JP2561433B2 - Wood chip carbide manufacturing method - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing carbonized wood chips used for various purposes such as soil conditioner, underfloor humidity conditioner, deodorant / adsorbent and the like.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Carbide wood chips are generally manufactured at low cost and used as fuel, and also have excellent gas adsorption and hygroscopicity, and are utilized in various applications by utilizing such properties. . The method of manufacturing the wood chip carbide is conventionally
The ordinary method for producing charcoal is applied as it is.As the method for producing charcoal, there are known open-ended method, underground method, deposition method and kiln method. In Japan, charcoal production by the kiln method is used. Occupy most of them.

[0003] Among the methods of carbonizing wood among the kiln methods, the raw material wood of charcoal is usually made into a standing tree shape and arranged in the carbonization chamber, and a carbonization process called a raised tree with high air permeability is performed on the wood. Direct stacking method is used to stack woody waste materials, burn the burned material in the combustion chamber attached to the kiln opening of the carbonization chamber, and send the combustion exhaust gas to the carbonization chamber as heating gas to dry and dry-store wood. Has been done.

In this method, a small portion of the combustion exhaust gas is
Most of the combustion exhaust gas passes through the gap of the raw wood and is discharged from the chimney, but most of the combustion exhaust gas passes through the space above the raw wood and is discharged from the chimney. Since the raised wood is piled up in this upper space, the drying and dry distillation of the material in the carbonization chamber first proceed on the raised wood. The temperature rise of the raw wood is also caused by the combustion exhaust gas passing through the gap, but most of the temperature rise of the raw wood is due to the radiant heat radiated into the carbonization chamber as the raised wood first rises in temperature. Is. This radiant heat gradually conducts heat from the upper part to the lower part of the raw material wood, whereby the carbonization of the raw material wood proceeds.

In the carbonization step of the raw material wood, only the carbonization step is advanced while controlling the air amount and temperature.
The ashing of raw wood must be suppressed as much as possible. For that purpose, delicate process control is required. However, this process control is difficult, for example, even if the ventilation of the raised tree is controlled, the reproducibility is poor, and the target product has properties such as gas adsorption and hygroscopicity. Not stable. Further, when the raw material wood is wood chips, the surface area of this material is larger than that of normal raw material wood, so that it is particularly difficult to control carbonization, the yield is low, and there is a problem that atomization during carbonization cannot be prevented. Further, the charcoal obtained by the kiln method is usually expensive because of the short life of the kiln, and there is a problem in terms of profitability.

[0006]

With respect to the problem of the price of the obtained charcoal, it is possible to inexpensively produce the charcoal by using a flat kiln. However, also in this case, similarly to the above, it is particularly difficult to control carbonization, and since ashing proceeds, there is a problem that yield is low, reproducibility is poor, and atomization during carbonization cannot be prevented. .

Therefore, in order to improve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a wood chip charcoal which controls carbonization well and is cheaper, more efficient and reproducible, prevents atomization and carbonizes wood chips. It is an object to provide a manufacturing method of

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have found that the reason why carbonization is difficult to control and ashing proceeds when a flat kiln is used is as follows. Focusing on the fact that there is an aeration method when advancing the carbonization process, if research is carried out, and instead of raised wood on top of wood chips, rice husks and / or shavings are piled up to control aeration, The inventors have found that the above problems in the flat kiln can be solved all at once, and have completed the present invention.

That is, the present invention provides a method for producing a wood chip charcoal in which wood chips and rice husks and / or shavings are stacked in this order on a combustion material layer to carbonize the wood chips. The wood chips used in this invention usually have a length and width of about 20 to 30 mm and a thickness of several mm.
It is a small rectangular flake-shaped piece. Wood chips do not require expensive new wood from coniferous and hardwood forest materials. That is, as a raw material for the small pieces for wood chips, inexpensive thin wood and waste wood are sufficient. In addition, since wood chips are industrially produced in large quantities as a main raw material for pulp production, they are cheap and easily available. The type of wood chip material is not particularly limited, but a coniferous forest material is preferable to a hardwood forest material in terms of the quality of the obtained carbonized wood chips. Examples of coniferous forest materials include cedar wood, cedar wood, red pine wood, and the like.
Among the coniferous forest materials, red pine is particularly preferably used.

The rice husk used in the present invention is an outer shell that wraps the seeds of rice and is the shell that remains after the rice is attached and the brown rice is obtained. Further, the sawdust used in the present invention is sawdust and sawdust that are produced when sawing timber with a large saw. Examples of the timber include coniferous forest material, hardwood forest material, and waste wood. The shape of the sawdust is powdery or granular, and the size thereof is usually 5 mm or less.

