JP2518756B2 - Storage battery heating and rapid heating system for electric vehicles - Google Patents
Storage battery heating and rapid heating system for electric vehiclesInfo
- Publication number
- JP2518756B2 JP2518756B2 JP3315429A JP31542991A JP2518756B2 JP 2518756 B2 JP2518756 B2 JP 2518756B2 JP 3315429 A JP3315429 A JP 3315429A JP 31542991 A JP31542991 A JP 31542991A JP 2518756 B2 JP2518756 B2 JP 2518756B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- storage battery
- coil
- storage tank
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Description
【０００１】[0001]
【産業上の利用分野】この発明は、蓄電池の充電時に、
電気ヒータの熱を蓄熱槽に蓄え、その熱を使って蓄電池
を暖め、また、車室を急速暖房する装置に関する。BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to charging of a storage battery,
The present invention relates to a device that stores the heat of an electric heater in a heat storage tank, uses the heat to warm a storage battery, and rapidly heats a passenger compartment.
【０００２】[0002]
【従来の技術】電気自動車に現在使われている蓄電池
は、冬季低温下で性能が著しく低下する。例えば、鉛蓄
電池は、温度が２０℃から０℃に下がると、性能が８０
％になり、さらに−５℃になると、６５％の性能になっ
てしまう。しかし、従来の電気自動車には、冬季低温時
に蓄電池を暖める等の対策はとられていない。2. Description of the Related Art A storage battery currently used in an electric vehicle is remarkably deteriorated in low temperature in winter. For example, a lead-acid battery has a performance of 80 when the temperature drops from 20 ° C to 0 ° C.
%, And at −5 ° C., the performance becomes 65%. However, conventional electric vehicles do not take measures such as heating a storage battery at low temperatures in winter.
【０００３】一方、電気自動車の車室暖房は、電気ヒー
タを使ったものと石油燃焼式が従来使われている。電気
ヒータ式は蓄電池に負担がかかり、寒冷地での試験で
は、１回の充電で走行できる距離が３０％程減少すると
いうデータがある。石油燃焼式は、排気ガスを出さない
という電気自動車のメリットを自ら放棄することにな
る。On the other hand, as a vehicle compartment heating of an electric vehicle, one using an electric heater and one using an oil burning type are conventionally used. The electric heater type imposes a burden on the storage battery, and there is data that in a test in a cold region, the distance that can be traveled by one charge is reduced by about 30%. The oil-fired type will abandon the merit of electric vehicles that do not emit exhaust gas.
【０００４】[0004]
【発明が解決しようとする課題】この発明は、蓄電池の
充電時に、電気ヒータの熱を蓄熱槽に蓄え、その熱を使
って、蓄電池を暖め、車内を暖房することを目的とす
る。。SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to store the heat of an electric heater in a heat storage tank when the storage battery is charged, and use the heat to heat the storage battery and heat the inside of the vehicle. .
【０００５】[0005]
【課題を解決するための手段】この発明による装置は、
電気ヒータの熱を蓄える潜熱蓄熱槽を有し、この蓄熱槽
の上に駆動用蓄電池を配置する。蓄熱槽の上面は放熱面
になっており、この面から出る熱で蓄電池が暖められ
る。そして、蓄熱槽には熱交換コイルが、車室には暖房
用の室内コイルが置かれており、ヒートポンプで熱交換
コイルから室内コイルに熱を移送する。The device according to the invention comprises:
A latent heat storage tank for storing the heat of the electric heater is provided, and a drive storage battery is arranged on the heat storage tank. The upper surface of the heat storage tank is a heat dissipation surface, and the heat generated from this surface heats the storage battery. A heat exchange coil is placed in the heat storage tank and an indoor coil for heating is placed in the passenger compartment, and heat is transferred from the heat exchange coil to the indoor coil by a heat pump.
【０００６】また、この発明の装置は、電気ヒータの熱
を蓄える潜熱蓄熱槽の熱でいったん温風をつくり、これ
を蓄電池の周囲および車室に導くように構成することも
できる。Further, the apparatus of the present invention can also be constructed so that hot air is once generated by the heat of the latent heat storage tank for storing the heat of the electric heater and the hot air is guided to the surroundings of the storage battery and the passenger compartment.
