JP2542702B2 - High speed high current switch - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a high-speed large-current switch that interrupts a large current in the order of microseconds.

[Conventional technology]

A high-speed large-current switch that uses the explosive force of explosives is known as a switch that shuts off such a large current at a high speed on the order of microseconds.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a schematic structure of this conventional high-speed large-current switch, in which a support 4A composed of an upper support 41A and a lower support 42A and a groove 5A is provided in the center of the support 4A. , An actuator 2A having a movable protrusion 22A inserted into the groove 5A, and a conductor 3A supported by being sandwiched between the upper and lower supports 41A, 42A are provided. It is composed of a pressure receiving part 21A that receives the explosive force of.

In the conductor 3A, leads (not shown) are connected to the portion protruding from the left and right of the support 4A in the figure by bolting or the like, and a large current flows through this lead, and the projecting portion 22A of the acting body 2A has a groove 5A. It is located above the conductor 3A, and the conductor 3A is in a state in which the left conductor 31A, the cut portion 32A, and the right conductor 33A are connected to each other to form an integral conductor.

The switching action for interrupting the large current flowing through the conductor 3A is performed in the following order. When the explosive 1 provided above the pressure receiving portion 21A is ignited to explode, a downward explosive force is exerted on the acting body 2A.
F ₁ is transmitted through the pressure receiving portion 21A, and the explosive force F ₁ causes the acting body 2A to be rapidly accelerated and moves downward in the groove 5A at an ultrahigh speed. The tip of the protruding portion 22A hits the cut portion 32A of the conductor 3A bridging the groove 5A, and the protruding portion 22A is further grooved.
The cutting portion 32A is cut by moving 5A downward. The cutting portion 32A is pushed into the groove 5A together with the protruding portion 22A, and the current flowing in the conductor 3A due to the cutting of the cutting portion 32A becomes an arc and electrically short-circuits between the cut conductors 3A. Although the state is maintained, this arc is extinguished by being disturbed by the protrusion 22A, and the current flowing through the conductor 3A at this point is cut off. The projecting portion 22A further advances and hits the bottom portion of the groove 5A to complete all operations of the stop switching action.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

In the above-mentioned configuration, the cutting speed of the conductor 3A is
Is the upper limit, and its value is several mm per microsecond, and it is impossible to cut the conductor at a higher speed.
Further, due to the temperature rise caused by the arc generated after the conductor 3A is cut, the expansive force of air is generated in the groove 5A and exerts an upward force on the protrusion 22A, so that the explosive force F ₁ acts on the action body.
Acting body to act as a force to decelerate the high speed movement of 2A
There is a problem that the speed of 2A decreases.

An object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed large-current switch in which the breaking time is shortened by generating a force that helps break a large current without losing the speed of an action body generated by the explosive force of explosives as much as possible. To do.

[Means for solving the problem]

According to the present invention, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, according to the present invention, an upper support made of a flat plate-shaped conductor made of a highly conductive metal material for conducting a large current and an insulating material having a through hole of a constant width in the center thereof. And fixing the conductor on the upper support over the through hole, and arranging the conductor on the surface of the upper support facing the conductor and arranging the conductor at a predetermined distance. A lower support body made of an insulating material having a groove having the same width as the through hole and a portion which can be inserted into the through hole of the upper support body and which penetrates the through hole and has a tip in the groove of the lower support body. And an action member made of an insulating material configured to stop at the bottom of this groove, and one end inserted into the groove provided in the conductor portion located at both ends of the through hole of the upper support, The other end was inserted into the grooves provided at both ends of the groove of the lower support facing the both ends of the hole. A pair of auxiliary conductors made of a highly conductive metal material arranged in parallel to each other is provided, and the working body is driven by the explosive force of an explosive material so that the tip of the working body penetrates the through hole and A large current flowing in the conductor is cut off at high speed by cutting the bridging portion, entering the groove, hitting the bottom of the groove, and stopping.

[Action]

With the initial state of inserting the tip of the acting body into the through hole provided in the upper support, the acting body is accelerated by the explosive force of the explosive and moves in the direction of the lower support at an ultrahigh speed,
The cutting portion is cut by penetrating the cutting portion as the conductor portion bridging the through hole with the tip portion of the acting body. When the conductor is cut, the current is transferred to the auxiliary conductor in a state where one end is inserted into the groove provided in the conductor and is electrically connected, and the two auxiliary conductors arranged in parallel are short-circuited by an arc at the tip of the acting body. It is in an electrically connected state. The working body further advances while pushing the arc toward the lower support.
At this time, the arc raises the temperature of the space between the auxiliary conductors to increase the pressure, and this increase in pressure serves as a force for decelerating the working body, and serves as iodine for extending the interruption time. One pair,
Since the electric currents of the two auxiliary conductors are in opposite directions to each other, a repulsive force is generated between the auxiliary conductors and the auxiliary conductors arranged in parallel are displaced in the directions away from each other. Since the space between the auxiliary conductors rapidly expands due to the dissociation between the auxiliary conductors, the air pressure in this space decreases, and this decrease in air pressure hinders the force that accelerates the tip of the acting body toward the lower support. Weaken. This decrease in atmospheric pressure serves to cancel the above-mentioned increase in pressure due to the arc, enabling high-speed shutoff.

