JP2595383B2 - Graphite intercalation compound - Google Patents
Graphite intercalation compoundInfo
- Publication number
- JP2595383B2 JP2595383B2 JP2410808A JP41080890A JP2595383B2 JP 2595383 B2 JP2595383 B2 JP 2595383B2 JP 2410808 A JP2410808 A JP 2410808A JP 41080890 A JP41080890 A JP 41080890A JP 2595383 B2 JP2595383 B2 JP 2595383B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- intercalation compound
- alkali metal
- graphite intercalation
- cesium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】本発明は、高導電性材料として利
用するに適した新規な黒鉛層間化合物に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel graphite intercalation compound suitable for use as a highly conductive material.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】黒鉛は軽量であって導電性が高いところ
から、導電性材料として各種の応用分野に利用されてい
る。更に近年は、かかる黒鉛材料の導電性を改良するた
めに種々の研究が進められており、黒鉛の結晶層間に種
々の分子、原子、イオンなど、たとえば硝酸、塩化第２
銅などを挿入して導電性の改善された層間化合物が得ら
れることが知られている。ところが、従来から知られて
いる黒鉛層間化合物の殆どは、一般に不安定であって大
気中で温度、湿度等の影響を受けて徐々に分解するとい
う問題がある。2. Description of the Related Art Graphite is used in various fields of application as a conductive material because of its light weight and high conductivity. In recent years, various studies have been made to improve the conductivity of such graphite materials, and various molecules, atoms, ions, etc., such as nitric acid and
It is known that an interlayer compound having improved conductivity can be obtained by inserting copper or the like. However, most of the conventionally known graphite intercalation compounds are generally unstable and have a problem that they are gradually decomposed in the atmosphere under the influence of temperature, humidity and the like.
【０００３】一方、ポリイミドフィルムを１６００℃以
上の温度で熱処理して得られる黒鉛化フィルムの塩化第
２銅層間化合物が、比較的に安定であることが知られて
いる（特開平２−２６８２０）。しかしこの層間化合物
は、常温の大気中では比較的安定であるものの２００℃
程度の温度で不安定であって、分解を起こすという欠点
があった。On the other hand, it is known that a copper (II) chloride intercalation compound of a graphitized film obtained by heat-treating a polyimide film at a temperature of 1600 ° C. or more is relatively stable (JP-A-2-26820). . However, this intercalation compound is relatively stable in air at room temperature,
There is a drawback that it is unstable at about the temperature and causes decomposition.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】そこで本発明は、大気
中で安定した高い導電性を保持し、湿度や温度に対する
安定性が優れていて、高導電性材料として利用するに適
した新規な黒鉛層間化合物を提供することを目的とした
ものである。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, the present invention is to provide a novel graphite suitable for use as a highly conductive material, which has stable high conductivity in the atmosphere, excellent stability against humidity and temperature. It is intended to provide an interlayer compound.
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】上記のような本発明の目
的は、式Ｍ・Ｃx ・Ａy （但し、Ｍはアルカリ金属、Ｃ
は炭素、Ａは不飽和脂肪族炭化水素を表し、ｘは８〜１
００の数、ｙは０．００１〜３．０の数を表す）で表さ
れる、黒鉛とアルカリ金属及び不飽和脂肪族炭化水素と
の３成分系黒鉛層間化合物によって達成される。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention as described above is to provide a compound of the formula M.C x .A y (where M is an alkali metal, C
Represents carbon, A represents an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, and x represents 8 to 1
And y is a number from 0.001 to 3.0), which is achieved by a ternary graphite intercalation compound of graphite and an alkali metal and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.
