JP2590449B2 - Methods for improving hematopoietic function and preventing anemia in newborn calves - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for raising and managing newborn calves in the livestock industry, and more particularly, to a method for improving the hematopoietic function of newborn calves and preventing anemia.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The iron requirement of a newborn calf (100 ppm) is higher than that of an adult calf (50 ppm), but the iron content in milk is very low at 10% or less of the iron requirement of a calf. Therefore, the occurrence of anemia in calves has become one of the problems in feeding management. In particular, it is known that calves fed only with milk for a long period of time have a high incidence of anemia, and that calves with anemia symptoms have reduced growth and feed efficiency (NRC standard (dairy cow), 1988 edition). Therefore, at present, the milk substitute to which iron is added is fed to calves aged 1 week or later to prevent anemia in calves.

However, it has been revealed that various factors influence the occurrence of anemia in newborn calves. In particular, with the practical application of fertilized egg transplantation technology, twin calves are likely to be born in an anemia state. In calves born in the anemic state, the survival rate and body weight gain have been reduced thereafter (Kume and Tan).
abe, J. Dairy Sci., 77: 3118-3123, 1994). For this reason, calves born under anemia need to improve their anaemia immediately after birth, but newborn calves are fed only with colostrum containing only 1-2 mg / l of iron for one week after birth. Very little has been done for calves with anemia immediately after birth. In addition, iron citrate, iron chloride, iron sulfate, etc. are known as forms of iron added to milk. However, due to the low absorption efficiency of iron by oral administration, it takes more than one week to improve anemia. Also, promotion of peroxidation due to large doses of iron (oral and intramuscular injection) and proliferation of harmful bacteria have become problems.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need for a method of improving the hematopoietic function of neonatal calves and preventing anemia early and without side effects by administering an appropriate amount of iron. As one of the methods, effective use of lactoferrin contained in milk has attracted attention. One example is that iron-saturated lactoferrin, which binds two iron molecules per lactoferrin molecule, is highly effective in improving anemia in anemic rats (Kawakami
et al. Agric. Biol. Chem., 52: 903-908, 1988)
Also, a hematopoietic agent obtained by binding one or two molecules of ferric ion to one molecule of lactoferrin using a rat after weaning has been disclosed (JP-A-63-22525). However, colostrum of dairy cows contains lactoferrin on average 0.8 g / l, which is higher than that of normal milk at 0.4 g / l (Suzuki et al., Nutrition and Food, 30: 317-332, 1977). ) Supplied colostrum containing a large amount of lactoferrin to newborn calves (Kume and Tanabe, J. Dairy Sci., 76: 1654-1
660, 1993) or even with iron-saturated lactoferrin (Kume and Tanabe, J. Dairy Sci., 77: 3118-312).
3, 1994), the hematopoietic function of calves has not been improved, and a method of effectively improving the hematopoietic function of neonatal calves and preventing anemia by lactoferrin has not yet been developed.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to suppress the rapid increase in plasma iron concentration immediately after iron supply to neonatal calves, to improve the effective hematopoietic function without side effects, and to prevent anemia. To improve the survival rate and the rate of gain of newborn calves.

[0006]

Means for Solving the Problems The inventors of the present invention have conducted various studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that it is effective to administer lactoferrin together with iron in a predetermined amount to neonatal calves. The present inventors have found the present invention.
That is, the present invention provides at least 3 g lactoferrin and at least 3 iron per day to newborn calves.
The present invention relates to a method for improving the hematopoietic function and preventing anemia of a newborn calf, which is characterized in that it is administered at a rate of 0 mg.
And a method for improving hematopoietic function and preventing anemia in neonatal calves, characterized in that iron is administered at a ratio of 40 to 50 mg.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail. Lactoferrin used in the present invention can be obtained from milk or a processed product thereof such as skim milk and whey by a known separation method using ion chromatography or the like (Law and Reiter, J. Dairy Re
s., 44: 595, 1977). Also,
The lactoferrin used in the method of the present invention may be a powder prepared by a conventional method, or a preparation such as a tablet or a capsule. Since lactoferrin is a kind of milk protein present in milk, there is no adverse effect on neonatal calves, and there is no particular limitation on the intake. However, when administered to newborn calves in practice,
Usually, 3 g or more, preferably 5 to 10 g is required per animal per day. This is a value derived in consideration of the results of Examples described later and the lactoferrin and iron contents in colostrum.

Next, the form of iron used in the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, compounds such as iron citrate, iron chloride, and iron sulfate can be used, and among these, ferrous sulfate is preferable. . The dosage of iron for neonatal calves is at least 30 mg per cow per day, preferably 40-50 mg. Further, in the present invention, substances such as ascorbic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, and succinic acid can be simultaneously administered for the purpose of promoting iron absorption or hematopoiesis.