【０００７】[0007]
【実施例】図１に示すように、電気自動車の後部に潜熱
蓄熱槽１を配置する。潜熱蓄熱槽１は図２に断面を示す
ように、蓄熱材２と蓄熱材２の間に電熱ヒータ３と熱交
換コイル４が交互に配置されており、間隙は充填材５で
満たされ、蓄熱材の外側は断熱材６で覆われている。蓄
熱槽１の上面は放熱面になっており、そのために、蓄熱
槽上面の断熱材に放熱孔７が複数あけてあり、これらの
放熱孔を通って輻射熱が上に出ていくようになってい
る。蓄電池８はいくつかまとまってトレイ（図示しな
い）に載っており、このトレイが蓄熱槽１の上に置かれ
る。EXAMPLE As shown in FIG. 1, a latent heat storage tank 1 is arranged at the rear of an electric vehicle. As shown in the cross section of FIG. 2, the latent heat storage tank 1 has a heat storage material 2 and a heat exchange coil 4 alternately arranged between the heat storage material 2, and the gap is filled with a filler 5 to store heat. The outside of the material is covered with a heat insulating material 6. The upper surface of the heat storage tank 1 is a heat dissipation surface, and therefore, a plurality of heat dissipation holes 7 are formed in the heat insulating material on the upper surface of the heat storage tank, and the radiant heat goes out through these heat dissipation holes. There is. A plurality of storage batteries 8 are collectively placed on a tray (not shown), and this tray is placed on the heat storage tank 1.
【０００８】この装置では、夜間、蓄電池８に充電する
ときに、電熱ヒータ３も通電し、発生した熱を蓄熱槽１
に貯める。この熱が放熱孔７から徐々に上に出て、蓄電
池８を暖める。実測データでは、充電完了後２０時間経
過後も蓄電池液温は１５℃以上を維持することができた
（外気温は約７℃）。In this apparatus, when the storage battery 8 is charged at night, the electric heater 3 is also energized, and the generated heat is stored in the heat storage tank 1.
To save. This heat gradually rises from the heat dissipation hole 7 and warms the storage battery 8. According to the actual measurement data, the storage battery liquid temperature could be maintained at 15 ° C. or higher even after 20 hours had elapsed after completion of charging (the outside air temperature was about 7 ° C.).
【０００９】さらに図１において、符号１０は車室の冷
暖房用の室内コイルであり、ファン１１を備えている。
符号１２は車両前部の駆動用直流電動機１３の直上に置
かれた室外コイルであり、室外コイルの上にはファン１
４が設けられている。このファン１４を運転すると、室
外コイル１２に電動機１３の排熱が導入され、または、
ダンパ（図示しない）を切り換えることにより、同図に
鎖線で示すように外部の空気が導入されるようになって
いる。これら３つのコイル（熱交換コイル４、室内コイ
ル１０、室外コイル１２）とこれらを相互に結ぶ配管は
冷媒で満たされており、配管には各コイルの間で熱の移
送を行なうためのヒートポンプＡが組み込まれている。
ヒートポンプは、２つの切替弁１５，１６、四方弁１
７、圧縮機１８、膨張弁１９からなっている。Further, in FIG. 1, reference numeral 10 is an indoor coil for cooling and heating the passenger compartment, which is provided with a fan 11.
Reference numeral 12 is an outdoor coil placed directly above the driving DC motor 13 at the front of the vehicle, and the fan 1 is placed on the outdoor coil.
4 are provided. When this fan 14 is operated, the exhaust heat of the electric motor 13 is introduced into the outdoor coil 12, or
By switching a damper (not shown), external air is introduced as shown by a chain line in the figure. The three coils (the heat exchange coil 4, the indoor coil 10, the outdoor coil 12) and the pipes that connect these coils to each other are filled with a refrigerant, and the pipes include a heat pump A for transferring heat between the coils. Is built in.
