JP2571959B2 - Metal material shearing method - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION (Industrial Application Field) The present invention performs a precision shearing process while repeatedly applying vibrations in the thickness direction to a metal material, and enables simultaneous coining molding, especially for a ductile metal material. The present invention relates to a metal shearing method.

(Prior Art) As a conventional precision shearing method, there is a shaving method in which an edge of a previously cut or perforated shearing cut surface is again cut with a punching tool to obtain a smooth cut surface. Then, in order to obtain a smoother cut surface, "Press Handbook" (edited by the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity, published by Maruzen on October 25, 1975), pages 149 to 150, amplitude 0.4 mm, frequency 20 Hz
A method of performing vibration shaving while giving a degree of vibration is described. The vibration shaving method or the like can obtain a relatively high-precision cut surface with little “slump” and a smooth cut surface without a fractured surface. However, in order to process the peripheral surface of the part once punched again, multiple steps are required and alignment is necessary,
It is difficult to automate.

In JP-A-63-281716, a plate-shaped metal material is restrained by a pair of dies and a pair of vibrating dies, and is subjected to fatigue fracture along a predetermined shape while giving synchronous vibration in the thickness direction of the metal material. There is disclosed a method of cutting a blank without causing burrs by punching. However, during the final punching in which the fatigue fracture progresses from the top and bottom of the blank and the center side of the blank separates from the base material, the blank is punched at once, leaving a fractured surface in the center and eliminating burrs etc. Since “drain” remains around the fatigue fracture start line due to fatigue fracture, a finishing step such as shoving is required.

On the other hand, as a coining method, there are a case where a groove is formed in a desired shape by a press and a case where a groove is formed by etching. In the case of using a press, the first press cannot form the groove to a desired groove depth, and the work-hardened material after the press working is softened by annealing, and the press working is performed again. After repeating this cycle several times, punching is performed by a press. When performing groove processing by etching, "masking", "etching", "masking removal method"
Of the process. However, in the press forming performed as the coining method, it is not possible to form to the target groove depth by one press, and it is necessary to soften the work-hardened material after the press working by annealing and perform the press working again. After repeating this cycle several times, the punching is finally performed. In this case, a high-level positioning technique is required for each pressing step, and at present it depends on a technique by a skilled worker and is not easily automated. In the case of etching, the number of steps and time are long, and the punching step is a separate step. Further, in the processing of a noble metal material such as gold and silver, there are many problems such as a high cost for regenerating the material subjected to the etching treatment, and it is not employed.

Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 56-165527 relates to the grid on the cathode side of the electron gun. Coining is performed while applying pressure while applying ultrasonic vibration to a thin plate-shaped metal material to improve transfer accuracy. Have improved.

Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-166033 discloses an apparatus in which coining and punching are performed in one step in order to shorten the steps.

Conventionally, the precision punching (fine blanking) method, which holds a plate with a plate holder and a reverse plate holder, restrains the plate with triangular projections on the plate holding surface, and prevents cracks by the hydrostatic pressure effect,
Although the fracture surface can be almost eliminated, the flatness is poor and the coining accuracy is poor.

Therefore, in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-166033, the triangular projection of the die portion is stopped so that the outer peripheral portion of the workpiece can be moved slightly in the lateral direction, and the lower ejector against the lowering force of the upper punch during coining. Coining accuracy was improved by temporarily applying a repulsive force (equivalent to a punch). However, since punching is performed at one time, the occurrence of a fractured surface or “drowsiness” cannot be prevented.

Therefore, at the time of coining, ultrasonic wave vibration is applied as disclosed in JP-A-56-165527, and punching is performed at once as in JP-A-62-166033, or in punching, As disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-281716, even if punching is performed by applying vibration to fatigue fracture, a fractured surface or "slump" still remains. A finishing step is required.

