JP2539103B2 - Device and method for decarbonizing flue gas - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

Relates to an apparatus and the method of the invention removes the CO ₂ gas in the combustion exhaust gas [relates, more particularly to de-CO ₂ system and method in the combustion exhaust gas using an alkanolamine as the absorbent.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, there has been known a method of absorbing and removing CO ₂ gas in exhaust gas by using monoethanolamine as an absorbent. An example of this conventional method and apparatus is monoethanolamine (hereinafter abbreviated as MEA) as an absorbent.
The case of using will be described with reference to FIG.

In FIG. 3, 01 is a CO ₂ removal tower, 02 is a lower filling section, 03 is an upper filling section, 04 is a CO ₂ removal combustion gas supply port, 05 is a CO ₂ removal exhaust gas discharge port, 06
Is a MEA aqueous solution supply port, 07 is a first nozzle, 08 is a liquid holding part provided as necessary, 09 is a water circulation pump, 0
Reference numeral 10 is a cooler, 011 is a second nozzle, 012 is a CO ₂ absorbing MEA aqueous solution outlet, and 013 is a forced blower. Further, 014 is a combustion exhaust gas supply port, 015 is a combustion exhaust gas cooler, 016 is a circulation pump, 017 is a cooler, 018 is a second nozzle, and 018 is a condensed water discharge line.

The combustion exhaust gas is cooled by a combustion exhaust gas cooler 015.
A part of the condensed water that has been rejected is discharged from the condensed water discharge line 018.
After discharging to outside, de-CO₂Remove from combustion exhaust gas supply port 04
CO ₂The combustion exhaust gas supplied to the tower 01 is an MEA aqueous solution.
A constant amount of liquid supplied from the supply port 06 through the first nozzle 07
Countercurrent contact with the MEA aqueous solution of concentration and temperature at the lower filling part 02
CO in the combustion exhaust gas₂Depends on the MEA solution
Absorbed and removed by CO ₂The MEA aqueous solution that has absorbed CO
₂Absorbed MEA aqueous solution outlet 012, shown in the figure
The MEA aqueous solution regeneration tower, which is omitted, is sent to the MEA aqueous solution
It is circulated to the liquid supply port 06.

On the other hand, CO removal in the lower filling section 02₂Burnt
The burning exhaust gas passes through the liquid retaining section 08 and is directed to the upper filling section 03.
U The exhaust gas is the temperature of the exhaust gas (combustion exhaust gas and MEA
Heat is generated due to absorption reaction, and CO removal after gas-liquid separation₂Combustion exhaust gas
The temperature of the exhaust gas depends on the combustion exhaust gas supplied from the combustion exhaust gas supply port.
Saturated with water vapor that meets the conditions.
You. This CO removal₂Flue gas is MEA water soluble at that temperature
Since it contains MEA corresponding to the vapor pressure of the liquid,
Ma-CO removal₂CO removal from tower 01₂Combustion exhaust gas outlet 05
When it is released to the outside of the system via the
Since it may contaminate the air, use an appropriate amount after gas-liquid separation.
The condensed water is led to the cooler 010 by the water circulation pump 09,
Here, the circulating water is cooled to cool the circulating water to the second nozzle 011.
CO spraying more and rising₂Combustion exhaust gas and upper filling
CO removal by making countercurrent contact with the filling section 03 ₂The temperature of the flue gas
Reduce and condense water and MEA vapors,
I try not to dissipate A into the atmosphere.

[0006]

Although the conventional method and apparatus for removing CO ₂ described with reference to FIG. 3 is useful as such, alkanol which is an absorbent that is taken out of the CO ₂ column outside the system is still used. There is a problem that the amount of amine is large and therefore the loss of the valuable absorbent is large, and the air pollution accompanying it is generated.

In view of the above-mentioned state of the art, the present invention is a conventional C-free method.
An object of the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas, which can significantly reduce the loss amount of alkanolamine as an absorbent as compared with the O ₂ method and apparatus, and thereby eliminate the risk of air pollution. Is.

[0008]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention comprises (1) contacting a combustion exhaust gas with an alkanolamine aqueous solution.
CO in combustion exhaust gas ₂To remove CO₂On the device
And the alkanolamine aqueous solution and combustion exhaust gas come into countercurrent contact.
At the wake side of the combustion exhaust gas of the contacting part, CO₂Is removed
Removed CO₂In the cooling section for cooling the combustion exhaust gas and the cooling section
Condensed water and CO removal₂Contact part where combustion exhaust gas comes into countercurrent contact
CO removal of combustion exhaust gas, characterized in that₂Dress
Place.

(2) Removal of CO _{2 from} the combustion exhaust gas of (1) above
In the apparatus, the temperature of the de-CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas is kept higher than the temperature of the water-saturated state of the combustion exhaust gas supplied from the combustion exhaust gas supply port, and the steam discharged to the outside of the system is accompanied by the CO ₂ -free combustion exhaust gas. A method for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas, which comprises condensing and supplying an appropriate amount of water in the cooling section.

