust on a plane perpendicular to the rotating shaft.
There is a technical problem that thrust is generated in a fixed direction, the former being in the axial direction and the latter is in the direction perpendicular to the axial center, but it is not possible to generate thrust in any other direction.

[Means for solving the problem]

In order to solve such a problem, the present invention is to mount the wing by inclining the angle θ between the rotation axis of the propeller rotation shaft and the blade center within the range of 30 to 75 °, and to make it variable by the pitch of the wing. In the propeller boss, the wing shaft is connected to the inflector through a crank, and the inflector is extended to the outside of the propeller boss and attached to a swash plate arranged outside the propeller boss. A sleeve configured to be slidable in the axial direction is mounted on the propeller rotating shaft, a spherical surface is formed on the sleeve, and the swash plate is slidably fitted on the outer surface of the spherical surface. The swash plate and the propeller rotation shaft are rotated integrally, and the swash plate is supported by an outer holding frame at an angle of inclination of an outer control system. While the swash plate is configured to slide to maintain the desired inclination angle, the sleeve is provided with a mechanism for sliding the sleeve in the axial direction. A variable pitch propeller capable of adjusting a thrust force in a three-dimensional direction so as to reciprocate the variable rod along the inclination of the swash plate.

[Action]

With the configuration as described above, if the axial position, inclination angle, and inclination direction of the swash plate with respect to the propeller shaft are set according to the thrust and the direction, the end of the inflection bar reciprocates along the swash plate and the propeller shaft. Each propeller blade reciprocates so as to change the pitch of the propeller blades during one rotation of the rotating shaft, so that each propeller blade generates thrust in a certain direction based on the position of the rotating blades. The thrust can be generated in any direction by determining the axial position, the inclination, and the inclination direction of the swash plate.

And, in this case, since the swash plate as the rotating portion is provided on the side closer to the propeller rotation axis, that is, on the outer spherical surface of the sleeve, the rotating diameter of the swash plate as the rotating portion is reduced, and accordingly, The rotating power is small.

In addition, the swash plate and other parts are arranged outside the propeller boss by extending the inflection bar outside the propeller boss, which simplifies the arrangement structure inside the propeller boss and reduces the propeller boss and increases propulsion resistance. Is suppressed.

〔Example〕

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing the structure of a variable pitch propeller. A propeller rotating shaft 7 is rotated by a prime mover 8 and a hub (propeller boss) 2 is attached to the rotating shaft 7. A plurality of propeller blades 4 are arranged radially through the. The longitudinal direction (hereinafter referred to as the blade center) 1 of the blade 4 is not perpendicular to the rotation axis 3 of the hub 2 but is inclined rearward, and the angle θ between the rotation axis 3 and the blade center 1 is 30 to 75.
It is inclined within the range of ゜. The wing 4 is configured to be rotatable about the wing center 1, and the propeller pitch can be changed by rotating the wing 4. The blade core 1 has a shaft 5 at the root of the blade and is supported by bearings 6. Each propeller wing 4
Each of the shafts 5 is provided with a changing rod 9 via a crank 13, and the other end of the changing rod 9 is connected to the changing rod 9.
Is extended to the outside of the hub (propeller boss) 2 to be connected to the swash plate 10 arranged outside the hub 2. The pitch angle of the propeller blades 4 can be changed by pushing and pulling the inflection rod 9 from the swash plate 10. A sleeve 11 that slides in the axial direction is mounted on the rotating shaft 7, and a swash plate 10 is slidably fitted on the outer spherical surface of the sleeve 11. The swash plate 10 rotates integrally with the rotation shaft 7, but the inclination angle of the swash plate 10 is supported by an outer holding frame 14, and is controlled and maintained by an external control system (not shown). The sleeve 11 can be moved back and forth by the lever 12, and the pitch angle of the propeller blades can be changed at the same time depending on the position of the sleeve 11.

Next, the operating state of the present invention will be described together with the operation. When the swash plate 10 is perpendicular to the rotating shaft 7, the propeller blades 4 rotate while maintaining the same pitch angle simultaneously,
The pitch angle can be changed simultaneously by moving the sleeve 11 back and forth, and the thrust generated by this is in the direction of the rotation axis 3. In the state where the swash plate 10 is inclined, the pitch angle of each propeller blade 4 changes depending on the position of the varnish bar 9, and the varnish bar 9 reciprocates along the inclination of the swash plate 10 during one rotation of the propeller rotation shaft 7. Move.