Further, in JP-A-56-165527, there is a problem that the amplitude of the punch cannot be made large due to the ultrasonic vibration, and it can be applied only to a work having a small thickness (0.13 mm in the embodiment of the publication). there were. In addition, punching due to fatigue failure cannot be performed with ultrasonic vibration, and a separate punching process is required, or a device that has a complex structure that can vibrate in the frequency range from 100 Hz to ultrasonic vibration and requires large output is required It is.

Furthermore, in JP-A-63-281716,
In addition to the problem that the burr disappears but the cross-section and the `` whore '' remain, the clamped metal plate is given an amplitude of about 100 to 1000 Hz and is broken by fatigue failure.For example, in the embodiment, the thickness of the workpiece is Even if it is about 0.5 to 1.2 mm, it takes about 15 seconds and takes a long processing time.

(Problem to be Solved by the Invention) Therefore, a method of punching while applying vibration like vibration shaving at the time of punching, instead of performing vibration shaving on the extracted blank, is considered.

However, while vibration shaving is described in terms of amplitude and frequency, there is no disclosure of punching speed. Further, the shaving process is a cutting process, and there is no suggestion or disclosure as to whether the shaving process can be directly applied to punching. Further, the vibration punching method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-281716 merely gives fatigue fracture, and does not suggest or disclose vibration at the time of final punching. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. Sho 62-166033, in which coining and punching are performed in one step, does not disclose the punching speed.

Therefore, assuming that the frequency disclosed in the vibration punching method of JP-A-63-281716 is also applied at the time of punching, and the amplitude is calculated as 0.25 mm, which is half the plate thickness, the relative speed between the punch and the die is 50. 500500 mm / sec, and the punching speed is further added. In such a case, since a small gap is formed between the die and the punch, there is a risk that fine powder of the fractured surface of the workpiece may enter between the die and the punch and cause seizure or galling. Thick ones cannot be machined.

Therefore, the present invention performs the punching and finishing steps in one step, and further performs the coining, punching and finishing in one step, with high accuracy, no burr, no dripping, no fracture surface, and It is an object of the present invention to provide a processing method that is easy to automate and does not require large output without baking or galling of a die or a punch even with a large plate thickness.

(Means for Solving the Problems) According to the present invention, a plate-shaped metal material is constrained by a pair of dies and a pair of punches at a surface pressure of 5 to 200 kg / mm ² , and then, in this state, in the thickness direction of the metal material. To a vibration of 0.5-50Hz
Further, a method for shearing a metal material, characterized by punching in a predetermined shape at a punching speed of 30 mm / sec or less until the thickness of the metal material is completely removed while giving synchronous vibration, in a single step. And a precision shearing process for finishing.

Further, the plate-like ductile metal material is constrained by a pair of dies and a pair of punches having a predetermined shape groove formed at the tip thereof at a surface pressure of 5 to 200 kg / mm ² , and then in this state, at least one of the punches is used. Applying 0.5 to 50 Hz vibration in the thickness direction of the metal material to perform coining processing on the material surface, and finally applying synchronous vibration of 0.5 to 50 Hz in the thickness direction, punching speed 30 mm / sec until the thickness width of the metal material is cut out This is a method of shearing a metal material, characterized in that it is punched into a predetermined shape in one step, and the processing steps can be shortened by performing coining, punching and finishing in one step.

(Operation) According to the method of the present invention, first, a plate material of a metal material is restrained by a pair of dies and a pair of punches, and 5 to 200 kg / mm.
The surface pressure of ² is applied to the material by hydrostatic pressure, and at the same time, 0.5 ~ 1 by hydraulic servo system, eccentric cam system, electromagnetic system, etc.
When a synchronous vibration of up and down of 00 Hz is applied to the pair of punches, the metal material sandwiched between the punches is compressed and deformed, and the metal material comes into close contact with the contact surface of the punch and the like, so that the surface does not sag.
Synchronous vibration is applied in this vibration compression state, and the punching speed
Since the punching is performed at a speed of 30 mm / sec or less, the metal material is gradually sheared while being separated at a minute shear surface, so that baking or galling by the fine powder does not occur. Also, when punching, the metal material remains in a compressed state,
It is micro-sheared while maintaining a sharp surface without any.

