JP2590416B2 - Seeding method and device - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an improved sowing method for a sowing machine for mulching.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In a film multicultivation method, a sowing bed is covered with a thin film to control the growing environment of a crop, so that it is possible to produce crops which are advantageous for farming and have high quality. For this reason, this cultivation method has been rapidly spreading in recent years as one of the advanced cultivation technologies that add value among crop production technologies. However, this cultivation method has a problem that it takes more time to lay a multi-film and sow it in a multi-film hole (hereinafter, referred to as a multi-hole) as compared with bare land cultivation. As a device to solve this problem, a device that detects the multi-holes and guides the seeds into the holes while laying the multi-film is known. With this device, it is an important issue to take optimal sowing timing. I have.

[0003] In the conventional apparatus, in order to solve this problem, a shutter for temporarily holding seeds is provided at the lower end of a seed conduit, a rod is connected to the shutter, and a multi-hole is detected by the rod to sowing timing. Or an electric switch so as to sandwich the multi-film, electrically detect the multi-holes opened at equal intervals, take the seeding timing, open and close the seeding device with a pull-type solenoid, and A device for synchronously dropping seeds has been proposed.

However, these devices detect the multi-hole and synchronize the seeds to be sown with the positions of the multi-holes. However, the seeds may be displaced from the multi-holes. Chip. As a result, the germination rate is reduced. Further, there are problems to be improved, such as difficulty in handling multi-holes having different sizes, and difficulty in handling multi-holes that are not evenly spaced.

[0005]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for collecting seeds that can be surely sown in a multi-hole.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a seeding method and apparatus capable of sowing seeds in the center of a hole in a multi-hole having an arbitrary size or a multi-hole in which the number of holes in a row (between plants) is not constant. is there.

[0007]

In order to achieve these objects, a seeding apparatus according to the present invention for sowing seeds in a multi-hole while feeding the multi-film with a multi-hole on a seeding bed is provided. , A means for detecting the multi-holes and the diameter of the multi-film to be sent, a means for holding the seeds, a means for discharging the seeds held by the seed holding means to the multi-holes, Means for detecting the sowing speed of the device, based on the diameter and sowing speed of the multi-hole, calculate the timing of discharging the seeds held by the seed holding means to the multi-hole, when the multi-hole is detected, Control means for operating the seed discharging means based on the calculated timing.

In addition, the method of sowing seeds in the multi-holes while feeding the multi-films with multi-holes comprises a step of sending the multi-films with multi-holes onto a sowing bed, A step of detecting the diameter, a step of holding the seed, a step of detecting the sowing speed of the sowing apparatus, a step of calculating the timing of discharging the seeds based on the diameter and the sowing speed of the multi-hole, Upon detection, operating the seed discharging means based on the calculated timing to discharge the seeds held in the seed holding means into the multi-hole.

[0009]

An embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 shows a sowing machine 100. The sowing machine 100 is a multi-seeding machine for performing a multi-seeding operation (tiling, ridge, laying a film, laying a film, sowing, and covering soil) in a single step using a multi-hole multi-film 200. 100 is provided with a tractor 101 with rotary plow, a film laying part 102, and a seeding part 103. The seeding part 103 is suspended from the film laying part 102 by a coil spring 104. This sowing part 1
03 is provided with a seeding device according to the present invention, which is provided with a film multi-hole detection device 105 and a missing grain compensation seeding device 106.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG. The seeding apparatus according to the present invention includes a seed conduit 2, a seed discharging shutter 3 for discharging seeds in the seed conduit 2, a seed discharging shutter 3 for discharging seeds in the seed conduit 2, and a seed discharging shutter 3, The apparatus includes a rotary solenoid 4 that opens and closes, a multi-hole detection sensor 5 (optical sensor) included in the film multi-hole detection device 105, and a seed detection sensor 6 (optical sensor) that detects seeds in the seed conduit 2.