FIG. 2 (a) shows that when the swash plate 10 is perpendicular to the rotation axis 7, the blade 4 is cut along the conical surface II having a half apex angle (90 ° -θ) shown in FIG. In the figure developed at the center, each wing 4 simultaneously takes a positive pitch angle by + α from the tangent line, but each wing has the same amount of pitch angle from positive to reverse according to the movement of the swash plate 10. Can change.

FIG. 3 is a developed view in which the conical section of the half apex angle of FIG. 1 corresponding to FIG. 2 (a) is linearly arranged in the blade section, and the pitch angle α of the blade is obtained by rotating the propeller blade 4. In the direction of rotation of arrow P, thrust is generated in the direction of arrow A. The increase and decrease of the thrust due to the increase and decrease of the pitch angle α is the same as that of a normal variable pitch propeller.

Due to the inclination of the swash plate 10, for example, the wing 4
When the pitch angle of the wing 4 is changed from the state of FIG. 2A to the state of FIG.
changes from β to −β. In other words, the pitch angle of the wing 4 changes in reverse, zero, positive, zero, and reverse depending on each position of the Irohani. Thrust is generated in the B direction, and the value of the thrust B increases when the pitch angle increases in the normal and reverse directions even at the same rotational speed. Also, by changing the direction of the inclination of the swash plate 10,
The points where the opposite pitch angles become maximum are respectively turned around the axis 3. This phenomenon is similar to the action of Voith Schneider propellers. In FIG. 1, the thrust of the propeller is the sum of the thrust A vector and the thrust B vector. Thus, by adjusting the respective vectors, the propeller can generate a thrust of any magnitude in any direction in all three dimensions.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, this propeller does not limit the thrust in the direction of A as in a normal variable pitch propeller, and does not limit the thrust in the direction of B (a direction perpendicular to the axis) as in the case of Voith Schneider propeller. It can be arbitrarily adjusted along with its size in any arbitrary three-dimensional direction, so that, for example, when used for a propeller of a dive vehicle, the number of propellers required for maneuvering the dive vehicle in three-dimensional directions can be significantly reduced. . Further, since the change in the direction and the magnitude of the thrust is continuous and smooth, it is extremely easy to precisely adjust the position and the attitude of the dive vehicle.

In addition to the above effects, in the present invention, the rotating diameter of the swash plate can be reduced because the swash plate, which is the rotating portion, is mounted on the outer spherical surface of the sleeve. Can be reduced.

Further, since the swash plate and the like are arranged outside the propeller lab, the arrangement structure inside the propeller lab is simplified, and the propeller boss itself can be made smaller. As a result, an increase in fluid resistance during navigation can be suppressed.

The above effects are particularly advantageous (substantial in technical significance) in the case of a dive vehicle that can be equipped with only a limited propulsion power because of the arrangement space or the like.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side sectional view showing an embodiment for explaining the present invention, and FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b) show a blade cut along a conical surface having a half apex angle (90 ° -θ) to set an axis. FIG. 3 is a view in which the wing cross section corresponding to FIG. 2A is linearly developed. 1 ... wing center, 2 ... hub (propeller boss), 3 ... shaft center, 4 ... propeller blade, 5 ... shaft, 6 ... bearing, 7 ...
Propeller rotating shaft, 8… Motor, 9 …… Eccentric rod, 10 ……
Swash plate, 11 ... sleeve, 12 ... lever,
13 ... crank, 14 ... holding frame.

Continuation of the front page Judge Chief Judge Nagahiko Asano Judge Noriaki Suzuki Judge Morikawa Mototsugu (56) References JP-A-61-77593 (JP, A) JP-A-59-227592 (JP, A) −54360 (JP, B2)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A blade is attached by inclining an angle θ between a rotation axis of a propeller rotation shaft and a blade center within a range of 30 to 75 °, and is variable at a pitch of the blade. Connect to the inflection rod through the crank inside,
The inflection rod is extended to the outside of the propeller boss and attached to a swash plate arranged outside the propeller boss, and is configured to be slidable in the axial direction on the propeller rotating shaft outside the propeller boss. The swash plate is slidably fitted on the outer surface of the spherical surface so that the swash plate and the propeller rotating shaft rotate integrally. And, while supporting the inclination angle of the swash plate by an outer holding frame, the swash plate is slid by an external control system so as to be controlled and maintained at a desired inclination angle, while the sleeve is axially moved. A mechanism for sliding the sleeve is provided on the sleeve, and during one rotation of the propeller rotating shaft, the inflection rod is tilted of the swash plate. A variable pitch propeller capable of adjusting the thrust in three-dimensional directions characterized by reciprocating along a slope.