JP2577140Y2 - Water hammer test equipment - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a water hammer test apparatus for testing the phenomenon of water hammer, and can be used particularly for training and education in companies and schools.

[0002]

BACKGROUND ART In recent years, chemical plants including petroleum refining and petrochemical industries have become complex and large-scale using various kinds of apparatuses. For this reason, the operator who controls and manages the plant needs to understand and acquire the mechanism and principle of water hammer that rarely occurs in the actual plant for plant management. Therefore, there has been a demand for an experimental apparatus which can reproduce the phenomenon of the water hammer generated in such an actual plant and can easily and quickly understand and learn the mechanism and principle of the water hammer.

[0003]

However, there are only a few such experimental devices for school teaching materials. The experimental equipment for this teaching material cannot reproduce the state in which a water hammer is applied to the pump, and is not suitable for understanding and learning the water hammer phenomenon in a real plant where the water hammer may be applied to the pump. There was no problem.

An object of the present invention is to provide a water hammer test apparatus which can reproduce a water hammer phenomenon equivalent to that of an actual plant and can easily and quickly learn the mechanism and principle of water hammer generation.

[0005]

In the water hammer test apparatus according to the present invention, a first buffer tank is connected to the discharge side of a pump, and a second buffer tank is connected to the first buffer tank via a pipe. In addition, the supply of the fluid supplied to the pipe by the pump is controlled in order from the upstream side to the pipe between the buffer tanks.
A first valve for controlling the pressure in the pipe to generate a water hammer, a first pressure detecting means for detecting a pressure in the pipe , and a pipe.
Pressure detecting means for detecting the pressure in the pipe, from the pipe
Control the discharge of the discharged fluid to increase the pressure inside the pipe and
A second valve for generating an impact is provided, and the pressure in this pipe is sequentially set in the pipe on the downstream side of the second buffer tank from the upstream side.
Third pressure detecting means for detecting force, discharged from this pipe
Control the discharge of fluid to increase the pressure inside the piping and generate a water hammer
A third valve for generating a pressure wave due to a water hammer generated in the pipe by being directly connected to the pump without passing through the first buffer tank from the pipe between the buffer tanks.
A bypass pipe configured to be added to the pump is provided.

At this time, it is preferable that the pump, the first and second buffer tanks, and the piping are fixed to a gantry. Preferably, each of the valves is provided with a valve opening detector for detecting the opening of the valve and a limit switch which is turned on when the valve starts closing or opening. A recorder and an oscilloscope for measuring and displaying measurement data are connected to each of the pressure detecting means, and the recorder is also connected to the valve opening detector and the valve opening is configured to be recorded, and Preferably, the oscilloscope is also connected to the limit switch so that the oscilloscope is operated by a trigger signal generated when the limit switch is turned on.

[0007]

According to the present invention, the pump supplies water to the pipe through the buffer tank. When each valve is appropriately closed, the flow is blocked and the pressure in the pipe is reduced or increased, and a water hammer occurs. This water hammer pressure is detected by each pressure detecting means, and the mechanism and principle of water hammer generation are tested. Further, since the first buffer tank is disposed between the pump and the pipe, a water hammer is not applied to the pump in a normal water hammer experiment, but the gap between the pipe and the first buffer tank is provided. If the valve is closed with a valve or the like and the bypass pipe is opened, the pressure wave caused by the water hammer is directly applied to the pump without passing through the first buffer tank. For this reason, it is possible to reproduce the water hammer phenomenon that may occur in the actual plant to the pump, and to experience the mechanism, principle, pump, etc. of the occurrence of water hammer in the actual plant,
The understanding can be acquired easily and in a short time.

[0008]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS One embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. 1 and 2 show a front view and a plan view of the water hammer experimental apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 shows a piping diagram thereof.

The water hammer experimental apparatus 1 includes a gantry 2 on which a measurement operation panel 3, first and second buffer tanks 4 and 5, and a water supply tank 6 are mounted. The water supply tank 6 is connected to the first buffer tank 4 by a pipe 8 through a pump 7.
It is connected to the. The pipe 8 is provided with pressure gauges 9 and 10 for measuring a suction pressure and a discharge pressure of the pump 7 and valves 11 and 12 for opening and closing the pipe 8. Further, a part of the water discharged by the pump 7 is
A pipe 13 is provided for adjusting the flow rate of water to be supplied into the tank 6 via the pipe 8 by adjusting the flow rate of water returned to the tank 6. I have.