(3) Combustion exhaust gas and alkanolamine water
The solution is brought into contact with CO in the combustion exhaust gas ₂To remove C
O₂In the equipment, the alkanolamine aqueous solution and combustion exhaust
On the wake side of the combustion exhaust gas at the contact part where the gas comes into countercurrent contact,
Supply unit and the supplied water and CO removal₂Combustion exhaust gas comes into countercurrent contact
With a contacting part that removes CO₂CO removal on the upstream side of the device₂
Combustion exhaust gas cooling means supplied to the device is provided
A means for supplying the water condensed in the stage to the water supply section is provided.
CO removal of combustion exhaust gas characterized by₂apparatus.

(4) Removal of CO _{2 from} the combustion exhaust gas of (3) above
In the apparatus, the condensate obtained in the cooling means is supplied to the water supply unit by an amount commensurate with the water vapor out have out of the system and entrained from removing CO ₂ device to de-CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas the water supply unit A method for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas, which comprises supplying the CO ₂ to a contact portion that makes countercurrent contact with the combustion gas. Is.

[0012]

The operation of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 showing one embodiment of the apparatus and method for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas of the present invention.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a CO ₂ removal column, 2 is a lower packing part, 3 is an upper countercurrent contact part (here, a tray part), 4
Is a de CO ₂ tower combustion exhaust gas supply port, 5 is a de CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas discharge port, 6 is an MEA aqueous solution supply port, 7 is a first nozzle,
8 is a cooler, 9 is a CO ₂ absorption MEA aqueous solution outlet, 10
Is a forced blower, 11 is a combustion exhaust gas supply port, 12 is a combustion exhaust gas cooler, 13 is a circulation pump, 14 is a cooler, 15 is a second nozzle, and 16 is a condensed water discharge line.

[0014] combustion exhaust gas discharged to the partially condensed water out of the system as described with respect to FIG. 3 is fed from the de-CO ₂ tower combustion exhaust gas feed port 4 to the de-CO ₂ column 1, first the aqueous MEA solution supply port 6 The MEA aqueous solution having a constant concentration and temperature supplied through one nozzle 7 is brought into countercurrent contact with the lower filling part 2,
CO ₂ in the combustion exhaust gas is absorbed and removed by the aqueous MEA solution, aqueous MEA solution which has absorbed CO ₂ is CO ₂ absorption ME
The solution is discharged from the A solution discharge port 9, sent to an MEA solution regeneration tower (not shown), and circulated to the MEA solution supply port 6.

CO removal in the lower filling section 2₂Combustion exhaust gas
Flows upward along with MEA vapor, and the upper countercurrent contact portion 3
Leading to CO removal₂Cooled by the cooler 8 at the top of the tower 1.
It is brought into countercurrent contact with the condensate that is rejected and supplied. this
At this time, the amount of condensed water that condenses and falls is the amount of CO in the combustion exhaust gas.
₂Amount commensurate with the water vapor discharged from the removal system
The amount of refrigerant flowing through the cooler 8 should be adjusted so that
You. Otherwise de-CO ₂Tower 1 and the illustrated ministry connected to it
The water balance of the system consisting of an abbreviated MEA regeneration tower collapses, and ME
CO removal from A solution supply port 6₂MEA water supplied to tower 1
This is because the concentration of the solution cannot be kept constant.

Water falling on the upper countercurrent contact part 3 and the upper part
CO removal accompanied by rising MEA vapor ₂Contact with combustion exhaust gas
By touching, it is possible to roughly explain each theoretical step of the upper countercurrent contact section.
De-CO₂MEA concentration in water vapor that accompanies combustion exhaust gas is
By reducing the number of trays by about 2 digits or more
As a result, de-CO₂Emitted from combustion gas outlet 5
De-CO₂ME that is taken out of the system along with combustion exhaust gas
A can be almost zero.

Next, another embodiment of the apparatus and method for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas of the present invention will be explained with reference to FIG. 2 to clarify the operation of the present invention.

In FIG. 2, 1 is a CO ₂ removal tower, 2 is a lower packing section, 3 is an upper countercurrent contact section, 4 is a CO ₂ removal tower combustion exhaust gas supply port, 5 is a CO ₂ removal combustion exhaust gas outlet, and 6 Is MEA
Aqueous solution supply port, 7 is the first nozzle, 8 is a water supply port, and 9 is C
O ₂ absorption MEA aqueous solution outlet, 10 is a blower for pushing, 11
Is a combustion exhaust gas supply port, 12 is a combustion gas cooler, 13 is a circulation pump, 14 is a cooler, 15 is a second nozzle, 16 is a CO ₂ tower combustion exhaust gas supply pipe, and 17 is condensed water supply pipe.

