JP2540353B2 - Aerium mulce fertilizer - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial application] The present invention relates to an aerosol fertilizer in the form of a mousse type, a so-called fine foam, and a fluid and emulsion type, which is particularly useful as a domestic horticultural fertilizer. .

[Conventional technology]

Conventionally, such a mousse type aerosol fertilizer has not been found.

Conventional fertilizers are generally used in the form of solid agents such as granules and powders, semi-solid agents such as paste (paste), and liquid agents, but each has its advantages and disadvantages. .

Further, in recent years, aerosol fertilizers have been studied and developed. For example, JP-A-48-48259 discloses a water-soluble polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol and a fertilizer component as a propellant,
For example, there is described an aerosol fertilizer which is enclosed in a pressurized container together with n-butane and trichlorofluoromethane. Further, JP-A-60-108392 discloses a foliar spray fertilizer obtained by enclosing urea, sucrose fatty acid ester having an HLB of 9 or more, and potassium phosphate salts in a pressurized container together with a propellant.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

Although solid agents and semi-solid agents are mainly slow-acting and easy to apply fertilizers, in small-scale gardening such as home gardening, the metering operation tends to be incomplete and the amount of fertilizer applied is ambiguous, and proper fertilizer application is required. The amount was hard to grasp. Further, when it is used by removing it from the surface of the soil, it has the drawbacks of impairing aesthetics and causing an offensive odor.

On the other hand, liquid agents have the advantage that they are fast-acting mainly and can be fertilized with dew, but since they are generally concentrated types, they must be diluted with water when fertilizing, and for small-scale gardening such as home gardening. The amount of fertilizer applied tends to be ambiguous depending on the operation, and it has a drawback that proper fertilization is difficult to perform.

For this reason, there has been a demand for a horticultural fertilizer that can be appropriately fertilized for small-scale horticulture, which has many planters and pots, such as home gardening.

Aerosol fertilizers as described above have been developed to meet such demands to some extent. However, like the aerosol fertilizer described in JP-A-48-48259, when a water-insoluble paraffinic gas or CFC gas is used as a propellant, it is difficult to commercialize it, and the paraffinic gas is also difficult. When using, there is a danger of fire due to high combustibility, there is a problem that you have to be careful about fire,
On the other hand, CFC-based gas is currently a problem in terms of environmental pollution.

On the other hand, the aerosol fertilizer described in JP-A-60-108392 is a fertilizer for foliar spray, and the content of nitrogen source, phosphoric acid source and potassium source is too small for fertilization other than foliar application. It is difficult to put into practical use and cannot be registered as a fertilizer under the Fertilizer Control Law.

In general, aerosol fertilizers are spray-sprayed, so it is difficult to apply fertilizers to areas where we do not want to apply fertilizer directly, such as new shoots and leaves, and it is difficult to apply fertilizers. There's a problem.

Therefore, the object of the present invention, without the drawbacks of conventional horticultural fertilizers as described above, can be easily visually confirmed the amount of fertilizer applied,
Another object is to provide horticultural fertilizer whose fertilizer application rate can be easily adjusted.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a horticultural fertilizer material which can be easily and easily applied to fertilizers without cold damage and phytotoxicity to plants in connection with the above objects.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide a garden fertilizer, especially for indoor use, which has other effects such as plant growth regulation, insecticidal / sterilization, and aroma in addition to the fertilizing effect.

[Means and Actions for Solving the Problems]

According to the present invention, in order to achieve the above object, as a basic constitution, an aqueous solution containing a fertilizer component and a surfactant is pressure-encapsulated together with a propellant, and as the surfactant, 0.
Provided is an aerosol mousse fertilizer containing 01 to 2.0% by weight of a nonionic surfactant and capable of being fertilized in a mousse form.

That is, the present invention provides a mousse type aerosol fertilizer with the advantages of both a solid agent and a liquid agent depending on the hardness (or viscosity) of the mousse, and eliminates the drawbacks of so-called spray type aerosol fertilizer. To do. That is, fertilization in the form of a mousse (an emulsion having fine bubbles and fluidity, for example, a state of an emulsion foam liquid ejected when the remaining amount is almost exhausted by using shaving foam). By making it possible, penetration into the soil will be facilitated, the mousse will not disappear over time so as not to impair the aesthetic appearance, and the fertilizer application amount can be easily confirmed by visual inspection. The amount of fertilizer applied can be easily adjusted by the surface area of the pot.