Further, according to another invention, a plate-shaped delay metal material such as gold, silver, and copper is restrained by a pair of dies and a pair of punches having a molding groove formed at the opposite end, and 5-200 kg / mm.
The surface pressure of ² is applied to the material by hydrostatic pressure,
Since the vibration in the thickness direction of the metal material of 50 Hz is applied from at least one of the punches, the surface held between the punches is compressed by vibration, a sharp transfer surface without `` sharpness '' is formed, and good coining processing is performed, Further, the same shearing processing as described above is performed while holding the transfer surface.

(Example) First, an outline of the apparatus used in the present invention is shown in FIG. A lower die (3) is fixed to a mold holder (2) placed on the machine base (1), and a die clamp cylinder (5) shown in FIG. 2 is directly connected to the upper die (4). The clamp cylinder (5) can move up and down, and is guided by the mold holder (2) to move up and down. The rear end of the upper punch is connected to a punch clamp cylinder (9).
One end of the lower punch (10) is attached to a U-shaped excitation frame (12). Further, the vibration frame is directly connected to the servo cylinder (13) and applies vibration to the lower punch. The lower punch (10) is guided by the lower die (3) so as to be able to move up and down. The punch clamp cylinder (9) is
It is directly connected to 2) and vibrates together with the vibration frame to apply vibration to the upper punch (6).

The servo valve (14), which is a vibration source, communicates with a compression source (not shown) and receives a signal from the servo amplifier (15).
A vibration of 5 to 50 Hz is applied to the excitation frame (12). Further, the servo amplifier receives signals from the displacement gauge (16) and the displacement measurement amplifier (17) provided at the end of the servo cylinder,
Send a control signal to the servo valve (14). The servo amplifier (15) is connected to the function generator (11) and receives a vibration start command. The sequencer (18) is directly connected to the function generator (11) to operate it, and also issues a command to the switching valve (20) of the die clamp cylinder (5) and the switching valve (19) of the punch crumb cylinder (9). Each cylinder is sequentially operated by feeding the pressure oil from a pressure oil source (not shown).

First, a machining start command is given to the sequencer (18) from an operation panel (not shown). Next, a command is input to the die solenoid of the switching valve (20), and the metal material (W) is clamped by the upper and lower dies (3) and (4) via the die clamp cylinder (5). Also, a command is input to the punch solenoid of the switching valve (19), and the work (W) is pressurized by the punch clamp cylinder (9). The material (W) is clamped by the bottom (8) of the upper punch (6) and the lower punch (10). At this time, as high a hydrostatic pressure as possible is applied within a range where no indentation or significant deformation occurs to the metal material (FIG. 1 (a)).

In this state, a vibration start command is given by the function generator (11) and a vibration of 0.5 to 50 Hz is given to the excitation frame (12). When vibration is applied to the excitation frame (12), vibration is applied to the upper and lower punches (6) and (10) as shown in FIG. This is performed at the portions a and b of the vibration waveform shown in FIG. 2, and the amplitude at this time is set within the range where the material can be plastically deformed, and the frequency is set within the range where the punch and the material are not fused. In this state, the metal material comes into close contact with the surface of a punch or the like due to compression deformation, but punching is not performed.

Further, in response to a command from the sequencer (18), the switching valve (19) is operated, the punch clamp cylinder (9) is operated, the upper punch (6) is lowered, and pressure is applied downward.
The material (W) is punched as shown in FIG. During the punching process, the servo valve (14) is actuated by a command from the servo amplifier (15) to apply a vibration of 0.5 to 50 Hz to the servo cylinder (13). Punching is performed while vibrating, as shown in FIG.

The cut end face is subjected to repeated compressive deformation due to the compressive force on the punch surface, thereby suppressing the occurrence of "drip" and forming a sharp cut face. Further, since the metal material is punched while performing the micro-shearing, the shear surface becomes a smooth surface without a fracture surface.