At the lower part of the seeding machine 100, a groove generator 9 is provided, and the groove generator 9 and the seeding shutter 3 are fixed with a connecting rod 10 so that the centers thereof are close to each other and coincide with each other. Further, the gap between the seeding shutter 3 and the groove generator 9 can be adjusted with a height adjusting bolt 13 so as to be unwound from the fill winding 11 and laid on the seeding floor.
2 passes just below the discharging shutter 3.

The chipping compensation sowing apparatus 106 includes a hopper 16 for accommodating seeds, a dish 17 provided below the hopper 16,
A stepping motor (or a servomotor) 14 for rotating the perforated plate 17 to feed the seeds on the perforated plate 17 onto the seeding shutter 3 of the seed conduit 2, and a seeding motor 14 provided near the sowing shutter 3; A seed detection sensor for missing particle compensation for detecting whether seeds have been introduced into the conduit; The seed detection sensor 6 has a missing grain compensation function for preventing excessive supply of seeds and missing grains. As will be described later, through the control box 110 shown in FIGS. 3 and 8, the presence or absence of the seed 15 (see FIG. 4) on the seeding shutter 3 is determined, and an eye plate 17 for feeding the seed from the hopper 16.
Is determined.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show the seeding section 103 and the film multi-hole detecting device 105 in an enlarged manner. More specifically, the seed discharging shutter 3 temporarily holds the seeds 15 until the optimal sowing timing, and two plates are combined in a V-shape so as to be double open. The discharging shutter 3 is of a gear type in which a main gear 7 directly attached to the rotary shaft of the rotary solenoid 4 and a sub gear 8 mounted on the rotating shaft of each shutter are engaged with each other. Takes a method in which the driving force is transmitted directly from the rotary solenoid 4 to the seeding shutter 3. Then, when a shutter opening signal is input from the control box 110, the two plates of the discharging shutter 3 start to open outward with the same movement.

FIG. 6 is a plan view of the speed detector 21 shown in FIG. The speed detector 21 is configured so that an encoder 19 is connected to a detection wheel (gauge wheel) 18 via a transmission gear 20, and the rotation of the detection wheel 18 is counted by the encoder 19. This speed detector 21 is shown in FIG.
As shown in FIG. 2, the seeding unit frame 50 is attached behind the seeding unit frame 50 so as to rotate around the center of the film surface. The surface of the detection wheel 18 is covered with a sponge 22 to prevent slippage.

FIG. 3 shows an electronic control part for controlling the above-mentioned various sensors and a driving mechanism which constitute the seeding apparatus according to the present invention, and this electronic control part stores a detection part, a calculation part, a control part and a drive part. Control box (control circuit)
It comprises a microcomputer 110 and a microcomputer (CPU, I / O circuit) 111. Power is supplied from the tractor battery (DC 12V).

The control box 110 has a control circuit including a multi-hole detection sensor 5 and a seed detection sensor 6.
And an output circuit for driving the stepping motor 14 and controlling the solenoid 4. The structure of the box 110 is such that a power switch 23, input sockets 24 and 25 for multi-hole and seed sensors, output sockets 26 and 27 for solenoids and stepping motors are provided on the front panel 110a,
There is a stepping motor rotation speed adjustment knob 28, and a power input socket 29 and a connection socket 30 with a computer are provided on the back panel 110b.

C of the sowing-dedicated microcomputer 111
PU circuit is Z80 (manufactured by Intel Corporation, trade name), ROM,
It consists of RAM etc., and the I / O (input / output) circuit is IC82
55 (manufactured by Intel Corp., product name), takes in external signals of encoder and optical sensor, timer IC
(8254) Output seeding timing through (Intel, product name). This microcomputer 111
A power switch 31 on the panel surface, a mode switch 32 for switching between seeding and multi-hole measurement, a run button 33 for starting seeding work, and a stop button 34 for stopping,
In addition to the dip switch 40 for fine adjustment of the waiting time, the hole sensor signal changeover switch 41 and the shutter on / off switch 42, the shutter and the multi-hole are checked for operation.
ED (1 each) 43 and speed LED (10) 4
4 are provided.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a control circuit of the seeding apparatus of the present invention shown in FIG.