According to the study of the present inventors, by using the above-mentioned surfactant in a specific quantitative ratio, an aerosol fertilizer that can be fertilized in a mousse form suitable for achieving the above-mentioned effects can be obtained. It was discovered.

Surfactants used for forming foam are roughly classified into cationic surfactants, anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.

As a result of studying the composition of the mousse type aerosol with these surfactants, it was found that in order to obtain a preferable mousse state, a cationic surfactant, an anionic surfactant, and in the case of an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant. It became clear that it was necessary to add considerably more than the surfactant (Table 1 below).
And Table-2). However, it has been found that the addition of such cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants in such a large amount as to give a mousse state causes phytotoxicity (see Table 1).

Therefore, when these cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants are used alone or as a mixture thereof, no phytotoxicity occurs and a good mousse state cannot be obtained.

On the other hand, as a result of examining the effect on the mousse state and plants,
As is clear from Table 1 below, when formulated with a nonionic surfactant, fertilizer can be applied in a good mousse state even at a considerably low concentration, and it is used at a quantitative ratio of 2% by weight or less. When it did, it turned out that there is no phytotoxicity and the fertilizing effect is high.

From the above results, the nonionic surfactant can be effectively used as the surfactant. Among the nonionic surfactants, the surfactants belonging to the following five categories, particularly HLB4 to 14 surfactants, are suitable for the formulation of mousse-type aerosols, and are not harmful to plants. A composition is obtained which is free from Specifically, (1) polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers polyoxyethylene octyl ether polyoxyethylene lauryl ether polyoxyethylene cetyl ether polyoxyethylene stearyl ether (2) polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters polyoxyethylene stearate poly Oxyethylene oleate (3) Polyoxyethylene alkyl amino ethers Polyoxyethylene lauryl amino ether Polyoxyethylene stearyl amino ether (4) Polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester Polyethylene glycol stearate Polyethylene glycol oleate (5) Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester Examples include polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate.

These nonionic surfactants have 0.01 to 2.0% of the total composition.
The mousse-type aerosol is used in an amount of 0.1% by weight, preferably 0.1-0.5% by weight, whereby a mousse type aerosol having a good mousse state and no phytotoxicity to plants can be formulated.

In the present invention, the nonionic surfactant is preferably used as described above, but Examples No. 16 to 1 in Table 1 below.
As shown in 8, a small amount of cationic, anionic and amphoteric surfactants or a mixture thereof can be used together with the nonionic surfactant. However, when the ratio of these other surfactants other than the nonionic surfactant is large, it is difficult to obtain a good mousse state,
Further, since chemical damage easily occurs, it is necessary to keep the amount of the surfactant other than the nonionic surfactant used to be 30% by weight or less based on the total weight of the surfactant.

When the concentration of the surfactant is relatively high, a suitable mousse state can be obtained without an organic solvent, but when the amount of the surfactant is small, it becomes a foam with a lot of water, and the image of the mousse disappears. Therefore, it becomes relatively difficult to visually confirm the fertilizer application amount. In this case, if an organic solvent is added even in a small amount, a mousse with moderate hardness (viscosity) can be obtained, and it will not immediately lose its shape or penetrate into the soil. The advantage is that you can get a clear grasp. However, since the mousse-type aerosol of the present invention is intended for plants, it is preferable that the amount of the organic solvent added is as small as possible, and if it is too large, there is a problem that chemical damage occurs. Therefore, in the aerosol mousse fertilizer of the present invention, particularly when the amount of the surfactant added is small, an organic solvent, preferably normal paraffin, should be added in an amount of 0 to 5% by weight, preferably 0 to 2% by weight. Is desirable.

As the fertilizer component used in the present invention, various ones can be used, but at least one or more, preferably all three, of water-soluble fertilizer components of nitrogen source, phosphoric acid source and potassium source are used.