A pipe 15 is bent between the first and second buffer tanks 4 and 5 and has a pipe length of about 30 m.
Is connected. A pipe 16 is provided from the second buffer tank 5 to the water supply tank 6.

Each of the buffer tanks 4 and 5 is sealed, and includes a drain valve 20 for drainage and an air valve 2 for venting air.
1 and tanks 4 and 5 via valve 22.
A pressure gauge 23 for measuring the internal pressure is connected, and a safety valve 24 is further provided. The tanks 4 and 5 are provided with a level meter 25 for measuring the water level in the tanks 4 and 5.
Valves 26 and 27 for communicating with the inside 5 and an air valve 28 are provided.

The pipe 1 located downstream of the first buffer tank 4
5 is provided with a first ball valve 31 and a first pressure detection port 32 via a bypass switching valve 30. A second ball valve 33 and a second pressure detection port 34 are provided in the pipe 15 on the upstream side of the second buffer tank 4. Furthermore, a third ball valve 35 and a third pressure detection port 36 are provided in the pipe 16 on the downstream side of the second buffer tank 4.

An orifice 40 for detecting a flow rate is provided in the pipe 16 on the downstream side of the ball valve 35. The orifice 40 is connected to a manometer 41 for measuring a differential pressure of the orifice 40. This orifice 4
0 is provided with a temperature detector 4 for measuring water temperature.
2 and a valve 43 for controlling the flow of water into the water supply tank 6. The pipe 16 is provided with a branched valve 44 for verifying the flow rate detected by the orifice 40.

A bypass pipe 45 is branched between the valves 30 and 31 of the pipe 15. This pipe 45 is connected to the pipe 8 on the discharge side of the pump 7 via a valve 46,
The pipe 15 and the pump 7 are connected without passing through the buffer tank 4. The bent portion of the pipe 15 has a drain valve 4
7 and an air valve 48 are provided.

As shown in FIG. 4, which is a wiring diagram of the water hammer test apparatus 1, each of the ball valves 31, 33, 35 has a valve opening composed of a potentiometer for detecting the opening of the valve 31, 33, 35. Detectors 51, 52, 53, and limit switches 54, 55, provided to be turned on when the valve starts opening and closing, respectively.
56 are provided. Limit switches 54, 5
5 and 56 are connected to an observation oscilloscope 59 via a valve selection switch 58 of a relay box 57. The limit switches 54, 55, 56 generate a trigger signal for starting the oscilloscope 59, and the valves 31, 33, 35 provided with the limit switches 54, 55, 56 selected by the selection switch 58.
When the switch is opened and closed, a trigger signal is transmitted, whereby the oscilloscope 59 is operated.

On the other hand, the valve opening detectors 51, 52, 53
Recorder 6 via valve selection switch 60 of relay box 57
1 connected. Thereby, the recorder 61 has the valve opening detectors 51 and 5 selected by the selection switch 60.
2, 53 opening degree data are recorded. The valve selection switches 58 and 60 are linked with each other, and are connected to the same number by operating one knob or the like.

Each of the pressure detecting ports 32, 34 and 36 has a structure shown in FIG.
The pressure detectors 62, 63, 64 are mounted as shown in FIG.
These pressure detectors 62, 63, 64 are connected to a relay box 57 via an amplifier 65, from the relay box 57 to a recorder 61, and via a pressure detector selection switch 66 in the relay box 57. Connected to the oscilloscope 59. Here, since the recorder 61 has four channels, each of the pressure detectors 62, 63, 64 is directly connected to the recorder 61 so that data detected by each of the pressure detectors 62, 63, 64 can be individually recorded. However, since the oscilloscope 59 has one channel, it is configured to display only data from the pressure detectors 62, 63, and 64 selected by the selection switch 66. The pressure detecting ports 32, 34, 36 and the pressure detectors 62, 63, 64 constitute each pressure detecting means of the present invention.