In the present invention, the microcomputer 111 calculates the timing (waiting time (t) for opening the shutter 3) for discharging the seeds into the multi-hole based on the diameter of the multi-hole and the seeding speed. FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the calculation method of the waiting time (t).

The method of calculating the waiting time (t) is a basic theory of the present invention that gives an optimum seeding timing. As shown in FIG. 7, after the multi-hole detection sensor 5 detects the multi-hole tip 45, the time required for the central portion 47 of the multi-hole to reach the discharge shutter center 46 is obtained. Thereby, the seeding timing (waiting time (t)) for seeding the central part 47 of the multi-hole is calculated. The calculation formula is t = (d / 2 + L
s) / v. Here, d is the diameter of the multi-hole, Ls is the distance from the shutter center to the multi-hole detection sensor, v
Is the seeding rate. Before the operation, the microcomputer 111 automatically measures, calculates, and stores the multi-hole diameter from the moving distance of the speed detector 21 by passing the multi-hole detection sensor 5 over the multi-hole before operation. The seeding speed (in the direction of the arrow in FIG. 7) is calculated by looping the moving distance of the detection wheel by the microcomputer 111 every 100 ms with the pulse number of the encoder 19 when moving between the multiholes in operation, and the tip of the multihole 12 to be seeded Is detected, 100 measured immediately before
It takes a value between ms. One rotation of the rotary encoder 19 is program-input based on the standard that the moving distance of the speed detector 21 is 50 mm and 200 pulses are output.

In this seeding apparatus, the waiting time (t) is finely adjusted by the dip switch 40 shown in FIG. That is, the seeding timing based on the waiting time calculated by the microcomputer 111 means that the central part 46 of the seed discharging shutter 3 is the multi-hole central part 4 in FIG.
It is time to pass 7. Therefore, when the seed discharging shutter 3 is opened and the seed 15 is dropped at this point, the time for opening the seed discharging shutter 3 and the time for dropping the seed 15 are added from this point. From this, as a result, the seed 15 is sown behind the central portion of the multi-hole 12. Therefore, in order to inoculate the multi-hole central portion 47, it is necessary to subtract this time from the waiting time of the microcomputer 111. The DIP switch 40 performs this operation. That is, it corrects items that are not related to the arithmetic processing of the computer, such as the mechanical time lag of the sowing unit 103 and the falling time depending on the sowing height, and the dip switch 40 gives the time to be subtracted from the waiting time. The value to be subtracted depends on the structure of the seeding shutter 3, but may be set once as a characteristic value before use. The set values of DIP switch 40 No. 1 to 10 are ON
, 512, 256, 128, ... 4, 2, 1 msec respectively, so that the combination of switches can be used to quickly advance from 0 msec when everything is off to 1023 msec when everything is on It is something that can be done.

Next, the operation of the seeding apparatus having the above configuration will be described with reference to FIG.
This will be described with reference to (multi-hole measurement flowchart), FIG. 10 (seeding flowchart), and FIG. 11 (seeding timing chart).

The seeding operation on the multi-hole 12 is effected by the action of the film hole detection sensor 5 and the seed detection sensor 6, and the stepping motor 14 causes the rotating plate 1 of the feeding portion to move.
Start driving 7. When the seeds 15 drop from the cell onto the seeding shutter 3, the seed detection sensor 6 is activated, the stepping motor 14 is stopped, and the rotary plate 1 for seed measurement is turned off.
7 stops. Here, if there is a missing grain in the cell, the perforated plate 17 continues to rotate to the cell containing the seed and the seed 1
Supply 5. This is the missing particle compensating function, and it is possible to compensate for the missing particles of two or three consecutive cells based on the relative relationship between the multi-hole interval and the rotating speed of the rotating plate. Subsequently, when the multi-hole detection sensor 6 recognizes the multi-hole 12, the microcomputer 111 determines the optimum seeding timing (waiting time (t)) from the seeding speed and the multi-hole diameter so as to synchronize the optimum seeding timing with the multi-hole position. ) Is calculated and the rotary solenoid 4 is driven. The rotary solenoid 4 is started, the discharging shutter 3 is opened, and seeding is performed at the center 47 of the multi-hole.