【０００６】かかる本発明の３成分系黒鉛層間化合物
は、黒鉛とアルカリ金属とを真空下で加熱することによ
りアルカリ金属の蒸気を黒鉛に接触させて第１ステージ
のアルカリ金属黒鉛層間化合物を生成させ、次いで前記
黒鉛層間化合物に黒鉛を添加して真空下で加熱すること
により第２ステージのアルカリ金属黒鉛層間化合物に転
化し、更に不飽和脂肪族炭化水素の気体を５０℃以下で
０．１〜１００分間接触させることによって製造するこ
とができる。The ternary graphite intercalation compound of the present invention is obtained by heating the graphite and the alkali metal under vacuum to bring the vapor of the alkali metal into contact with the graphite to form a first stage alkali metal graphite intercalation compound. Then, graphite is added to the graphite intercalation compound and the mixture is heated under vacuum to be converted into a second-stage alkali metal graphite intercalation compound. It can be produced by contacting for 100 minutes.
【０００７】本発明の３成分系黒鉛層間化合物、すなわ
ち式Ｍ・Ｃx ・Ａy （但し、Ｍはアルカリ金属、Ｃは炭
素、Ａは不飽和脂肪族炭化水素を表し、ｘは８〜１００
の数、ｙは０．００１〜３．０の数を表す）の化合物に
おいて、これを構成するアルカリ金属すなわちＭは、リ
チウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、ルビジウム又はセシウ
ムであり、また不飽和脂肪族炭化水素すなわちＡは、例
えばエチレン、プロピレン、１−ブテン、ブタジエン等
の少なくも１つの炭素−炭素二重結合を有する不飽和脂
肪族炭化水素、例えばアセチレン、メチルアセチレン、
１−ブチン、２−ブチン等の少なくも１つの炭素−炭素
三重結合を有する不飽和脂肪族炭化水素、或いは例えば
ビニルアセチレン等の炭素−炭素二重結合と炭素−炭素
三重結合とを有する不飽和脂肪族炭化水素などである。[0007] 3-component graphite intercalation compound of the present invention, i.e. Formula M · C x · A y (where, M is an alkali metal, C is carbon, A represents an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, x is 8 to 100
Wherein y is a number from 0.001 to 3.0), wherein the alkali metal constituting the compound, that is, M is lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium or cesium, and an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon. That is, A is an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon having at least one carbon-carbon double bond such as, for example, ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, butadiene, etc., for example, acetylene, methylacetylene,
Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond, such as 1-butyne and 2-butyne, or unsaturated carbon-carbon double bonds such as vinylacetylene, and unsaturated carbon-carbon triple bonds And aliphatic hydrocarbons.
【０００８】本発明の３成分系黒鉛層間化合物の主材料
となる黒鉛は、天然黒鉛のほか、石油コークスなどの炭
素材料を加熱処理して得られる人造黒鉛も用いることが
できる。この黒鉛材料の形状は特に限定されるものでは
なく、フレーク状、粉末状、繊維状或いはシート状など
であってもよい。フレーク状或いは粉末状である場合、
その粒径は２０〜５０メッシュ程度のものから、４００
メッシュ以上の細かいものまで、適宜選択して利用する
ことができる。As the graphite which is the main material of the ternary graphite intercalation compound of the present invention, besides natural graphite, artificial graphite obtained by heat-treating a carbon material such as petroleum coke can also be used. The shape of the graphite material is not particularly limited, and may be a flake, powder, fiber, sheet or the like. If it is in flake or powder form,
Its particle size is from about 20 to 50 mesh to 400 mesh.
It is possible to appropriately select and use finer meshes or more.