The second buffer tank 5 is provided with a pressure detection port 70 for mounting a pressure detector so that the water pressure in the tank 5 can be measured. The measurement operation panel 3
Is provided with a power switch 71 and a pump switch 72.

Next, an experimental procedure using such a water hammer experimental apparatus 1 will be described. First, the pressure detectors 62, 63, 64 are connected to the respective pressure detection ports 32, 34, 3 as an experimental preparation.
6 and wired to the junction box 57. Further, a valve opening detector 5 attached to each of the ball valves 31, 33, 35
1, 52, 53 and limit switches 54, 55, 56 are wired to the junction box 57. Then, wiring is performed between the relay box 57, the oscilloscope 59, and the recorder 61, and the recording amplitude is adjusted.

Next, water is injected into the water supply tank 6 and the presence of air in the buffer tanks 4 and 5 is checked by a level meter 2.
Confirm with 5 mag. Then, the valves 11, 14, and 46 are fully closed, the air valves 21 for venting the buffer tanks 4 and 5, the valves 22 for the pressure gauges, and the valves 26 and 27 for the level gauges are fully closed. Valve 30
And each ball valve 31, 33, 35 is fully opened.

In this state, the power switch 71 and the pump switch 72 are turned on to operate the pump 7, and the valves 11,
Open 14 slowly and start running water. And piping 8,
The air in 13, 15, and 16 is evacuated, and the cock of the manometer 41 is gradually opened to evacuate the manometer pipe. At this time, the equalizing valve of the manometer 41 is always opened. After the air release, the pump 7 is temporarily stopped, and mercury is injected into the manometer 41.

Next, after confirming that the ball valves 31, 33, 35 and the valves 30, 43 are open,
The pump 7 is operated by turning on the pump switch 72, and the valve 14 is fully closed to adjust the flow rate and the pressure only by the valve 11. At this time, the pressure in the first buffer tank 4 measured by the pressure gauge 23 is, for example, 2 kg / cm ^2.
It is sufficient to make the degree. At this time, a total of 2
In step 5, it is also confirmed that there is an air layer above the buffer tanks 4,5.

Then, the flow rate of the circulating water is calculated from the differential pressure of the orifice 40 measured by the manometer 41. Once the flow rate and test pressure are determined, buffer tanks 4,5
Valves 26 and 27 for level gauge, valve 2 for pressure gauge
2. Air valve 21, orifice 40 and manometer 4.
Close the differential pressure takeoff valve between the two.

When the above experiment preparation is completed, a measurement experiment is performed. First, the ball valves 31, 33, 35 to be opened and closed are determined, and the valve selection switches 58, 60 of the relay box 57 are set according to the valves 31, 33, 35 to be used. Hereinafter, a case where the ball valve 31 is opened and closed will be described.

First, before opening and closing the valve 31, the recorder 61 is started in advance. When the valve 31 starts to be opened, the limit switch 54 is turned on, a trigger signal is issued, and the oscilloscope 59 is operated. Further, the opening of the valve 31 is detected by the valve opening detector 51 and recorded in the recorder 61.

When the valve 31 is closed, the supply of water into the pipe 15 is stopped, so that the pressure in the pipe 15 is reduced. This pressure change causes a water hammer, and this pressure wave propagates in the pipe 15 to the second buffer tank 5. Since the sectional area of the buffer tank 5 is significantly larger than that of the pipe 15, the pressure wave is reflected at the tank 5 and returns to the valve 31 in the pipe 15. The propagation and magnitude of such pressure waves are determined by the pressure detectors 62 attached to the pressure detection ports 32 and 34, respectively.
63, is recorded in the recorder 61, and is selected by the pressure detection selection switch 66.
The pressure data 63 and 64 are also displayed on the oscilloscope 59. Then, the experiment is repeated by changing the opening degree of the valve 31 or changing the opening / closing speed of the valve 31.

In this experiment, the opening / closing speed of the valve 31, the maximum pressure value detected by each of the pressure detectors 62, 63, 64, the propagation time of the pressure wave, and the differential pressure of the orifice 40 were measured by the oscilloscope 59, recorder 61, and manometer. Measure at 41 etc. Then, the flow rate, the flow velocity, the opening / closing time of the valve 31, the calculated maximum pressure, the propagation speed of the pressure wave, and the like are calculated from these measurement data, and the mechanism and principle of water hammer generation are learned.