[0009] The method of the present invention is carried out by administering the above-mentioned predetermined amounts of lactoferrin and iron to calves exhibiting anemia and calves prone to anemia, or twin calves. As an administration method, appropriate means such as mixing with colostrum or the like in feed or mixing with drinking water can be applied. The administration period and the degree of anemia in calves can be determined by measuring a hematocrit value, a hemoglobin concentration, and the like by a blood test.

[0010]

EXAMPLES Next, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Example 1 Improving the calf hematopoietic function using lactoferrin obtained from milk using the blood hematocrit (Ht) value, hemoglobin (Hb) content and plasma iron (Fe) content of calves as indicators of the hematopoietic function. And methods for preventing anemia were studied. First, 36 calves (18 males and 18 females) born from 18 Holstein primiparous cows and 18 multiparous cows were treated with no treatment (control) and 40 mg / day of Fe as ferrous sulfate (Fe group). ) And 40 mg / day of Fe as ferrous sulfate and 5 g / day of lactoferrin (Lf group) were provided, and 12 animals were allocated to each group. In each group, colostrum was fed at a rate of about 5 kg / day for 5 days from 1 day after parturition. Was adjusted and administered.

Blood is collected from neonatal calves 1, 2, 6 and 10 days after calving, and the hematocrit value, hemoglobin content, and iron, calcium, inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and copper contents of blood are measured. In addition to quantification, the calf's health status was examined. The results are as shown in FIGS. FIG. 3 shows only the iron content in the plasma.
As is clear from the figure, the blood hematocrit value and hemoglobin content in the untreated group decreased significantly from 1 to 10 days after parturition, indicating that calf milk feeding alone could not improve the hematopoietic function of calves. Was done. On the other hand, the blood hematocrit value and hemoglobin content in the Fe section and the Lf section significantly increased from 2 days to 10 days after parturition, but the blood hematocrit value and hemoglobin content in the Lf section 6 days after the delivery were in the Fe section. The values were significantly higher (FIGS. 1 and 2). When compared with the blood hemoglobin content 2 days after parturition, the rate of increase in blood hemoglobin content 6 days after parturition was 3.3% in the Fe group and 8.% in the Lf group.
At 2%, the rate of increase was high. From this, it was recognized that the co-administration of lactoferrin and iron early improves the hematopoietic function of calves. The iron content in the plasma in the Fe and Lf sections showed a transient increase two days after parturition, but the Fe section showed a significantly higher value than the Lf section, so that the combined administration of lactoferrin and iron was performed. As a result, it was confirmed that the rapid increase of the iron content in the plasma immediately after the administration can be suppressed (FIG. 3). In addition, calcium in plasma,
Regarding the contents of inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, and copper, no clear difference was observed in each section, and no adverse effects were observed on the health condition of the calves by administration of lactoferrin or ferrous sulfate.

[0012] Colostrum feeding (Kume and Tanabe, J. Dairy Sc
i., 76: 1654-1660, 1993) and iron-saturated lactoferrin (Kume and Tanabe, J. Dairy Sci., 77: 3118-312)
Table 1 shows the results of comparison of the blood hematocrit value and hemoglobin concentration between the Lf section and the above Lf section.
As is clear from the table, a remarkable improvement in hematopoietic function was observed in the Lf section.

[0013]

[Table 1] ^{a and b} show p <0.05 (collection day).

From the above results, one day per day for newborn calves
By setting the dose of lactoferrin per head to 5 g and the dose of iron to 40 mg, the hematopoietic function of neonatal calves can be improved at an early stage, and a sharp rise in plasma iron content immediately after administration can be suppressed. The effect was obtained. Furthermore, the upper limits of these dosages are about 10 g for lactoferrin and about 50 mg for iron.

[0015]

According to the present invention, a remarkable early effect is obtained in improving the hematopoietic function and preventing anemia in neonatal calves, and a sharp increase in the iron content in plasma immediately after administration is suppressed, thereby improving toxicity and the like. Side effects can be mitigated.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of days after delivery and blood hematocrit.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of days after delivery and blood hemoglobin level.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the relationship between the number of days after delivery and the iron content in plasma.

[Explanation of symbols]

 ● Control area ■ Fe area ▲ Lf area

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. At least 3 g of lactoferrin and at least 30 m of iron per day per newborn calf.
g. 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein lactoferrin is administered at a rate of 5 to 10 g and iron at a rate of 40 to 50 mg per day to the newborn calf.