The heat pump has two switching valves 15 and 16 and a four-way valve 1.
7, a compressor 18, and an expansion valve 19.
【００１０】車両の走行開始時は、蓄熱槽１の熱を熱交
換コイル４で拾い、これをヒートポンプＡで室内コイル
１０に移送し、車室を暖房する。すなわち、圧縮機１８
で圧縮され高温になった冷媒ガスは四方弁１７を経て室
外コイル１０に送られ、ここで車室の空気を加熱し、自
らは冷却されて液化する。液体になった冷媒は膨張弁１
９を通して少しずつ熱交換コイル４に送り込まれる。熱
交換コイル４では蓄熱槽１の熱で冷媒が蒸発する。気体
になった冷媒は、切替弁１５、四方弁１７を通って圧縮
機１８に吸い込まれ、圧縮されて、再び室外コイル１０
に送られる。実測データでは、外気温−１０℃のとき、
起動後５分で車室は２０℃に上昇した。When the vehicle starts running, the heat of the heat storage tank 1 is picked up by the heat exchange coil 4 and transferred to the indoor coil 10 by the heat pump A to heat the passenger compartment. That is, the compressor 18
The refrigerant gas, which has been compressed by and has reached a high temperature, is sent to the outdoor coil 10 through the four-way valve 17, where it heats the air in the passenger compartment and is cooled and liquefied. The liquid refrigerant is the expansion valve 1
It is gradually sent to the heat exchange coil 4 through 9. In the heat exchange coil 4, the heat of the heat storage tank 1 evaporates the refrigerant. The gasified refrigerant is sucked into the compressor 18 through the switching valve 15 and the four-way valve 17, is compressed, and is again the outdoor coil 10
Sent to In the actual measurement data, when the outside temperature is -10 ° C,
Five minutes after starting, the temperature of the passenger compartment rose to 20 ° C.
【００１１】走行を開始して一定時間（例えば、２０
分）経ったときは、熱交換コイル４から室外コイル１２
に切り換えて暖房を行なう。室外コイル１２には駆動用
電動機１３の排熱が当るようにダンパを切り換える。こ
のとき冷媒は、圧縮機１８→四方弁１７→室内コイル１
０→膨張弁１９→切替弁１６→室外コイル１２→切替弁
１５→四方弁１７→圧縮機１８の順で循環する。A certain time (for example, 20
Min), the heat exchange coil 4 to the outdoor coil 12
Switch to and heat. The damper is switched so that the outdoor coil 12 is exposed to the exhaust heat of the drive motor 13. At this time, the refrigerant is the compressor 18 → the four-way valve 17 → the indoor coil 1
It circulates in the order of 0 → expansion valve 19 → switching valve 16 → outdoor coil 12 → switching valve 15 → four-way valve 17 → compressor 18.
【００１２】夏期には、ヒートポンプＡで室内コイル１
０から室外コイル１２に熱を運ぶようにして、車室の冷
房を行なう。室外コイル１２には外気が当るようにダン
パを切り換えておく。この使い方では、圧縮機１８で圧
縮されて高温になった冷媒ガスは四方弁１７、切替弁１
５を経て室外コイル１２に送られ、外気で冷却されて液
化する。液体になった冷媒は切替弁１６を通り、膨張弁
１９を介して少しずつ室内コイル１０に送り込まれる。
室内コイル１０で冷媒が蒸発し、熱を奪って車室を冷や
す。気体になった冷媒は、四方弁１７を通って圧縮機１
８に吸い込まれ、圧縮されて、再び室外コイル１２に送
られる。In the summer, the heat pump A heats the indoor coil 1
The vehicle interior is cooled by transferring heat from 0 to the outdoor coil 12. The damper is switched so that the outdoor coil 12 is exposed to the outside air. In this usage, the refrigerant gas that has been compressed by the compressor 18 and has reached a high temperature has the four-way valve 17 and the switching valve 1
It is sent to the outdoor coil 12 via 5 and cooled by the outside air to be liquefied. The liquid refrigerant passes through the switching valve 16 and is gradually fed into the indoor coil 10 via the expansion valve 19.