The same experiment is performed when the other ball valves 33 and 35 are opened and closed. At this time, when the ball valve 33 is closed, the water in the pipe 15 is blocked and the pressure increases, and a water hammer occurs due to the pressure fluctuation. This pressure wave returns to the first buffer tank 4 side in the pipe 15, is reflected by the buffer tank 4 and returns to the second ball valve 33 side. When the ball valve 35 is closed, the pressure in the pipe 16 increases, and the pressure wave is reflected by the second buffer tank 5 and returns. The pressure data at the time when these conditions occur are stored in each pressure detector 6.
2, 63 and 64, and various data are measured and calculated in the same manner as when the ball valve 31 is opened and closed.

At the time of these experiments, a pressure detector was attached to the pressure detection port 70 provided in the buffer tank 5, and the effect of the buffer tanks 4,5, that is, pressure fluctuation hardly occurred in the buffer tanks 4,5. Also, it may be confirmed that even if a pressure wave is generated by the water hammer, the pressure wave is reflected by the buffer tanks 4 and 5 and does not affect other parts.

Further, in order to examine the influence of water hammer on the pump 7, the bypass switching valve 30 is closed and the valve 46 of the bypass pipe 45 is opened. In this state, the ball valve 33 is closed and the pressure wave is piped. It may be added to the pump 7 from 15 through a pipe 45.

When the experiment is completed, the pipes 8, 13, 15,
Drain the water from the tanks 16 and 45, and if necessary, drain the tanks 4 to 6 and the pump 7. When the orifice 40 for measuring the flow rate is verified, the valve 43 is closed and the valve 44 is opened, the water flowing through the pipe 16 is collected from the valve 44 into a container or the like, and the actual flow rate is measured.
This is performed by comparing with a calculated value obtained from a differential pressure of 0.

According to this embodiment, two buffer tanks 4 and 5 and three ball valves 31, 33 and 35 are provided.
And the pressure detection ports 32, 34, 36, it is possible to verify water hammer phenomena due to pressure reduction and pressure increase in the pipes 15, 16 and events related to water hammer such as the effectiveness of the buffer tanks 4, 5. . Further, a bypass pipe 45 is provided.
The effect of the water hammer on the pump 7 can be verified by experiments. Therefore, it is possible to reproduce a water hammer phenomenon equivalent to a water hammer phenomenon occurring in an actual plant, and to easily and quickly learn a mechanism and principle of occurrence of a water hammer in an actual plant.

In the water hammer test apparatus 1, the equipment necessary for the experiment is arranged on the gantry 2 or the like, so that space can be saved. Further, since the assembling work such as connection of each equipment is not required in the experiment, the experiment is performed. It can be done easily.

Further, the flow rates of the pipes 15, 16 and the like can be easily detected by the orifice 40 for detecting the flow rate and the manometer 41, and the valve 44 is provided so that the orifice 40 can be verified by the gravimetric method. An accurate flow rate can be measured, and an experiment can be performed with high accuracy.

Further, since the oscilloscope 59 and the recorder 61 are provided as recording means of the measurement data, they can be properly used according to the situation, and the analysis of the measurement data can be performed easily and accurately. That is, since the recorder 61 has four channels, each of the pressure detectors 62,
The measurement data from 63 and 64 can be recorded at the same time, which is useful for comparative analysis, while the oscilloscope 59 has one channel, so that one pressure detector 62, 63,
Although only 64 data can be displayed, the range of the data can be easily adjusted, and the pressure value can be measured with high accuracy. Further, the oscilloscope 59 is connected to each of the valves 31 and 3.
Limit switches 54, 55,
Since it is activated by a trigger signal issued from 56, it can be activated only during an experiment and can be used efficiently.

It should be noted that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, but includes modifications and improvements as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved. For example, the ball valves 31, 33, 35 and the pressure detection ports 32, 34,
36 is not limited to three arranged as in the above embodiment,
An appropriate number may be provided depending on the experiment. Further, the valves for opening and closing the pipes 15 and 16 to generate the water hammer are not limited to the ball valves 31, 33 and 35 as in the above-described embodiment, and any appropriate type of valve may be used.