【０００９】上記のような黒鉛材料を用いて３成分系黒
鉛層間化合物を合成するにあたっては、まず第１工程と
して黒鉛とアルカリ金属とを真空下で加熱することによ
りアルカリ金属の蒸気を黒鉛に接触させて第１ステージ
のアルカリ金属黒鉛層間化合物を合成する。この際、カ
リウム、ルビジウム、セシウムなどの重アルカリ金属を
用いる場合には、２つのバルブを備えたガラス管内に黒
鉛とアルカリ金属とを所定の距離を離して装入し、例え
ば１m Pa以下の真空下で封じたのちにアルカリ金属側の
温度（Ｔi ）よりも黒鉛側の温度（Ｔg ）が少なくとも
低くないような関係のそれぞれ一定の温度に保持して所
定時間反応させる方法（Two-bulb法）を利用することが
できる。In synthesizing a ternary graphite intercalation compound using the above-described graphite material, first, as a first step, graphite and an alkali metal are heated under vacuum to bring the vapor of the alkali metal into contact with the graphite. Thus, a first stage alkali metal graphite intercalation compound is synthesized. At this time, when using a heavy alkali metal such as potassium, rubidium, or cesium, graphite and the alkali metal are charged at a predetermined distance into a glass tube having two bulbs, and for example, a vacuum of 1 mPa or less is used. After sealing underneath, a method in which the temperature (Tg) on the graphite side (Tg) is not at least lower than the temperature (Ti) on the alkali metal side is maintained at a constant temperature and reacted for a predetermined time (Two-bulb method). Can be used.
【００１０】ここでＴi 及びＴg は使用するアルカリ金
属の種類によって異なり、例えばカリウムを用いるとき
は、Ｔi を２５０℃、Ｔg を２５０〜３２０℃として２
４時間以上保持することができ、またルビジウムを用い
るときは、Ｔi を２０８℃、Ｔg を２１５〜３３０℃と
して２４時間以上保持することができる。さらにセシウ
ムを用いるときは、Ｔi を１９４℃、Ｔg を２００〜４
２５℃として２４時間以上保持することができる。しか
しこれらの条件は一例であって、これらに限定されるも
のではない。Here, Ti and Tg differ depending on the kind of alkali metal used. For example, when potassium is used, Ti is set to 250 ° C., Tg is set to 250 to 320 ° C., and 2 ° C.
When rubidium is used, the temperature can be maintained at 208 ° C. and Tg at 215 to 330 ° C. for 24 hours or more. Further, when cesium is used, Ti is 194 ° C. and Tg is 200 to 4
It can be kept at 25 ° C. for 24 hours or more. However, these conditions are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to these conditions.
【００１１】次に、上記の第１工程で合成された第１ス
テージのアルカリ金属黒鉛層間化合物を第２ステージの
黒鉛層間化合物に転換するに必要な計算量の黒鉛と混合
し、好ましくは１m Pa以下の真空下で加熱すると、均一
な組成の第２ステージのアルカリ金属黒鉛層間化合物が
得られる。Next, the first-stage alkali metal graphite intercalation compound synthesized in the first step is mixed with graphite in a necessary amount to convert it into the second-stage graphite intercalation compound, preferably 1 mPa. When heated under the following vacuum, a second stage alkali metal graphite intercalation compound having a uniform composition is obtained.
【００１２】こうして得られた第２ステージのアルカリ
金属黒鉛層間化合物を反応管に入れて、好ましくは１m
Pa以下の真空としたのち、−１２０〜５０℃の温度で不
飽和脂肪族炭化水素を圧力が１０2 〜１０5 Paとなるよ
うに導入し、１分以上好ましくは１０分以上反応させる
ことにより、式Ｍ・Ｃx ・Ａy （但し、Ｍはアルカリ金
属、Ｃは炭素、Ａは不飽和脂肪族炭化水素を表し、ｘは
８〜１００の数、ｙは０．００１〜３．０の数を表す）
で表される本発明の３成分系黒鉛層間化合物が得られ
る。The thus obtained second stage alkali metal graphite intercalation compound is placed in a reaction tube, preferably 1 m in length.
After a vacuum of not more than Pa, an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon is introduced at a temperature of -120 to 50 ° C so that the pressure becomes 10 2 to 10 5 Pa, and reacted for 1 minute or more, preferably 10 minutes or more. , wherein M · C x · a y (where, M is an alkali metal, C is carbon, a represents an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, x is the number of 8 to 100, y is the 0.001 to 3.0 Represents a number)
The ternary graphite intercalation compound of the present invention represented by the following formula is obtained.
