JP2504888B2 - Method for producing easily soluble gelatin - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for producing easily soluble gelatin, and more particularly to a method for producing gelatin having improved solubility in water or warm water.

[0002]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Gelatin is obtained by partially hydrolyzing collagen contained in connective tissues such as animal skin, bone and tendon, and is usually obtained as powdery or granular gelatin. Is being supplied. Gelatin is used in various fields such as photography, food, medicine, cosmetics and chemical products.

In the case of using gelatin, generally, the above-mentioned powdery gelatin is sufficiently swollen with room temperature water and then heated to about 60 ° C. to dissolve the gelatin in water. After being made into a solution or sol, it is mixed with other materials or various treatments are performed. In some cases, powdery gelatin is directly dissolved in warm water. Gelatin that is dissolved by heating causes gelation, which is solidified in a jelly state, when the temperature is lowered to room temperature or lower. In this way, gelatin can be easily handled in a dissolved state and has a gelling ability to harden in a jelly state,
The desired function can be exhibited in each application.

As can be seen from the above description, regardless of the intended use of gelatin, it is necessary to once dissolve powdery gelatin to form a zecitin solution. Therefore, it is desired that the gelatin powder has good workability in dissolution and a high dissolution rate. Gelatin particles can be dissolved quickly in water or warm water by gelatin particles.
And, it occurs only when it is uniformly wet and dispersed. Therefore, the dissolution time when gelatin is dissolved in water or warm water largely depends on the particle size of gelatin, and the finer the gelatin particles, the shorter the dissolution time. However, when gelatin particles become fine powder,
It is difficult to uniformly wet in water, and it becomes easy to form so-called mamako, so that it takes time to dissolve it. Also,
Finely divided gelatin is used in the manufacturing process or handling process.
There is also concern about dust pollution.

Therefore, various methods for improving the solubility of gelatin have been proposed, for example, the following methods. A method in which sugar and other sugars are mixed with gelatin for granulation. It is considered that the solubility of gelatin particles is improved because it contains a saccharide having excellent solubility or wettability.

A method using a 42-mesh acid-treated gelatin having a pH of 4.8 or higher. It is considered that the solubility is improved by adjusting the pH and the particle size. A method of high-frequency induction heating treatment of gelatin having a water content of 10% or more. It is considered that the solubility is improved by modifying the gelatin by high frequency induction heating.

A method in which gelatin powder is fluidized by hot air, sprayed with water, and then granulated. It is considered that the surface of the gelatin particles is modified by hot air treatment and the attachment of spray water to improve the solubility. A method of granulating by spraying a gelatin solution having excellent solubility on a gelatin powder in a fluid state. It is considered that the solubility of gelatin particles is improved by forming a gelatin layer having excellent solubility on the surface.

A method of freeze-drying a low concentration of gelatin. It is considered that the solubility is improved because it solidifies by drying with a gap between the gelatin tissues.

[0009]

However, all of the conventional methods for improving the solubility of gelatin as described above have problems and are unsatisfactory for industrial application. For example, in the method of (1), since sugars are used, the intended use of gelatin is limited. It cannot be used in applications where the presence of sugar is disliked. In the method (1), the solubility of gelatin itself is not improved only by adjusting the pH and the particle size, and therefore the solubility cannot be significantly improved. The other method requires complicated treatment steps such as high-frequency induction heating treatment and freeze-drying treatment, which complicates the manufacturing process and is uneconomical for industrial production. The methods (1) and (2) are uneconomical since the gelatin powder is once produced and then the surface of the gelatin powder is treated, which complicates the production process.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned drawbacks of the conventional method and to greatly improve the solubility of gelatin, and at the same time, the work can be performed easily and economically, and the solubility is suitable for industrial production. It is to provide a method for producing gelatin.

[0011]

The method for producing easily soluble gelatin according to the present invention, which solves the above-mentioned problems, comprises a gelatin having a high gelling ability, and a gelatin degrading which has a molecular weight smaller than that of gelatin and does not have the gelling ability. The mixed gelatin aqueous solution in which the product and the product are uniformly mixed is dried and pulverized.