The vibration waveform shown in FIG. 2 is obtained by performing the punching shown in FIG. 1 (c) while applying vibration to the punch in the part c which is a punching process. At this time, the punching speed is 30 mm / s.
Set to be less than ec. If the speed is higher than this speed, seizure or galling occurs, and the ratio of the fracture surface increases.

The d portion of the vibration waveform in FIG. 2 indicates a rubbed area between the punch and the metal material or between the die and the punched sample, but this time may be zero. After processing is completed, the upper die (4)
Return the lower punches (6) and (10) to their original positions.

FIG. 7 schematically shows an apparatus using an eccentric cam in place of the servo valve. The eccentric cam (23) is the output shaft (27) of the motor (22) mounted on the eccentric cam base (26).
Attached to The eccentric cam base (26) can be moved up and down by sending pressure oil to a punching cylinder (25) via a switching valve (24) operated by a command from a controller (21). Therefore, the vibration generated by the rotation of the eccentric cam when the eccentric cam base (26) is raised causes the vibration frame (12) to vibrate to perform the punching process. Since the clamping method and the vibration method are almost the same as those in the above-described embodiment, detailed description will be omitted. However, the vibration waveform in FIG. 2 (a) is zero. Table 1 shows examples of shearing processes performed on plate materials of various materials. Processing up to a plate thickness of 1 mm to 3.5 mm can be performed with a frequency of 10 to 30 Hz, and the processing time is as short as a few seconds.

Next, using the apparatus shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, gold,
A case in which coining and shearing are performed on a plate material such as silver, copper, or brass will be described. In this case, as in the above-described embodiment, the plate material is constrained by the upper and lower punches and the upper and lower dies, and a hydrostatic pressure (surface pressure of 5 to 200 kg / mm ²⁾ is applied to the material. For example, coining is performed on the shape of the decorative broach shown in FIG. 9 or the shape of the dynamic pressure type thrust bearing shown in FIG. 10 (shaded portion in FIG. 9). As shown in FIG. 3, a pair of upper and lower punches (6) and (10) are provided at opposite ends thereof with molding grooves (28) of a predetermined shape to be formed on the surface of the workpiece (W).

FIG. 3 shows the working process. Upper and lower punches (6),
(10) The material is clamped (constrained) by the upper and lower dies (3) and (4). The clamping force of the punch applies as high a hydrostatic pressure as the material can be coined. Die clamping conversely applies the highest possible hydrostatic pressure near the shear line of the material without significant deformation occurring. In this state, synchronous vibration is applied to the upper and lower punches to perform coining molding. That is, by repeatedly applying compressive deformation at portions a and b of the vibration waveform shown in FIG. 4, the shape of the forming groove of the punch is transferred to the material and coining is performed. If only coining is sufficient, the upper and lower punches (6), (10),
The clamps on the upper and lower dies (3) and (4) may be released.

In the part c of the vibration waveform shown in FIG. 4, the pair of upper and lower punches vibrate while the coining molding state is maintained, as described above.
As in the case of FIG. 1, the material (W ') is pulled down by micro-shearing, and punching is performed. The portion d of the vibration waveform shown in FIG. 6 is a region where the upper punch and the material or the lower die and the removed material (W ') are rubbed, but this time may be zero depending on the material.

When synchronous vibration is applied to the upper and lower punches (6) and (10) in a state where the static water pressure due to the initial restraint is applied to the material (W), the material is deformed by the vibration. High surface pressures repeatedly occur in the material. This makes coining clearer.

Further, as shown in FIG. 8, a servo cylinder (13) that vibrates the upper punch (6) in response to a command from a servo amplifier (not shown) is directly connected to the upper punch, and the lower punch (10) is synchronized with the above vibration. Instead, coining and shearing were performed using a device directly connected to a lower cylinder (29) for raising and lowering the lower punch. The operation process is as shown in FIG.