【００１３】[0013]
（第１実施例）ユニオンカーバイド社製の黒鉛フィルム
（商品名グラフォイル）０．２００ｇと金属セシウム
（試薬特級）０．４００ｇとをTwo-bulb法の反応容器に
装入したのち１m Pa以下の真空とし、溶封した。黒鉛側
を３５０℃、セシウム側を３００℃となるよう加熱して
２０時間反応させた。(First Example) After charging 0.200 g of graphite film (trade name: Grafoil) manufactured by Union Carbide and 0.400 g of metal cesium (special grade of reagent) into a reaction vessel of the Two-bulb method, a vacuum of 1 mPa or less was applied. And sealed. The graphite side was heated to 350 ° C. and the cesium side was heated to 300 ° C., and reacted for 20 hours.
【００１４】このセシウム黒鉛層間化合物０．３０２ｇ
と粉末黒鉛（試薬特級）０．２５４ｇとをガラスアンプ
ルに入れて混合し、１m Pa以下の真空として溶封したの
ち３００℃に２４時間保持して反応させた。この生成物
を取り出してＸ線回折により分析したところ、結晶のＣ
軸方向の繰り返し周期の長さＩc は９．３７Åであり、
第２ステージの黒鉛層間化合物であることがわかった。
また、重量分析を行なったところ、ＣｓＣ24の組成を有
するセシウム層間化合物であることがわかった。The cesium graphite intercalation compound 0.302 g
And 0.254 g of powdered graphite (special grade of reagent) were put in a glass ampule, mixed, sealed under a vacuum of 1 mPa or less, and then kept at 300 ° C. for 24 hours to react. The product was taken out and analyzed by X-ray diffraction.
The length I c of the axial repetition period is 9.37 °,
It was found to be a second stage graphite intercalation compound.
In addition, weight analysis revealed that it was a cesium intercalation compound having a composition of CsC 24 .
【００１５】次に、この第２ステージセシウム黒鉛層間
化合物をガス反応器内に装入し、反応器を０．８m Pa以
下の真空とした後エチレンを５k Paの圧力となるよう導
入して、０℃で３０分間反応させた。得られた青黒色の
生成物を取り出して分析を行なったところ、ＣｓＣ24Ｅ
ｔ1.3 の組成を有する黒鉛層間化合物であることがわか
った。但し、Ｅｔはエチレンを意味するものである。Next, this second-stage cesium graphite intercalation compound is charged into a gas reactor, the reactor is evacuated to a vacuum of 0.8 mPa or less, and ethylene is introduced to a pressure of 5 kPa. The reaction was performed at 0 ° C. for 30 minutes. When the obtained bluish black product was taken out and analyzed, it was found that CsC 24 E
It was found to be a graphite intercalation compound having a composition of t 1.3 . However, Et means ethylene.
【００１６】このようにして得られた黒鉛とセシウムと
エチレンとの３成分系の層間化合物Ａの電気抵抗率を直
流４端子法によって測定した。また常温の大気中に１０
００時間放置した後の電気抵抗率及び４００℃に加熱し
て６０分間保持した後の電気抵抗率をそれぞれ測定し、
安定性を調べた。これらの結果を原料の黒鉛についての
測定結果と対比して、第１表に示した。これをみれば、
本発明の３成分系層間化合物Ａは優れた安定性を有して
いることがわかる。The electrical resistivity of the ternary intercalated compound A of graphite, cesium and ethylene thus obtained was measured by a DC four-terminal method. In addition, 10
The electric resistivity after standing for 00 hours and the electric resistivity after heating to 400 ° C. and holding for 60 minutes were measured, respectively.