The function of the microcomputer 111 is constructed from two modes, that is, a hole measurement mode of a program for measuring the diameter of the multi-hole 12 and a seeding mode of a seeding operation program so as to be easy to use. Switching between modes is done with a switch, which is easy to handle and requires only a push of a button. First, the power switch 31 is turned on, and the mode switch 32 is set to the hole side (multi-hole). When the multi-seeding machine is in a sowing state and the run button 33 is pressed immediately before passing through the multi-hole 12, the diameter of the multi-hole 12 is automatically measured. Next, the mode switch 32 is set to the seed side (seed), and the run button 3 is set at the start of the seeding operation.
When 3 is pressed, the seeding is executed according to the program of the microcomputer 111 thereafter.

With this operation, the microcomputer 111
Starts the calculation of the seeding speed from the pulse output of the encoder 19, and when the multi-hole 12 is detected by the sensor, calculates the waiting time (t) until the seeding using the seeding speed calculated immediately before as the taken-in value. After the correction is made to a new waiting time obtained by subtracting the characteristic value of the seeding mechanism from, the seeding shutter 3 is opened and the accurate seeding to the center 47 of the multi-hole is performed.

Since the microcomputer 111 is small and weighed, it can be easily mounted on any tractor, and is mounted on, for example, the front or rear part 112 of the driver's seat.

As described above, the sowing method and apparatus of the embodiment can be summarized as follows. In the film multi-cultivation method, in the multi-seeding mechanization operation for simultaneously laying the multi-film 200 and sowing it in the multi-hole 12, A method of measuring and calculating the optimal timing from the diameter and the seeding speed by the microcomputer 111. As an input / output device, the opening is made by the transmission of the main gear 7 and the auxiliary gear 8 by the drive of the rotary solenoid 4 attached to the seed conduit unit 2. Double-sided discharging shutter system, multi-hole detection system in which the multi-hole 12 is detected in a non-contact manner by the reflection type optical sensor 5 mounted at the front position in the traveling direction, and held until seeding by the above-mentioned double-sided discharging shutter 3 Seed detection method for detecting the seeds 15 that are present with the reflection type optical sensor 6, a control box 110 In conjunction with the control circuit make the missing particle compensation stepping motor 14 according to the seed feeding th dish 17
And the like, a sowing speed detecting system for inputting a sowing speed by a detecting wheel (gauge wheel) 18 and an encoder 19 rotating and running on a film 200, a control circuit of a microcomputer 111 for controlling the above system, and its program software. The seeding system includes:

The seeding apparatus and method are a microcomputer-controlled type equipped with a control circuit of a microcomputer 111, a multi-hole detection apparatus 105 and a seeding compensation function seeding apparatus 106, and are used to control the seeding operation and the multi-hole 12. The seeding speed v was measured using the optical sensors 5 and 6 and the seeding-dedicated microcomputer 111 so that the synchronization became more accurate , and the multi-hole diameter d measured in advance was used.
And a multi-hole recognition sensor from the center of the shutter 3
Optimal for multi-hole center position 47 from distance Ls to 5
The seeding timing (waiting time t) is t = (d / 2 + L)
By setting based on the formula of s) / v, it is possible to seed the multi-hole 12 in the center part 47 of the multi-hole 12 even if the multi-hole 12 has an arbitrary size or the holes are not arranged at regular intervals (between the stocks). Optimum seeding timing is given, and seeding is surely performed in the multi-hole 12.