As the gelatin having a high gelling ability, the ordinary gelatin which has been generally used in the past can be used as it is, but it is preferable to use the gelatin having a relatively high gelling ability. Gelatin is obtained by extracting by a conventional method from the bones or skins that make up the connective tissue of animals. More specifically, the bone or skin raw material from which gelatin is extracted is subjected to alkali treatment by lime pickling or acid treatment such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid as a pretreatment, and then 50 to 70
Gelatin can be obtained by hot water extraction at about ℃. The raw material of gelatin and the processing method are not limited to the above-mentioned methods, and the conditions adopted in ordinary gelatin production can be freely applied. Gelatin has various gelling abilities, and gelatin having an appropriate gelling ability may be used depending on the final use and required performance. In the present invention, it is preferable that the gelling ability of gelatin is high and the jelly strength is 200 bloom or more. Those having a low jelly strength have a low gelling ability and cannot sufficiently exhibit the function as gelatin. In this invention, the addition of a gelatin decomposition product tends to cause some deterioration in physical properties such as jelly strength. Therefore, when used in applications requiring these physical properties, as a gelatin with high gelling ability, It is preferable to use one having the highest possible physical properties.

The gelatin decomposition product having no gelling ability is produced by using the same raw material as the above-mentioned gelatin having a high gelling ability or the above gelatin itself. The following method can be applied to the manufacturing method. Thermal decomposition method: Thermal decomposition at a temperature of 100 ° C. or more. Acid decomposition method: The pH is lowered by using a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid, and then decomposition is performed at 70 ° C. or higher for several hours.

Alkaline decomposition method: Using an alkaline agent such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, or ammonia, decomposition treatment is carried out at pH 10 or higher at 80 ° C. for several hours. Enzymatic degradation method: 40-70 using a protease.
Decompose at ℃ for several hours.

Further, a pressure decomposition method in which a high pressure is applied for decomposition can be applied. A gelatin decomposition product is obtained by using any one of the above processing methods or a plurality of the methods in combination. The gelatin decomposition product has a smaller molecular weight than gelatin having a high gelling ability,
The weight average molecular weight (Mw) is preferably in the range of 1,000 to 30,000, and more preferably in the range of 5,000 to 20,000. If the molecular weight of the gelatin decomposition product is too high,
It exhibits gelling ability and cannot exert the effect of improving the solubility of gelatin. If the molecular weight of the gelatin decomposition product is too small,
The produced gelatin has inferior jelly strength and gelling ability. The molecular weight of the gelatin decomposition product can be adjusted according to the processing conditions of the decomposition treatment. The gelatin decomposition product is used after being subjected to filtration and purification treatment after the decomposition treatment. The obtained gelatin decomposition product has a viscosity of 15 mp or less (JIS-K6503) and dissolves in water at room temperature without swelling. It does not solidify into a jelly even if left as it is and has a gelling ability. It will not have.

The gelatin having a high gelling ability and the gelatin decomposition product having no gelling ability obtained as described above are
Make a high-concentration, uniformly mixed aqueous gelatin solution. Gelatin and a gelatin degradation product are obtained in a solution state in the above-mentioned production process, and therefore, after concentrating such a gelatin solution and a gelatin degradation product solution to a high concentration,
The desired mixed gelatin aqueous solution can be obtained by mixing uniformly or concentrating after mixing. In particular,
The method according to claim 1, wherein gelatin having a high gelling ability is used.
20 to 40% by weight aqueous solution of gelatin decomposition product 20
A 50% by weight aqueous solution may be uniformly mixed so that the dry weight ratio of the gelatin decomposition product to gelatin having a high gelling ability is 2 to 40% by weight. As for the mixing ratio of gelatin having a high gelling ability and gelatin decomposition product having no gelation ability, if the ratio of the gelatin decomposition product is too small, the effect of improving the solubility cannot be exhibited, and the ratio of the gelatin decomposition product is high. If it is too much, the physical properties required for gelatin such as jelly strength are deteriorated, so the above range is preferable. If the concentration of the mixed gelatin aqueous solution is too low, the solubility will be poor, and if the concentration is too high, uniform mixing and handling will be difficult.