First, the plate-like ductile metal material (W) is put into upper and lower dies (3),
Restrict in (4). At this time, the tip of the lower punch (10)
It is held by the lower cylinder (29) at the same position as the tip of the lower die (3). (In this case, the lower cylinder is at the upper end.) Then, the upper punch (6) is lowered by the pressure-controlled (or position-controlled) servo cylinder (13) to clamp the material. At this point, the servo cylinder (1
Vibration is applied to 3) to vibrate the upper punch (6) to perform coining. When sufficient coining is performed, the lower cylinder (29) is lowered. The descending speed at this time is decreased slowly so that the compressive force between the upper and lower punches does not significantly decrease. Next, the upper die (4) and the upper punch (6) are released to bring them into an unclamped state. Finally, the lower cylinder (29) is returned to the rising end, and the material (W) is taken out.
Table 2 shows an example of coining processing. Even with a very small coining depth, machining was possible with a vibration of about 3 to 50 Hz.

(Effects of the Invention) According to the present invention, a metal material is vibrated and compressed at a low frequency of about 0.5 to 50 Hz and a narrow frequency range, and a small shear is obtained by punching while applying vibration in the compressed state. Since the processing was repeated, the cut surface of the metal material was made to have only a fractured surface or a sheared surface with no droop, and it was possible to perform precision shearing. A plurality of steps such as a finishing step are omitted, finishing can be performed only by one punching step, and automation is easy. Further, since the synchronous frequency was set to a low value of 0.5 to 50 Hz and the punching speed was set to 30 mm / sec or less, seizure between the die and the punch and galling were less likely to occur.

Further, according to the coining method according to the present invention, the vibration punching process of punching by repeating the vibration coining process and the minute shearing process is performed in one continuous step, so that the structure is relatively simple and the output is small. With the equipment, the cut surface of the metal material was made to have a cut surface with no fractured surface and no dripping, and high-precision precision shearing and coining were enabled. Further, the frequencies of the coining process and the punching process may be the same and approximate values, and the control of the vibration is simplified. Therefore, a plurality of processes such as a conventional coining process, a punching process, and a finishing process are omitted, and it is possible to perform finishing up to only one vibration coining and vibration punching process, thereby greatly reducing the process. Can be. Further, automation is easy and the effect is great.

[Brief description of the drawings]

1 (a), (b) and (c) are explanatory views of the shearing step of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a vibration waveform diagram, and FIGS.
(B) and (c) are explanatory views of the shearing process involving coining according to the present invention, FIG. 4 is the same vibration waveform diagram, FIG. 5 is the same operation process diagram, and FIG. 6 and FIG. FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a commonly used apparatus, FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an apparatus used in a shearing process involving coining of the present invention, FIG. 9 is a front view of a coined molded decorative broach, and FIG. It is a front view of a dynamic pressure type thrust bearing. 3 ... lower die, 4 ... upper die, 6 ... upper punch, 10 ...
Lower punch.

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuing from the front page (72) Inventor Shuichi Nakata 20 Ishigane, Toyama City, Toyama Prefecture Fuji Koshiuchi Co., Ltd. Press Processing Handbook ”(issued October 25, 1975), Maruzen P. 149−150

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A plate-like metal material is constrained by a pair of dies and a pair of punches at a surface pressure of 5 to 200 kg / mm ² , and in this state, vibration of 0.5 to 50 Hz is applied in the thickness direction of the metal material. Applying the synchronous vibration to the metal material, and punching the metal material into a predetermined shape at a punching speed of 30 mm / sec or less in a single step until the thickness width of the metal material is completely cut out. 2. A plate-like ductile metal material is constrained by a pair of dies and a pair of punches having a predetermined shape forming groove formed at a tip thereof at a surface pressure of 5 to 200 kg / mm ² , and then in this state, 0.5-50H in the thickness direction of the metal material from one punch
A coining process is performed on the material surface by applying a vibration of z, and finally, a punching speed of 30 mm / sec or less is applied to a predetermined shape until the thickness width of the metal material is completely removed while applying a synchronous vibration of 0.5 to 50 Hz in the thickness direction. A metal material shearing method characterized by punching with a metal.