[0029]

According to the seeding apparatus and the seeding method of the present invention, seeding at the center of the multi-hole can be performed regardless of the seeding speed and the diameter of the multi-hole. In other words, the misalignment between seeds and multi-holes and the difficulty of sowing to small multi-hole diameters, etc., which had many problems in sowing mechanization, are eliminated, so that the germination rate is improved, high-quality crops are produced, and the work accuracy is improved. Has an effect on

In particular, recently, the emergence of high-grade seeds due to biotechnology, and the appearance of a sowing apparatus with high precision corresponding to the appearance is indispensable. However, according to the sowing apparatus and method of the present invention, feeding of each crop is performed. Application crops can be expanded by exchanging parts or adding a program to cope with 2 to 4 sowing, so that an effect on multi-seeding technology with high added value can be expected.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a multi-seeding machine equipped with a sowing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a main part of FIG.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a control box and a microcomputer of the seeding apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a partially enlarged front view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a partially enlarged front view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram showing a waiting time calculation method of the seeding apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a control circuit of the seeding apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of multi-hole measurement of the seeding apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of sowing of the sowing apparatus according to the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a timing chart of the seeding apparatus according to the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Seed feeding part, 2 ... Seed conduit, 3 ... Gear type double opening discharge shutter, 4 ... Rotary solenoid, 5 ... Multi-hole recognition sensor, 6 ... Seed detection sensor, 7 ... Main gear, 8 ... Sub gear, 9 ... Groove device, 10: connecting rod, 11: fill winding, 12: multi-hole, 13: height adjusting bolt, 1
4: Stepping motor (or servo motor), 15
... Seeds, 16 ... Hopper, 17 ... Eye plate, 18 ... Detection wheel (gauge wheel), 19 ... Encoder, 20 ... Transmission gear, 21 ... Speed detector, 22 ... Sponge, 23 ... Power switch, 24 ... Multi-hole Input socket, 25: Seed sensor input socket, 26: Solenoid output socket, 27: Stepping motor output socket, 28 ...
Stepping motor rotation speed adjustment knob, 29: power input socket, 30: connection socket for computer, 3
1: Power switch, 32: Mode switch, 33: Run button, 34: Stop button, 40: Dip switch, 41: Hole sensor signal changeover switch, 42: Shutter on-off switch, 43: Operation check of shutter and multi-hole LED, 44 ... LED for speed, 4
5: Multi-hole tip, 46: Central part of the ejection shutter, 47
... Multi-hole central part, 50 ... Seeding part frame, 100 ... Seeding machine, 101 ... Rotary plowing tractor, 102 ... Film laying part, 103 ... Seeding part, 104 ... Coil spring, 105 ... Film multi-hole detecting device, 106 ... Missing grain compensation seeding device, 110: control box (control circuit), 110a: front panel, 110b: back panel,
111: microcomputer (CPU, I / O circuit), 200: multi-film with multiple holes

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] An apparatus for sowing seeds in a multi-hole while feeding a multi-film with multi-holes onto a sowing bed, means for feeding the multi-film with multi-holes onto a sowing floor, multi-holes of the multi-film to be sent, and the multi-hole. Means for detecting the diameter; means for holding the seed; means for discharging the seed held by the seed holding means into the multi-hole; means for detecting the sowing speed of the sowing device; Based on the speed v and the distance Ls from the discharging means to the detecting means, a timing t for discharging the seeds held by the seed holding means to the multi-holes is calculated based on the following formula, and the multi-holes are detected. And control means for operating the seed discharging means based on the calculated timing, wherein the sowing speed detecting means moves on the multi-film.
The detector wheel is mounted so that it is synchronized with the rotation of this detector wheel .
Encoder that determines the rotational speed of the detection wheel
That seeding equipment. t = (d / 2 + Ls) / v 2. A method for sowing seeds in a multi-hole while feeding a multi-film with a multi-hole, a step of sending the multi-film with a multi-hole onto a sowing floor, and detecting a multi-hole and a diameter of the multi-film to be sent. Moving the detection wheel on the multi-film , and holding the seeds .
A step of detecting a seeding speed by obtaining a rotation speed by an encoder synchronized with the rotation; and a seed discharge timing t based on a diameter d of the multihole, a seeding speed v, and a distance Ls from the discharge means to the detection means. And calculating the multi-holes based on the following formula.When the multi-hole is detected, the seed discharging unit is operated based on the calculated timing to discharge the seed held in the seed holding unit to the multi-hole. And a sowing method comprising: t = (d / 2 + Ls) / v