The aqueous solution of mixed gelatin is dried and then finely pulverized using an ordinary crushing device to obtain the easily soluble gelatin of the present invention. At this time, it is preferable to dry the mixed gelatin aqueous solution until the water content becomes 16.0% or less, and then perform the pulverization treatment. The drying is more preferably performed until the water content becomes about 6.5 to 16%. If the water content before pulverization treatment such as pulverization is too high, the solubility of the easily soluble gelatin obtained will be poor. The same conditions as in the case of ordinary gelatin production can be applied to the drying method and apparatus, the pulverizer, and the pulverization conditions. For pulverization, the gelatin particle size is 0.6 mm or less, preferably 0.2 to
It is preferable to perform the process to the extent that the range is 0.35 mm.
If the gelatin particle size is too large, the solubility will be poor, and if the gelatin particle size is too small, it will take time and effort for production and the above-mentioned problems such as dust pollution will occur.

The easily soluble gelatin thus obtained can be used in various applications as described above, like ordinary gelatin.

[0019]

In the present invention, gelatin having a high gelling ability and a gelatin decomposition product having a small molecular weight and having no gelling ability,
A mixed gelatin aqueous solution in a state of high concentration and uniform mixing,
Since it is dried and pulverized to produce easily soluble Zetilan, the produced gelatin particles of the easily soluble gelatin have small molecules of the gelatin decomposition product between the large molecular structure or network structure of gelatin having high gelling ability. It will be in a state of being evenly distributed and arranged. As described above, since the gelatin decomposition product is evenly dispersed and present throughout the entire interior of the gelatin particles, it is possible to improve the wettability of the whole gelatin particles and improve the solubility. The reason is considered as follows.

The solubility of gelatin depends on the wetting and dispersibility of gelatin particles. Here, "wetting" is a physical phenomenon in which a liquid pushes a gas from a solid surface, and is determined by a contact angle between the solid surface and the liquid. The contact angle depends on surface properties such as unevenness of the solid surface, and the smaller the contact angle, the easier the wetting. Specifically, the wettability changes due to factors such as the swelling property of gelatin and the shape of crushed gelatin particles. Further, the low molecular weight component contained in gelatin and the concentration when dried are important factors for the swelling property.

The gelatin particles, which have a high gelling ability and a gelatin decomposition product having a small molecular weight and no gelling ability, are uniformly dispersed in the gelatin particles, whereby the gelatin particles are easily wetted and swollen. Sex declines,
The dispersibility is improved. This is, as mentioned above,
In the gelatin particles of easily soluble gelatin, the gelatin decomposition product is dispersed and arranged in the gelatin structure, so that the intermolecular distance of gelatin is widened by the gelatin decomposition product. When water or warm water is added to this, the gelatin decomposition product easily dissolves in water or warm water, so that water or warm water easily penetrates between the molecular structures of gelatin and can be rapidly dispersed throughout the gelatin particles. , Each gelatin molecule becomes wet easily. As a result, the solubility of the whole gelatin particles is increased.

Further, when the easily-dissolved gelatin is produced, when the mixed gelatin aqueous solution is dried at a high concentration, easily-dissolved gelatin having excellent solubility can be obtained. The reason is considered as follows. . When the mixed gelatin aqueous solution is dried in a low concentration state, the network structure formed by gelatinization of gelatin becomes rough, so that the gelatin molecules are likely to expand and water easily enters between the gelatin molecules. Therefore, the swelling property of gelatin increases. However, in this swollen state, the solubility of gelatin is not good because the wetting of gelatin molecules becomes poor. On the other hand, when a high-concentration mixed gelatin aqueous solution is dried, a low-molecular weight gelatin decomposition product is uniformly mixed and dispersed between high-molecular weight gelatin molecules having high gelling ability. It is considered that, by heating and ventilating, the movement of water between gelatin molecules becomes large and the drying is carried out rapidly, resulting in an improvement in solubility.