The refrigerant is evaporated in the indoor coil 10 to remove heat and cool the passenger compartment. The gasified refrigerant passes through the four-way valve 17 and the compressor 1
8 is sucked in, compressed, and sent to the outdoor coil 12 again.
【００１３】上述の実施例では、蓄電池８と蓄熱槽１を
同じ位置に置く必要があり、重心バランスを欠くことが
ある。図３の装置は、蓄電池と蓄熱槽を離して配置でき
るようにしたものである。蓄熱槽１内の熱は熱交換コイ
ル４に拾われ、ヒートポンプＡで、車両前部の温風ヒー
タ２１内の放熱コイル２２に運ばれ、温風をつくる。こ
の温風は、蓄電池８の周囲に導入され、蓄電池が暖めら
れる。また、温風は、車室暖房にも用いられる。その
他、同じ部材には図１と同じ符号が付してある。In the above-described embodiment, the storage battery 8 and the heat storage tank 1 need to be placed at the same position, which may result in lack of balance of the center of gravity. The apparatus of FIG. 3 is configured such that the storage battery and the heat storage tank can be arranged separately. The heat in the heat storage tank 1 is picked up by the heat exchange coil 4 and is transferred by the heat pump A to the heat radiating coil 22 in the warm air heater 21 at the front of the vehicle to generate warm air. This warm air is introduced around the storage battery 8 to warm the storage battery. The warm air is also used for heating the passenger compartment. In addition, the same members as those in FIG. 1 are denoted by the same reference numerals.
【００１４】[0014]
【発明の効果】以上説明したように、請求項１および２
の装置は、蓄電池の充電の際、電気ヒータに通電して蓄
熱槽に熱を蓄え、この熱で蓄電池を暖めることにより、
冬季低温下においても蓄電池性能が低下せず、また、蓄
熱槽に蓄えた熱を車内の暖房に使うようにしたので、蓄
電池にかかる負担が少なく、かつ、急速暖房が可能であ
る。As described above, according to the first and second aspects.
The device of, when charging the storage battery, energizes the electric heater to store heat in the heat storage tank, and by heating the storage battery with this heat,
The storage battery performance does not deteriorate even under low temperatures in winter, and the heat stored in the heat storage tank is used for heating the interior of the vehicle, so the load on the storage battery is small and rapid heating is possible.
【００１５】特に請求項１の装置は、蓄熱槽の上面を放
熱面に形成し、その上に蓄電池を置いて暖めるようにし
たので、構造が極めてシンプルであり、信頼性が高い。
請求項２の装置は、蓄熱槽の熱で、いったん温風をつく
り、これで蓄電池を暖めるようにしたので、蓄熱槽と蓄
電池を離して配置することが可能である。Particularly, in the apparatus of claim 1, the upper surface of the heat storage tank is formed as a heat radiating surface, and the storage battery is placed on the heat radiating surface to heat it. Therefore, the structure is extremely simple and highly reliable.
In the apparatus according to the second aspect, the heat of the heat storage tank is used to generate hot air once to heat the storage battery, so that the heat storage tank and the storage battery can be arranged separately.
【図１】電気自動車の蓄熱装置の全体構成図である。FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of a heat storage device of an electric vehicle.
【図２】蓄熱槽の一部断面図である。FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of a heat storage tank.
【図３】電気自動車の蓄熱装置の変形例を示す部分構成
図である。FIG. 3 is a partial configuration diagram showing a modified example of the heat storage device of the electric vehicle.
Ａ ヒートポンプ １ 潜熱蓄熱槽 ３ 電熱ヒータ ４ 熱交換コイル ７ 放熱孔 ８ 蓄電池 １０ 室内コイル １２ 室外コイル ２１ 温風ヒータ ２２ 放熱コイル A heat pump 1 latent heat storage tank 3 electric heater 4 heat exchange coil 7 heat dissipation coil 8 storage battery 10 indoor coil 12 outdoor coil 21 warm air heater 22 heat dissipation coil
───────────────────────────────────────────────────── フロントページの続き (72)発明者 三浦 幹夫 宮城県仙台市青葉区中山七丁目２番１号 東北電力株式会社応用技術研究所内 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Mikio Miura 7-2-1, Nakayama, Aoba-ku, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture Tohoku Electric Power Co., Inc.