The combustion exhaust gas is supplied from the combustion exhaust gas supply port 11
Combustion exhaust gas cooler 12 provided upstream of the CO ₂ removal tower 1
Water in the combustion exhaust gas is condensed by being contacted with the condensed water which is introduced into the cooling device 14 and condensed by the cooler 14 and drops from the second nozzle 15, and the CO ₂ is removed from the combustion exhaust gas pipe 16 by the pushing blower 10 to remove the CO 2. _The CO ₂ removal gas from the ₂ towers 1 is supplied to the combustion exhaust gas supply port 4. On the other hand, the combustion exhaust gas cooler 11
The condensate produced in step ₂ passes through the condensate supply pipe 17 to remove CO ₂
It is supplied to a water supply port 8 provided at the upper part of the tower 1.

CO removal from the CO ₂ tower combustion exhaust gas supply port 4
_The partially dehydrated combustion exhaust gas supplied to the _two towers 1 has a constant concentration supplied from the MEA aqueous solution supply port 6 through the first nozzle 7,
The MEA solution at a temperature is brought into countercurrent contact with the lower filling part 2, CO ₂ in the combustion exhaust gas is absorbed and removed by the MEA solution, and the MEA solution having absorbed CO ₂ is discharged by the CO ₂ absorbing MEA solution outlet 9, Omitted MEA
It is sent to the aqueous solution regeneration tower and circulated through the MEA aqueous solution supply port 6.

The combustion exhaust gas de-CO ₂ in the lower filling part 2 flows upward together with the MEA vapor, and the upper countercurrent contact part 3
Then, it is brought into countercurrent contact with the condensed water supplied from the water supply port 8 in the upper part of the CO ₂ removal tower 1. At this time, the amount of condensed water supplied from the water supply port 8 is equal to the amount of CO in the combustion exhaust gas.
_{2 The} amount should be commensurate with the water vapor discharged from the removal system, and therefore the amount of refrigerant supplied to the combustion exhaust gas cooler 12 or the amount circulating to the second nozzle 15 should be adjusted. is there. Otherwise, the water balance of the system composed of the CO ₂ removal tower 1 and the MEA solution regeneration tower (not shown) connected to the CO ₂ removal tower collapses, and the CO removal from the MEA solution supply port 6 is eliminated.
_This is because the concentration of the MEA aqueous solution supplied to the _two towers 1 cannot be kept constant. When the amount of condensed water generated in the combustion exhaust gas cooler 12 is too large, the excess amount is discharged out of the system.

With the above apparatus and method, the same effect as described with reference to FIG. 1 can be obtained.

As is apparent from the above-described one aspect of the present invention, the apparatus and method of the present invention can reduce the loss of the absorbent to the outside of the system almost completely, thus solving the problem of air pollution. Not only can the power of the water circulation pump be saved and equipment such as a cooler can be omitted as compared with the conventional apparatus and method shown in FIG.

[0024]

EXAMPLES The effects of the present invention will be proved by comparing the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2 of the present invention with the embodiment of FIG. 3 showing the conventional apparatus and method in Tables 1 and 2.

[Table 1]

[Table 2]

[0025]

According to the present invention, the loss of the alkanolamine which is a CO ₂ absorbent is reduced to almost zero,
As a result, the problem of air pollution can be solved.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of one embodiment of a CO ₂ removal apparatus and method of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of another embodiment of the CO ₂ removal apparatus and method of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of one embodiment of a conventional CO ₂ removal device and method.

Claims (4)

(57) [Claims] 1. De-CO ₂ for removing CO ₂ from combustion exhaust gas by bringing the combustion exhaust gas into contact with an alkanolamine aqueous solution.
In the apparatus, CO _{2 is provided} on the downstream side of the combustion exhaust gas at the contact portion where the alkanolamine aqueous solution and the combustion exhaust gas come into countercurrent contact.
De CO ₂ of the combustion exhaust gas but which is characterized in that condensed water and de CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas in the cooling section and the cooling section for cooling the de-CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas is removed is provided with a contact portion for countercurrent contact apparatus. _{2. The} apparatus for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the exhaust gas from CO ₂ removal is kept higher than the temperature of the water saturation state of the combustion exhaust gas supplied from the combustion exhaust gas supply port, _{2 A} method for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas, which comprises condensing and supplying an amount of water commensurate with the combustion exhaust gas to be discharged outside the system in the cooling section. 3. A combustion exhaust gas and brought into contact with an aqueous alkanolamine solution, de-CO ₂ to remove CO ₂ in the combustion exhaust gas
In the apparatus, a water supply section and a contact section where CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas and CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas come in countercurrent contact are provided on the downstream side of the combustion exhaust gas of the contact section where the alkanolamine aqueous solution and the combustion exhaust gas make countercurrent contact, and flue gas cooling means is supplied to the upstream side in de CO ₂ device CO ₂ device is provided, the condensed water in said cooling means of the combustion exhaust gas, characterized by comprising a means for supplying to the water supply unit CO ₂ removal device. 4. The apparatus for removing CO _{2 from} combustion exhaust gas according to claim 3, wherein the condensed water obtained by the cooling means is supplied to the water supply unit, and the CO ₂ removal apparatus removes the condensed CO ₂ combustion exhaust gas. de CO ₂ method flue gas and supplying to the contact portion to de CO ₂ combustion gas countercurrently contacted from only the water supply unit amount to meet the water vapor out rice to the outside of the system.