The stability was investigated. These results are shown in Table 1 in comparison with the measurement results for the raw material graphite. Looking at this,
It can be seen that the three-component interlayer compound A of the present invention has excellent stability.
【００１７】（第２実施例）第１実施例と全く同様の方
法によって、結晶のＣ軸方向の繰り返し周期の長さＩc
が９．３７Åであり、ＣｓＣ24の組成を有する第２ステ
ージのセシウム黒鉛層間化合物を得た。(Second Embodiment) The length I c of the repetition period in the C-axis direction of the crystal is obtained in exactly the same manner as in the first embodiment.
Was 9.37 ° and a second-stage cesium-graphite intercalation compound having a composition of CsC 24 was obtained.
【００１８】次に、この第２ステージのセシウム黒鉛層
間化合物をガス反応器内に装入し、反応器を０．８m Pa
以下の真空とした後、第１実施例におけるエチレンに代
えてアセチレンを５k Paの圧力となるよう導入して、−
２０℃で３０分間反応させた。得られた青黒色の生成物
を取り出して重量分析を行なったところ、ＣｓＣ24Ａｔ
0.7 の組成を有する黒鉛層間化合物であることがわかっ
た。但し、Ａｔはアセチレンを意味するものである。Next, the cesium-graphite intercalation compound of the second stage was charged into a gas reactor, and the reactor was set at 0.8 mPa.
After the following vacuum, acetylene was introduced in place of ethylene in the first embodiment so as to have a pressure of 5 kPa, and-
The reaction was carried out at 20 ° C. for 30 minutes. When the obtained blue-black product was taken out and subjected to weight analysis, CsC 24 At
It was found to be a graphite intercalation compound having a composition of 0.7 . However, At means acetylene.
【００１９】このようにして得られた黒鉛とセシウムと
アセチレンとの３成分系層間化合物Ｂの電気抵抗率を第
１実施例と全く同様の方法で測定し、また第１実施例と
全く同様にして、常温の大気中に１０００時間放置した
ときの安定性を調べた。これらの結果を第１表に合わせ
て示したが、本発明の３成分系層間化合物Ｂは優れた安
定性を有していることがわかる。The electrical resistivity of the ternary intercalated compound B of graphite, cesium and acetylene thus obtained was measured in the same manner as in the first embodiment, and was measured in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Then, the stability when left in the air at room temperature for 1000 hours was examined. The results are shown in Table 1, which shows that the ternary intercalation compound B of the present invention has excellent stability.
【表１】 [Table 1]
【００２０】（第３実施例）マダガスカル産フレーク状
天然黒鉛（粒径２０〜４０メッシュ）０．２００ｇと金
属セシウム（試薬特級）０．４００ｇとを第１実施例と
全く同様にして反応させ、結晶のＣ軸方向の繰り返し周
期の長さＩc が９．３７Åで、ＣｓＣ24の組成を有する
第２ステージのセシウム黒鉛層間化合物を得た。(Third Embodiment) 0.200 g of flaky natural graphite (particle size: 20 to 40 mesh) produced in Madagascar and 0.400 g of metal cesium (special grade of reagent) are reacted in exactly the same manner as in the first embodiment. A second-stage cesium-graphite intercalation compound having a composition of CsC 24 having a repetition period length I c of 9.37 ° in the C-axis direction of the crystal was obtained.
【００２１】次に、この第２ステージセシウム黒鉛層間
化合物を第１実施例と全く同様にしてエチレンと反応さ
せた。得られた青黒色の生成物を取り出して重量分析を
行なったところ、ＣｓＣ24Ｅｔ1.3 の組成を有する黒鉛
層間化合物であることがわかった。但し、Ｅｔはエチレ
ンを意味するものである。Next, this second-stage cesium graphite intercalation compound was reacted with ethylene in exactly the same manner as in the first embodiment. The resulting blue-black product was taken out and subjected to gravimetric analysis. As a result, it was found that the product was a graphite intercalation compound having a composition of CsC 24 Et 1.3 . However, Et means ethylene.