Further, in the pulverization treatment after drying, high molecular weight gelatin having a high gelling ability is easily mechanically heated.
Therefore, the molecules on the surface of the gelatin particles are cross-linked and insolubilized. This causes deterioration of the solubility of gelatin. However, as in the present invention, if a low molecular weight gelatin decomposition product is added, the gelatin decomposition product is unlikely to cause insolubilization by heating, and it is possible to prevent high molecular weight gelatin having a high gelling ability from being modified by heat. it can. As a result, the solubility can be improved.

[0024]

Example A gelatin solution having a high gelling ability was obtained from alkali-treated ossein by a conventional extraction method. The gelatin solution was filtered and purified, and then concentrated to a gelatin concentration of 30%. Gelatin obtained by the same method as above was decomposed with a proteolytic enzyme, filtered and purified to obtain a gelatin decomposed product solution having no gelling ability. This gelatin decomposition product solution was also concentrated to a concentration of 30%.

In each case, a highly concentrated gelatin solution and a gelatin decomposition product solution were mixed at various ratios to prepare a mixed gelatin solution. The obtained mixed gelatin solution,
After drying with warm air, it was pulverized with a pulverizer to obtain a finely powdered, easily soluble gelatin passing through 80 mesh. The viscosity, jelly strength, wettability, dispersibility and solubility of the easily soluble gelatin were measured. Each measurement item was measured by the following method.

<Solubility> 3 g of gelatin powder prepared to 42 to 60 mesh (particle size 0.355 to 0.21 mm) was put into 97 ml of warm water at 60 ° C. and stirred at 550 rpm to obtain gelatin. The time until the particles were completely dissolved was measured. <Wettability and dispersibility> 1 g of gelatin powder prepared in a size of 32-42 mesh (particle size 0.5-0.355 mm)
It was put into water at 25 ° C., stirred at 100 rpm, and the time until the gelatin particles became wet was measured as “wet”. Also, the time required for the gelatin particles to disperse after being added to water was measured as "dispersibility".

<Swellability> 32-42 mesh (particle size 0.
5 to 0.355 mm) gelatin powder 3 g is weighed in a 200 ml cylinder, and 170 ml of purified water at 25 ° C. is added,
After gently stirring to sink the suspended particles, the swelling volume was measured over time. <Jelly strength> It was measured according to JIS-K6503.

The results of the above tests are shown in Tables 1 to 3
Is shown in. In each table, as the raw material gelatin, those having different jelly strengths were used. In the table, the addition amount of the gelatin decomposition product was calculated by calculating the addition ratio of the gelatin decomposition product to the gelatin having gelling ability in terms of dry weight from the mixing ratio of the gelatin solution and the gelatin decomposition product solution.

[0029]

[Table 1] ────────────────────────────────── Gelatin degradation product Viscosity Jelly strength Wetting Dispersibility Dissolution Additive amount% mp g sec sec sec ────────────────────────────────── Comparative example 1.10 63 213 12 66 135 Example 1.1 2 62 209 11 65 133 Example 1.2 5 57 57 195 7 58 127 Example 1.3 10 52 176 5 45 109 Example 1.4 15 46 158 4 38 96 Example 1.5 20 40 130 130 4 33 82 Example 1.6 30 31 121 4 25 55 Example 1.7 40 40 20 105 3 15 30 30 ───────────────────────────────────

[0030]

[Table 2] ────────────────────────────────── Gelatin decomposition product Viscosity Jelly strength Wetting Dispersibility Dissolution Additive amount% mp g sec sec sec ────────────────────────────────── Comparative Example 2.10 32 307 8 68 70 Example 2.1 2 32 298 8 65 65 68 Example 2.2 5 30 277 7 63 58 Example 2.3 10 29 29 250 4 57 54 Example 2.4 15 27 225 4 51 52 52 Example 2.5 20 25 2003 3 45 48 ─── ───────────────────────────────

[0031]