Further, the pipes 15 and the like are not limited to those provided by being bent as in the above-described embodiment, but may have appropriate materials, diameters, and the like.
A pipe length may be used. At this time, there is an advantage that the water hammer phenomenon in the actual plant can be more easily reproduced by using a pipe having a configuration close to the actual plant.

In the above embodiment, the valves 31, 33,
Although limit switches 54, 55, and 56 are provided in 35, the oscilloscope 59 is configured to operate automatically when the valves 31, 33, and 35 start opening and closing.
The oscilloscope 59 may be operated manually or the like without providing the limit switches 54 to 56. However, providing the limit switches 54 to 56 has the advantage that the oscilloscope 59 can be operated reliably and efficiently.

Further, the flow rate measurement is not limited to the one using the orifice 40 and the manometer 41 as in the above-described embodiment, but may use an appropriate flow rate detecting means. Appropriate pressure detecting means may be used as the pressure gauges 9, 10, 23, 62, 63, 64 for detecting the pressures of the pump 7, the buffer tanks 4, 5, and the pipes 15, 16. Further, the means for measuring and recording these data is not limited to the oscilloscope 59 and the recorder 61 of the above-described embodiment, but an appropriate measuring and recording means such as a computer may be provided.

[0040]

According to the water hammer test device of the present invention, the same water hammer phenomenon as in an actual plant can be reproduced, and the mechanism and principle of water hammer generation can be easily and quickly learned. is there.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a front view showing a water hammer test apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a plan view showing the water hammer test apparatus of the present embodiment.

FIG. 3 is a piping system diagram of the water hammer test apparatus of the present embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a signal system diagram of the water hammer experimental apparatus of the present embodiment.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Water hammer experimental device 2 Base 4,5 Buffer tank 7 Pump 8,13,15,16,45 Piping 31,33,35 Ball valve 32,34,36,70 Pressure detection port 40 Orifice 51,52,53 Valve open Depth detector 54, 55, 56 Limit switch 59 Observation oscilloscope 61 Recorder 62, 63, 64 Pressure detector

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continuing on the front page (72) Eiichi Shinbayashi 26, Anesaki Beach, Ichihara-shi, Chiba Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Incorporated (72) Inventor Etsuji Kajita 2-11-5 Kugahara, Ota-ku, Tokyo Tokyo Meter Co., Ltd. (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) F04B 51/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Scope of request for utility model registration] 1. A pump, a first buffer tank connected to a discharge side of the pump, and a second buffer tank connected to the first buffer tank via a pipe, wherein each of the buffer tanks is provided. The pipes between the pipes are pumped in order from the upstream side.
Control the supply of fluid to be supplied to
A first valve for generating a water hammer, discharge of from the pipe
Control the discharge of fluid to increase the pressure inside the piping and generate a water hammer
And a second valve for generating the first valve.
Pressure in the pipe downstream of the valve and upstream of the second valve
Pressure detecting means and second pressure detecting means for detecting pressure
A step is provided, and a step is provided downstream of the second buffer tank .
The The pipe control the discharge of fluid discharged from the pipe
The third valve that generates water hammer by increasing the pressure inside the pipe
And the pressure in the pipe provided on the upstream side of the third valve.
A third pressure detecting means for detecting a force is provided, and is connected directly to a pump from a pipe between the buffer tanks without passing through the first buffer tank , and is generated in the pipe.
Pressure wave from the water hammer can be applied to the pump
A water hammer test device comprising a bypass pipe configured as described above . 2. The pump, the first and second buffer tanks, and piping are fixed to a pedestal, and each of the valves is provided with a valve opening detector for detecting the opening of the valve and for opening and closing the valve. A limit switch is provided, and a recorder and an oscilloscope for measuring and displaying measurement data are connected to each of the pressure detecting means, and the valve opening detector is also connected to the recorder to record the valve opening. 2. The oscilloscope according to claim 1, wherein the oscilloscope is also connected to the limit switch so that the oscilloscope is operated by a trigger signal generated when the limit switch is turned on. Water hammer test equipment.