The front end of the acting body projects into the groove of the lower support and hits the bottom of the groove to stop, whereby the high-current large-current switch completes the large-current interruption operation.

〔Example〕

The present invention will be described below based on examples. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, in which a through hole 51 is provided in the center of an upper support 41, and the action body 2 is provided in the through hole 51.
The projecting portion 22 is held in the inserted state, and the upper part of the working body 2 is composed of the pressure receiving portion 21. The pressure receiving portion 21 and the pressure receiving portion 21 serve as explosives (not shown) that give an explosive force. Explosives are provided. The conductor 3 is fixed to the lower portion of the upper support 41, and the conductor 3 has a cut portion 32 that bridges the through hole 51, a left conductor 31 on the left side of the cut portion 32,
It consists of the right conductor 33 on the right side. Cut 32 and left and right conductors
31 and 33 are integrated as a conductor only by giving their names separately. The current flowing through the conductor 3 is supplied to the left protruding portion of the left conductor 31 from the upper support 41 by a lead (not shown), and the same applies to the right conductor 33.

The upper end of the auxiliary conductor 61 is inserted into the upper mounting groove 301 provided in the conductor 3 at the right end of the cut portion 32 so that the position is fixed and the conductor 3 is mechanically contacted to be electrically connected. Similarly, the upper end portion of the auxiliary conductor 62 is inserted into the upper mounting groove 302 provided in the conductor 3 at the left end of the cut portion 32. Auxiliary conductor 6
1,62 are symmetrically arranged vertically, which means that
Not only 61 and 62, other constituent members are also symmetrically positioned. The space between the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 is the projection 22 when the current is cut off.
The lower tips of the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62, which are the spaces 52 as the spaces in which the slabs move, are located at the upper ends of the grooves 53 provided in the center of the lower support body 42 and the lower mounting grooves provided on the lower support bodies 42 on both sides of the groove 53.
It is mounted so as to hold its position by being inserted into 401 and 402. The lower mounting grooves 401 and 402 make the surface on the groove 53 side vertical so that it is difficult to come off when an external force such that the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 come close to each other, and on the contrary, when an external force trying to separate acts, it becomes relatively The side far from the groove 53 is sloped so that it can be easily removed.

The groove 53 has a structure in which the bottom does not penetrate the lower support that should serve as a stopper for the protrusion 22. Since the conductor 3 conducts the current before the current is cut off, it is a low requirement as an ordinary electric conductor. Besides being resistive, it is made of copper or aluminum as a metallic material that can be relatively easily cut by the protrusions 22. Beryllium or a beryllium alloy is used as the material of the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 because it is necessary to maintain elasticity against impact mechanical force as described later.

 The current interruption in this figure is performed in the following order.

By igniting an explosive (not shown), the explosive explodes, and the explosive force acts on the pressure receiving portion 21 to become an explosive force F ₁ that accelerates the acting body 2 downward.

The explosive force F ₁ accelerates the acting body 2 to move at an extremely high speed and moves downward, the projection 22 cuts the cutting portion 32, and further interrupts between the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 toward the groove 53. Move (Fig. 2).

By cutting the cutting portion 32 by the protruding portion 22,
The current flowing in 32 commutates to the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62, and an arc that short-circuits the auxiliary conductors is generated.

The arc generated between the auxiliary conductors raises the temperature of the space 52 and raises the pressure.

On the other hand, the currents flowing through the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 flow in parallel in opposite directions, so that a repulsive force acts between the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62.

Due to the repulsive force between the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62, the lower tips of the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 are disengaged from the lower mounting grooves 401 and 402, and are rapidly separated from each other, and the volume of the space 52 is rapidly increased. As a result, the pressure in the space 52 decreases. This pressure drop cancels out the pressure increase due to the arc, and the force for decelerating the acting body is reduced.

When the action body further advances and cuts the arc, the arc is extinguished and the large current cutoff ends, and the tip end of the projection 22 hits the bottom of the groove 53 and stops, whereby the whole cutoff operation ends (FIG. 3). .

In such a series of breaking operations, the auxiliary conductors 61, 62 are subject to shocking mechanical force, and therefore it is required that the auxiliary conductors 61, 62 behave with elasticity against such mechanical force. As described above, beryllium or its alloy is suitable as the material for the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62.