[Table 3] ────────────────────────────────── Gelatin degradation product Viscosity Jelly strength Wetting Dispersibility Dissolution Additive amount% mp g sec sec sec ────────────────────────────────── Comparative example 3.10 31 33 36 5 112 82 Example 3.1 2 31 328 5 108 108 73 Example 3.2 5 5 30 309 4 101 66 Example 3.3 10 28 28 280 4 98 54 Example 3.4 15 27 25 55 3 85 48 Example 3.5 20 25 223 3 71 41 41 ─────────────────────────────── As a result of the above, each Example of this invention is It can be seen that the dispersion is faster and the dissolution is quicker than that of the comparative example. Further, it can be seen that, compared with the effect of improving dispersibility and solubility, there is little decrease in viscosity and jelly strength, and the functions and physical properties required for gelatin are sufficiently practical.

It should be noted that, when the added amount of the divided gelatin is large, it can be dissolved in normal temperature water, and
It can also exhibit gelling ability. Therefore, the following tests were conducted using the easily soluble gelatin of Examples 1.1 to 1.7. <Jellification power> 42-60 mesh (particle size 0.355-
Gelatin powder (0.21 mm) was added to water at 25 ° C. under the concentration condition (6.67%) of JIS-K6503, and 55
After stirring at 0 rpm for 60 minutes, the mixture was cooled to 10 ° C. The jelly strength in this state was measured as the jellification power.

Table 4 shows the test results.

[0034]

[Table 4] ────────────────────────── Gelatin decomposition product Jelly-forming power Addition amount% g ────────── ──────────────── Example 4.1 (Example 1.7) 40 66 Example 4.2 (Example 1.6) 30 80 Example 4.3 (Example 1.5) 20 − ──── ────────────────────── () The easily soluble gelatin used in the parentheses: Does not dissolve in water at 25 ° C.

As a result of the above-mentioned test, it was found that when the amount of the gelatin decomposition product added was increased, it was dissolved in normal temperature water, and when it was cooled to a low temperature, the gelling ability could be exhibited. When the amount of the gelatin decomposition product added was 20% or less, it was not dissolved in normal temperature water, so the jellification test was not conducted.
Further, the gelatin decomposition product alone does not cause gelation even when cooled to a low temperature.

[0036]

EFFECT OF THE INVENTION According to the method for producing easily soluble gelatin according to the present invention described above, a highly concentrated aqueous solution of gelatin in which the divided gelatin is uniformly mixed is dried and pulverized, It is possible to obtain an easily soluble gelatin which is far more soluble than conventional gelatin powders.

In the method of the present invention, no special processing step or processing apparatus is required and no substance other than gelatin is used.
It is easy to manufacture, the manufacturing cost is low, and it can be used without any problems in applications where the existence of substances other than gelatin is disliked, such as various foods, pharmaceuticals, and photographs. The easily soluble gelatin obtained by the method of the present invention can sufficiently exhibit gelatin functions such as gelling ability and jelly strength, so that it is suitable for various uses in which conventional gelatin has been used. Can be used for

Since the easily soluble gelatin having excellent solubility requires only a short dissolution time, it can improve the production efficiency or production workability of various products and contribute to the reduction of product cost.

 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (56) Reference JP-A-4-242250 (JP, A) JP-A-3-4751 (JP, A) JP-A1-245074 (JP, A) JP-B 7- 89878 (JP, B2) Special Table 3-501686 (JP, A)

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A gelatin aqueous solution in which gelatin having a high gelling ability and a gelatin decomposition product having a molecular weight smaller than that of the gelatin and having no gelling ability are uniformly mixed at a high concentration is dried and pulverized. A method for producing easily soluble gelatin, which comprises: 2. The method for producing an easily soluble gelatin according to claim 1, wherein jelly having a jelly strength of 200 bloom or more is used as the gelatin having a high gelling ability. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein a 20 to 50% by weight aqueous solution of gelatin having a high gelling ability is dissolved in a 20 to 50% by weight aqueous solution of a gelatin degradation product, and a gelatin degradation is performed on gelatin having a high gelling ability. The dry weight ratio of the product is 2 to
A method for producing a highly soluble gelatin, in which 40% by weight is uniformly mixed to obtain a mixed gelatin aqueous solution.