Claims (2)
れた駆動用蓄電池（８）を加熱すべく上面を放熱面とし
た潜熱蓄熱槽（１）と、該蓄熱槽内部に設けられた熱交
換コイル（４）と、車室を加熱するための室内コイル
（１０）と、該熱交換コイルから該室内コイルに冷媒を
介して熱を移送するヒートポンプ（Ａ）からなる電気自
動車用蓄電池加温並びに急速暖房システム。1. A latent heat storage tank (1) having an upper surface as a heat radiating surface for storing heat of an electric heater (3) and heating a drive storage battery (8) placed thereon, and provided inside the heat storage tank. For an electric vehicle comprising a heat exchange coil (4), an indoor coil (10) for heating a passenger compartment, and a heat pump (A) for transferring heat from the heat exchange coil to the indoor coil via a refrigerant. Storage battery heating and rapid heating system.
（１）と、該蓄熱槽内部に設けられた熱交換コイル
（４）と、駆動用蓄電池（８）の周りおよび車室内に温
風を供給する温風ヒータ（２１）と、該温風ヒータの中
に組み込まれた放熱コイル（２２）と、該熱交換コイル
から該放熱コイルに冷媒を介して熱を移送するヒートポ
ンプ（Ａ）からなる電気自動車用蓄電池加温並びに急速
暖房システム。2. A latent heat storage tank (1) for storing heat of an electric heater, a heat exchange coil (4) provided inside the heat storage tank, hot air around a drive storage battery (8) and in a vehicle compartment. It comprises a warm air heater (21) for supplying, a heat radiation coil (22) incorporated in the warm air heater, and a heat pump (A) for transferring heat from the heat exchange coil to the heat radiation coil via a refrigerant. Storage battery heating and rapid heating system for electric vehicles.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3315429A JP2518756B2 (en) | 1991-11-02 | 1991-11-02 | Storage battery heating and rapid heating system for electric vehicles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3315429A JP2518756B2 (en) | 1991-11-02 | 1991-11-02 | Storage battery heating and rapid heating system for electric vehicles |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPH05124443A JPH05124443A (en) | 1993-05-21 |
| JP2518756B2 true JP2518756B2 (en) | 1996-07-31 |
Family
ID=18065272
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP3315429A Expired - Lifetime JP2518756B2 (en) | 1991-11-02 | 1991-11-02 | Storage battery heating and rapid heating system for electric vehicles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP2518756B2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6455186B1 (en) * | 1998-03-05 | 2002-09-24 | Black & Decker Inc. | Battery cooling system |
| JP2011175911A (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-09-08 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Battery cooling/heating structure and battery module |
| JP2012156083A (en) * | 2011-01-28 | 2012-08-16 | Kojima Press Industry Co Ltd | In-vehicle power reception device |
| FR2979885B1 (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-10-04 | Hutchinson | BODY STRUCTURE OF AN ELECTRIC OR HYBRID MOTOR VEHICLE, THIS VEHICLE AND A METHOD OF CHECKING / MODIFYING THE TEMPERATURE OF ITS HABITACLE. |
| JP6028756B2 (en) | 2014-03-19 | 2016-11-16 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Battery temperature control device |
| CN103991355B (en) * | 2014-04-27 | 2016-01-20 | 陆俊 | For the partition-type infrared heating device in car |
| EP4187187A4 (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2023-11-22 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Heat storage apparatus, heat exchange apparatus, control method, control component and thermal management system |
| CN113771699B (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2023-07-18 | 大连理工大学 | Two-phase immersed liquid cooling electric automobile cold start system based on vortex heating |
-
1991
- 1991-11-02 JP JP3315429A patent/JP2518756B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPH05124443A (en) | 1993-05-21 |
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