In order to further increase the acceleration force of the acting body 2, the pressure F ₂ shown in FIG. 1 is applied to the spaces 71, 72 outside the auxiliary conductors 61, 62 to further increase the dissociation rate of the auxiliary conductors 61, 62. You can take an expedited method. The pressure F ₂ is applied to the spaces 71, 71 immediately before the pressure F ₁ is applied to the acting body 2,
An elastic force approaching each other is applied to the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 by F ₂ in advance, and a pressure F ₁ is applied to the working body 2 to superimpose the repulsive force of the elastic force on the repulsive force of the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 later. This increases the dissociation rate of the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 from each other. As a method of generating the pressure F ₂ , it is appropriate to provide explosives in the spaces 71 and 71 and use the explosive force of the explosives.

Figure 4 is a line graph showing the temporal change of each force generated when applying pressure F _2, and auxiliary conductors to generate pressure F ₂ by igniting the explosive to initially generate F ₂
Elastic energy is stored in 61 and 62 at positions close to each other. After that, when the acting body 2 is actuated to generate the pressure F ₁ , the acting body 2 is moved and the repulsive force due to the electromagnetic force generated by the current flowing through the auxiliary conductors 61 and 62 and the elastic energy accumulated by the pressure F ₂ are generated. The repulsive force of the auxiliary conductor due to the discharge of the superconductor becomes a dissociative force F ₂ and acts to cancel the decelerating force f ₃ due to the arc on the acting body 2.

〔The invention's effect〕

As described above, according to the present invention, in the high-speed large-current switch that shuts off the acting body at an extremely high speed by the explosive force of the explosive, auxiliary conductors are provided in which one end is in contact with both end positions of the cut portion of the conductor and arranged in parallel with each other. , When the projecting part of the working body cuts the conductor, the current flowing in the conductor is commutated to this auxiliary conductor and an arc is generated between the auxiliary conductors to increase the pressure in the space sandwiched by the auxiliary conductors. It works to slow down the speed. On the other hand, when parallel currents in opposite directions flow between mutually parallel auxiliary conductors, electromagnetic repulsive force is exerted between the auxiliary conductors so that the auxiliary conductors are suddenly separated from each other, whereby the space between the auxiliary conductors is rapidly expanded. As a result, the pressure in this space decreases, and it works to cancel the pressure increase due to the arc described above. As a result, since the speed of the acting body does not decrease, high-speed current interruption can be performed, and a high-performance high-speed large-current switch can be obtained.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a high-speed large-current switch according to the present invention in a shut-off process, FIG. 3 is a sectional view at the same time, and FIG. 4 is a pressure F ₂ FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a conventional high-speed large-current switch when pressure is applied, acceleration force, and deceleration force. 2,2A: acting body, 21,21A: pressure receiving part, 22,22A: protruding part, 3,3A: conductor, 31,31A: left conductor, 32,32A: cut part, 33,33A: right conductor,
4,4A: Support, 41, 41A: Upper support, 42, 42A: Lower support, 51: Through hole, 52, 71, 72: Space, 53, 5A: Groove, 61, 62: Auxiliary conductor, 301, 302 : Upper mounting groove, 401, 402: Lower mounting groove.

Front Page Continuation (72) Inventor, Hashiha, 1-1, Higashi 1-1 Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (72) Inventor, Katsutoshi Aoki 1-1, East, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Institute of Chemical Technology, Industrial Technology (72) Inventor Masanori Yoshida, 1-1, Higashi 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Institute of Industrial Science and Technology (72) Inventor Norihiro Hiroshige 1-1, Tanabe Shinden, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. (72 ) Inventor, Mr. Morita, 2-2-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Fuji Electric Research Institute Co., Ltd. (72) Inventor, Masahiro Miyamoto, 2-2-1 Nagasaka, Yokosuka City, Kanagawa Prefecture (72) ) Inventor Akira Kubota 1-2-2, Yurakucho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo Keiichi Sugita, Inspector, Asahi Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (56) References JP-A-57-46433 (JP, A) US Patent 3803374 (US, A) US Patent 3895552 (US, A) US Patent 4417519 US, A) United States Patent 4571468 (US, A) French Patent Application Publication 2123227 (F R, A)

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A conductor made of a flat conductive metal material for passing a large current, an upper support made of an insulating material having a through hole of a constant width at the center, and the above-mentioned support on the upper support. The conductor is fixed across the through hole, and is arranged so as to face the surface of the upper support body on which the conductor is arranged at a predetermined distance, and has an opening on the surface facing the upper support body, which is the same as the through hole. A lower support made of an insulating material provided with a groove having a width and a through hole of the upper support can be inserted, and the tip is inserted into the groove of the lower support through the through hole and engaged at the bottom of the groove. A member made of an insulating material configured to stop, and one end inserted into a groove provided in the conductor portion located at both ends of the through hole of the upper support, and a lower portion facing both ends of the through hole. Good conductivity with a pair of parallel arrangements with the other ends inserted in grooves provided at both ends of the groove of the support An auxiliary conductor made of a metal material is provided, and the working body is driven by the explosive force of an explosive so that the tip portion of the conductor penetrates the through hole to cut the bridging portion of the through hole of the conductor and the groove enters. A high-speed large-current switch characterized in that the large current flowing in the conductor is interrupted at a high speed by stopping at the bottom of the groove.