As the nitrogen source, for example, urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, nitrate, amino acid and the like can be used.

As the phosphoric acid source, for example, pyrophosphate, ammonium phosphate, potassium phosphates, calcium phosphates and the like can be used.

As the potassium source, for example, potassium sulfate salts,
Potassium nitrate salts, potassium carbonate salts, potassium phosphate salts and the like can be used.

The nitrogen source, phosphoric acid source and potassium source are used in an aqueous solution at a concentration of 0.1 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.5% by weight. If the concentration is less than 0.1% by weight, fertilizing effect is not exhibited, while if it exceeds 5% by weight, chemical damage may occur, which is not preferable.

As the propellant, various conventionally known propellants such as dimethyl ether, carbon dioxide gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) can be used, but it is particularly preferable to use dimethyl ether and / or carbon dioxide gas which are soluble in water. By using these water-soluble propellants, it is not necessary to mix them by shaking the aerosol can at the time of use, and since they can be used as they are, the advantage of being simple to use is obtained. When dimethyl ether is used as the propellant, the amount used is 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 5 to 15% by weight. If it is less than 5% by weight, there is a problem with the spraying power, while if it exceeds 20% by weight, cooling damage is likely to occur, and the solubility in water is also reduced, which facilitates separation from the fertilizer aqueous solution, which is not preferable. For the same reason, when carbon dioxide is used as the propellant, the amount used is appropriately 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 1% by weight from the viewpoint of preventing cooling damage. Further, by utilizing carbon dioxide gas, there is an advantage that carbon dioxide gas required for assimilation of plants can be directly applied.

Ion-exchanged water is preferred as the water used to prepare the fertilizer aqueous solution, and the amount used varies depending on the type of propellant, etc., but usually 70% by weight or more of the total composition, preferably 80-
99% by weight is suitable.

In preparing the mousse-type aerosol fertilizer of the present invention, for example, water is added to a mixed solution of a fertilizer component and a surfactant or an oil with stirring, or when a fertilizer component of a powder is also used, a powder formulation is used. What is necessary is just to melt | dissolve in water and make it into a concentrated liquid to the said mixed liquid, and to add water further, and just to make it a predetermined concentration.

In the mousse-type aerosol fertilizer of the present invention, in addition to the above components, if necessary, a plant growth regulator, insecticide, fungicide, water-soluble polymer, vitamin, pigment, spreading agent, paraffinic substance, etc. are mixed. Therefore, various effects other than the fertilizing effect can be expected. In addition, the addition of a flavor enhances the utility value of fertilizers for indoor cultivated indoor plants and the like due to its odorous components, and can be expected to activate plants. Furthermore, boron as a trace element,
Manganese, molybdenum, magnesium, copper, iron, etc. can also be added.

[Examples] Hereinafter, the present invention will be specifically described with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples.

Examples 1 to 18 and Comparative Examples 1 to 7 Various surfactants were used according to the compositions shown in Table-1,
First, a fertilizer component and a surfactant are mixed, ion-exchanged water is added to this with stirring to obtain a fertilizer aqueous solution, and this is pressurized and sealed together with dimethyl ether (DME) in an aerosol can to prepare various mousse-type aerosol fertilizers. did.

The state of the mousse and the presence or absence of chemical damage when each of the obtained aerosol fertilizers was applied were observed. The results are also shown in Table 1.

As is clear from the results shown in Table 1, when the amount of the nonionic surfactant used is 3% by weight, the mousse state is good but phytotoxicity occurs. On the other hand, when the amount is 1% by weight or less, no phytotoxicity occurs and the mousse state is good. Further, in Examples 16 to 18 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 in which other surfactants other than the nonionic type were used in combination, when the other surfactants were 30% by weight or less of the total amount of the surfactants, the mousse The state is good and no phytotoxicity occurs, but if the amount is larger than the amount of the nonionic surfactant, a good mousse state cannot be obtained and phytotoxicity is likely to occur.