Rice husks and sawdust may be mixed so as to be uniform and stacked on the wood chip layer for use. However, since these carbides are also useful, either one of the rice husks and the sawdust is used. It is recommended to use it alone by stacking it on the wood chip layer. There is no particular limitation on the mixing ratio when rice husks and sawdust are mixed and stacked on a wood chip layer for use.

The fuel material layer is preferably prepared by igniting it in advance, but it is also possible to ignite it afterwards, and there is no particular limitation on the method of forming the fuel material layer. The burnable material layer may be, for example, a rice husk with a fire, or a waste material with a fire. The type of kiln used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use a flat kiln. It is further preferred to use a flat kiln with a flue at the bottom and a chimney.

In the present invention, the wood chips and the chaff and / or sawdust are stacked in this order on the combustion material layer to carbonize the wood chips. The procedure of the carbonization operation is not particularly limited, but for example, the following operation procedure (1) can be mentioned as a preferable procedure. (1) In a flat kiln with a flue at the bottom and a chimney, the rice husks are lit to form a layer of combustion material, and wood chips are layered on top of that, and the rice husks and / or Ogre scraps are stacked in layers to allow air to pass from the upper part to the lower part, so that carbonization proceeds slowly from the lower part to the upper part of the wood chips. Before carbonization proceeds and a flame begins to appear, the same amount of wood chips and rice husks and / or sawdust is stacked in this order to continue carbonization.

Regarding the carbonization temperature of the wood chips, any temperature can be selected, but when rice husks are used, it is 3
0 to 400 ° C is preferable, and when using sawdust,
400-500 degreeC is preferable. In particular, when using wood chip charcoal as a soil improver, it is preferable to carbonize at a low temperature, and a soft charcoal can be obtained. As described above, in the process of carbonizing the lower wood chips, the wood chips and the rice husks and / or shavings are newly stacked in this order on the lower wood chips, the husks and / or the shavings. It is also preferable to repeat the operation of carbonizing new wood chips at least once.

The time when the wood chips and the rice husks and / or sawdust are successively piled up in this order is not particularly limited, but it is preferable that the flame is not yet visible. Stacking wood chips, rice husks and / or shavings once flames are visible can lead to reduced ashing resulting in lower yields and reduced quality of the resulting wood chip charcoal.

Comparing the time until the flame begins to appear when using rice husks and sawdust alone, the rice husks are several times shorter than the sawdust, and when the wood chips are carbonized by repeating the operation, In terms of efficiency, using rice husks rather than sawdust can work several times more efficiently. In this case, the amount of newly stacked wood chips, rice husks and / or shavings is the same as the amount of wood chips, rice husks and / or shavings initially charged, or gradually as the carbonization operation is repeated. A reduced amount is preferred.

The amount of rice husks and / or sawdust is preferably 15-40 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of wood chips. When only rice husks are used, the amount of rice husks used is preferably 15 to 30 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of wood chips. When using only sawdust, the amount of waste used is 2 per 100 parts by weight of wood chips.
It is preferably from 0 to 30 parts by weight.

The operating procedure after the completion of carbonization is not particularly limited, and the obtained wood chip carbonized material can be taken out of the kiln and used as it is as a product, but it is preferable to remove the rice husk charcoal and / or the ogre charcoal. . As an operation procedure after the completion of carbonization, for example, when carbonization progresses and flames start to be seen at the upper part of the kiln, water is applied to the upper part of the flat kiln to block the chimney and shut off the air to stop the carbonization. After the contents of the flat kiln reach room temperature, the contents are subjected to a rotary sieve (Trommel) with a popper to separate the rice husk charcoal and / or the ogre charcoal to obtain a wood chip charcoal, which is preferable. Can be mentioned.

In addition to being used as a fuel, the wood chip carbide obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention is used for various purposes by utilizing its excellent properties such as gas adsorption and hygroscopicity. For example, soil conditioner, underfloor humidity conditioner, deodorant /
It can be used as an adsorbent. When this wood chip carbide is used as a soil improver, in the soil,
It is possible to improve air permeability, increase the amount of roots of plants, activate mycorrhizal fungi, activate fertilizers, adjust pH, raise soil temperature, purify soil water, prevent pollution of agricultural chemicals, and the like. Also, if this wood chip carbide is used as an underfloor humidity control agent, not only in the living space, but also in places with high humidity, such as in the closet or under the rug,
Moisture absorption makes it comfortable. In addition, it is possible to prevent the generation of mold and mites. Furthermore, this wood chip carbide can be used in a wide range of applications as a deodorant / adsorbent. For example, when placed in a refrigerator, an underfloor storage, or a closet, it exerts a deodorizing effect, and when placed in drinking water, tap water It is possible to remove the impurities and odor of chlorine.