【００２２】このようにして得られた黒鉛とセシウムと
エチレンとの３成分系層間化合物Ｃ５０mgを採り、示差
熱天秤により室温から８００℃まで昇温速度１０℃／mi
n で加熱して、アルゴン気流中での示差熱分析及び重量
変化の測定を行なうとともに質量分析装置付のガスクロ
マトグラフ装置により分解生成ガスの分析を行なったと
ころ、６００℃まで分解は認められず、非常に高い熱安
定性を有することがわかった。50 mg of the ternary intercalation compound C of graphite, cesium and ethylene thus obtained was taken, and the temperature was raised from room temperature to 800 ° C. by a differential thermal balance at a rate of 10 ° C./mi.
Heating at n, and performing differential thermal analysis and measurement of weight change in an argon stream and analyzing the decomposition product gas with a gas chromatograph equipped with a mass spectrometer, no decomposition was observed up to 600 ° C. It was found to have very high thermal stability.
【００２３】[0023]
【発明の効果】本発明の黒鉛とアルカリ金属及び不飽和
脂肪族炭化水素との３成分系黒鉛層間化合物は、従来の
炭素材料より高い導電性を有しているのみならず従来の
黒鉛層間化合物に較べて優れた安定性を有しており、導
電材料として利用するに好適なものである。The ternary graphite intercalation compound of graphite and alkali metal and unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon according to the present invention has not only higher conductivity than conventional carbon materials but also conventional graphite intercalation compound. It has excellent stability as compared with the above, and is suitable for use as a conductive material.
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (56)参考文献 特開 平２−97411（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 昭61−72609（ＪＰ，Ａ) 特開 平３−153511（ＪＰ，Ａ) ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) References JP-A-2-97411 (JP, A) JP-A-61-72609 (JP, A) JP-A-3-153511 (JP, A)
Claims (1)
金属、Ｃは炭素、Ａは不飽和脂肪族炭化水素を表し、ｘ
は８〜１００の数、ｙは０．００１〜３．０の数を表
す）で表される、黒鉛とアルカリ金属及び不飽和脂肪族
炭化水素との３成分系黒鉛層間化合物。1. A formula M · C x · A y (where, M is an alkali metal, C is carbon, A represents an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon, x
Is a number of 8 to 100, and y is a number of 0.001 to 3.0). A ternary graphite intercalation compound of graphite, an alkali metal and an unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2410808A JP2595383B2 (en) | 1990-12-15 | 1990-12-15 | Graphite intercalation compound |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2410808A JP2595383B2 (en) | 1990-12-15 | 1990-12-15 | Graphite intercalation compound |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH06219719A JPH06219719A (en) | 1994-08-09 |
| JP2595383B2 true JP2595383B2 (en) | 1997-04-02 |
Family
ID=18519909
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2410808A Expired - Fee Related JP2595383B2 (en) | 1990-12-15 | 1990-12-15 | Graphite intercalation compound |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2595383B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2733747B1 (en) * | 1995-05-05 | 1997-07-25 | Lacroix Soc E | INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS, THEIR PREPARATION PROCESS AND THEIR USE IN PARTICULAR IN PYROTECHNICS |
| JP5555915B2 (en) * | 2010-01-12 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | Olefinic organic graphite material and method for producing the same |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6172609A (en) * | 1984-09-14 | 1986-04-14 | Michio Inagaki | Production of swollen graphite |
| JPH0297411A (en) * | 1988-09-30 | 1990-04-10 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Production of expanded graphite |
| JP2619294B2 (en) * | 1989-11-10 | 1997-06-11 | 理化学研究所 | Manufacturing method of flaky graphite powder |
-
1990
- 1990-12-15 JP JP2410808A patent/JP2595383B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH06219719A (en) | 1994-08-09 |
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