Comparative Examples 8 to 32 Aerosol fertilizers were prepared in the same manner as in the above Examples, using various nonionic surfactants having the compositions shown in Table 2.

Table 2 also shows the results of observing the mousse state of each of the obtained aerosol fertilizers and the presence or absence of chemical damage. None of the aerosol fertilizers could satisfy the condition of mousse and the condition of chemical damage.

Examples 19 to 23 Various aerosol mousse fertilizers having the compositions shown in Table 3 were prepared in the same manner as in the above Examples.

Test Example The condition of plant growth was observed between the group treated with the aerosol mousse fertilizer obtained in Examples 19 to 23 (fertilization) and the untreated group.

The plants tested were Asian tam and chrysanthemum. Asian tam was a mixture of peat moss, masago, vermiculite and oyster grains mixed in a ratio of 4: 3: 2: 1 in a No. 5 pot. Planted using. Chrysanthemums were cut in the middle of May, and after watching, they were used in a No. 5 pot after transplanting using soil mixed with peat moss, Masago soil, vermiculite and oyster grains in a ratio of 4: 3: 2: 1.

In both cases, the aerosol mousse fertilizers shown in Table 3 were sprayed once a week from the second week, and the untreated plots were treated with water only in the same manner.

When observed 5 months after transplanting, the appearance of the aerosol mousse fertilizer-treated area was firmer than that of the untreated area in which only water was sprayed, and the leaves had good luster and thickening. When the pots were raised, the roots were in good condition. Moreover, no drug damage was observed.

(Effect of the invention) As described above, since the aerosol mousse fertilizer of the present invention contains 0.01 to 2.0% by weight of a nonionic surfactant as a surfactant, it can be fertilized in the form of a mousse, and therefore can be visually observed. The amount of fertilizer applied can be easily confirmed, and the amount of applied fertilizer can be easily adjusted by using the sprayed area as a guide, and there is no chemical or cold damage to plants, and fertilizer can be easily applied because of the aerosol formulation. In addition, since the fertilizer can be applied in the form of a mousse, it does not spread or scatter over a wide range like conventional aerosols, does not stain the surrounding area, and avoids weak parts of plants such as sprouts and new leaves. Further, it can be easily penetrated into the soil and the mousse does not disappear with the passage of time so as not to impair the aesthetics. Therefore, it can be suitably used as an indoor gardening fertilizer.

Further, by adding a small amount of normal paraffin (organic solvent) as described in claim 2, it is possible to obtain a mousse state having an appropriate hardness, especially when the amount of the surfactant is small. Such an effect can be effectively retained.

Further, as described in claims 3 and 4, water-soluble dimethyl ether is used as a propellant in a proportion of 5 to 20% by weight, and carbon dioxide gas is used in a proportion of 0.1 to 2% by weight. It is convenient because it can be used as it is without having to mix it by shaking the can. Further, when carbon dioxide is used, the effect of directly fertilizing carbon dioxide necessary for assimilation of plants can be obtained.

Furthermore, as described in claim 5, by adding a fragrance, an insecticide, a fungicide, a plant growth regulator, etc., the fragrance,
Various effects other than fertilizing effect such as insecticidal effect, bactericidal effect, and plant activation can be expected, and it can be suitably used as an indoor horticultural fertilizer, insecticide, sterilizing horticultural fertilizer and the like.

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. An aqueous solution containing a fertilizer component and a surface-active agent, which is pressurized and enclosed together with a propellant, and used as the surface-active agent.
An aerosol mousse fertilizer containing 0.01 to 2.0% by weight of a nonionic surfactant and capable of being applied as a mousse. 2. The aerosol mousse fertilizer according to claim 1, further comprising 5% by weight or less of normal paraffin. 3. The aerosol mousse fertilizer according to claim 1, which contains 5 to 20% by weight of dimethyl ether as a propellant. 4. The aerosol mousse fertilizer according to claim 1, which contains 0.1 to 2% by weight of carbon dioxide as a propellant. 5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer component further contains one or more of a plant growth regulator, an insecticide, a bactericide, a water-soluble polymer, a vitamin, a pigment and a fragrance. , 3
Or the aerosol mousse fertilizer according to 4.