[0020]

According to the present invention, wood chips and rice husks and / or sawdust are stacked in this order on the combustion material layer to carbonize the wood chips.
Or, since the sawdust has a unique ventilation characteristic and the amount of air can be adjusted, only carbonization can slowly progress from the bottom to the top of the wood chip by heat transfer, and ashing is suppressed as much as possible. be able to.

When carbonizing wood chips by repeating the operation, it is possible to work with rice husks several times more efficiently than with shavings, but this is based on the difference in the ventilation characteristics and burning properties of the husks and the shavings. ing. The amount of rice husks and / or shavings to be used is selected so as to maximize the unique aeration characteristics of the rice husks and / or shavings.

[0022]

EXAMPLES Specific examples and comparative examples of the present invention will be shown below, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples. (Example 1) On a flat kiln having a flue in the lower part and having a chimney (length 10 m × width 10 m × height 1.2 m), the rice husks were lit to form a combustion material layer, Wood chips (Material: Akamatsu,
Size: 20 to 30 mm in length and width, several mm in thickness) 70
20 parts by weight of rice husks are stacked on top of each other so that air can pass from the top to the bottom.
The carbonization proceeded slowly from the bottom to the top of the wood chips. The carbonization temperature was 300 to 400 ° C. Two days after the start of carbonization, the same amount of wood chips and rice husks as described above were stacked in this order, and carbonization was continued. Four days after putting the first wood chips, a flame started to appear on the top of the kiln, so water the top of the flat kiln,
The chimney was blocked to shut off the air and stop carbonization. After confirming that the contents of the flat kiln reached room temperature, the rice husk charcoal was separated by applying a rotary sieve (Trommel) with a popper.
The obtained wood chip carbide had a uniform size (size: 5 to 15 mm), and was 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the wood chips charged.

Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, except that 20 parts by weight of sawdust (particle size: 5 mm or less) was used in place of the rice husks in Example 1, carbonization temperature was 400 to 500 ° C. Carbonization proceeded slowly from the bottom of the chip to the top. Five days after the start of carbonization, the same amount of wood chips and sawdust was stacked in this order, and carbonization was continued. Seven days after the first wood chips were added, a flame began to appear on the upper part of the kiln, and carbonization was stopped in the same manner as in Example 1. After confirming that the contents of the flat kiln had reached room temperature, the ogre charcoal was separated by applying a rotary sieve (Trommel) with a popper. The obtained wood chip carbide is
It is a uniform size (size: 5 to 15 mm),
The total amount of the wood chips charged was 8 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight.

(Comparative Example 1) When wood chips were carbonized without stacking rice husks in Example 1, ashing proceeded rather than carbonization, and the obtained wood chip carbonized product had a total amount of 100 wood chips charged. It was 5 parts by weight or less with respect to parts by weight. The obtained wood chip carbides were uneven in size, and were inferior in gas adsorption characteristics and hygroscopicity as compared with Examples 1 and 2.

[0025]

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION The method for producing a carbide of wood chips according to the present invention includes a wood chip, rice husks and / or
Alternatively, it is a method of carbonizing wood chips by stacking with sawdust in this order. In this method, since a flat kiln can also be used, a carbonized wood chip can be manufactured at low cost. Since the rice husks and sawdust have excellent ventilation characteristics, the process of raising the temperature inside the kiln can be controlled with good reproducibility. In addition, this method is capable of slowly advancing only carbonization from the lower part to the upper part by heat transfer and suppressing ashing, so there is little waste in the carbonization process and the yield is sufficient. The atomization during carbonization is also prevented. Furthermore, this method has good reproducibility of the carbonization process, so that the quality of the obtained wood chip charcoal is stable, it has excellent gas adsorption properties and hygroscopicity, and it has a sufficient surface area than usual. There is.

During the process of carbonizing the lower wood chips, the wood chips and the rice husks and / or shavings are newly stacked in this order on the lower wood chips, the husks and / or the shavings to form a new stack. By repeating the operation of carbonizing the wood chips at least once, it is possible to efficiently manufacture the carbonized wood chips. Here, the use of chaff alone is several times more efficient than sawdust.

The wood chip carbide obtained by the present invention is
Utilizing that it has the excellent characteristics as described above,
Besides being used as fuel, for example, soil conditioners,
It is used in a wide range of applications such as under-floor humidity control agents and deodorant / adsorbents.

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A method for producing a wood chip charcoal in which wood chips and rice husks and / or sawdust are stacked in this order on a combustion material layer to carbonize the wood chips. 2. In the process of carbonizing the lower wood chips,
On top of the underlying wood chips, chaff and / or sawdust,
The method for producing a carbonized wood chip according to claim 1, wherein an operation of newly stacking wood chips and rice husks and / or waste wood in this order to carbonize new wood chips is repeated at least once. 3. The use amount of rice husks and / or sawdust is
The method for producing a carbide of wood chips according to claim 1 or 2, which is 15 to 40 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of wood chips.