JP2024546014A - 動作温度及び動作圧力を能動的且つ動的に管理する超高性能バッテリモジュール - Google Patents
動作温度及び動作圧力を能動的且つ動的に管理する超高性能バッテリモジュール Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2024546014A JP2024546014A JP2024527344A JP2024527344A JP2024546014A JP 2024546014 A JP2024546014 A JP 2024546014A JP 2024527344 A JP2024527344 A JP 2024527344A JP 2024527344 A JP2024527344 A JP 2024527344A JP 2024546014 A JP2024546014 A JP 2024546014A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heat transfer
- pressure
- transfer fluid
- temperature
- battery module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
- H01M10/633—Control systems characterised by algorithms, flow charts, software details or the like
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M10/4257—Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/284—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with incorporated circuit boards, e.g. printed circuit boards [PCB]
- H01M50/287—Fixing of circuit boards to lids or covers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/609—Arrangements or processes for filling with liquid, e.g. electrolytes
- H01M50/618—Pressure control
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/673—Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/60—Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
- H01M50/691—Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings; Cleaning battery or cell casings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA3139110A CA3139110A1 (fr) | 2021-11-10 | 2021-11-10 | Module de batterie ultra performant avec gestion active et dynamique de pression et de temperature d'operation |
| CA3139110 | 2021-11-10 | ||
| PCT/CA2022/051538 WO2023081993A1 (fr) | 2021-11-10 | 2022-10-19 | Module de batterie ultra performant avec gestion active et dynamique de pression et de température d'opération |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2024546014A true JP2024546014A (ja) | 2024-12-17 |
| JP2024546014A5 JP2024546014A5 (https=) | 2025-10-16 |
Family
ID=86282181
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024527344A Pending JP2024546014A (ja) | 2021-11-10 | 2022-10-19 | 動作温度及び動作圧力を能動的且つ動的に管理する超高性能バッテリモジュール |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250007031A1 (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP4430695A4 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JP2024546014A (https=) |
| KR (1) | KR20240091328A (https=) |
| CN (1) | CN118302900A (https=) |
| CA (2) | CA3139110A1 (https=) |
| WO (1) | WO2023081993A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4513632A1 (en) * | 2023-08-25 | 2025-02-26 | Rimac Technology LLC | Battery system |
| EP4632871A1 (fr) * | 2024-04-11 | 2025-10-15 | Automotive Cells Company SE | Dispositif de batterie à cellules immergées dans un liquide de refroidissement |
| FR3162920A1 (fr) * | 2024-05-28 | 2025-12-05 | Verkor | Module pour véhicule électrique |
| CN118539025B (zh) * | 2024-07-29 | 2024-10-22 | 卧龙电气驱动集团股份有限公司 | 一种方形钠离子电池模组的动态压力调整系统 |
| EP4730458A1 (en) * | 2024-10-20 | 2026-04-22 | Inventiatech | A battery control system |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US9306252B2 (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2016-04-05 | Nucleus Scientific, Inc. | Dynamic pressure control in a battery assembly |
| US9553346B2 (en) | 2013-02-09 | 2017-01-24 | Quantumscape Corporation | Battery system with selective thermal management |
| CN204558623U (zh) * | 2015-03-16 | 2015-08-12 | 金龙联合汽车工业(苏州)有限公司 | 一种电动车辆电池箱温度调节装置 |
| US9960458B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2018-05-01 | Quantumscape Corporation | Battery systems having multiple independently controlled sets of battery cells |
| US20170088007A1 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | Atieva, Inc. | External Auxiliary Thermal Management System for an Electric Vehicle |
| WO2019017994A1 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-24 | Quantumscape Corporation | ACTIVE AND PASSIVE BATTERY PRESSURE MANAGEMENT |
| EP3499634A1 (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-06-19 | Mahle International GmbH | Battery thermal management system for a vehicle |
| DE102018203050A1 (de) | 2018-03-01 | 2019-09-05 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ausgleichselement für eine Batteriezelle und ein Batteriemodul |
| US11515586B2 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2022-11-29 | Chargepoint, Inc. | Electric vehicle charging system |
| ES2745350B2 (es) | 2018-08-28 | 2021-11-16 | Torres Martinez M | Bateria electroquimica presurizada y proceso de fabricacion de la misma |
| FR3085547B1 (fr) * | 2018-09-04 | 2023-09-22 | Exoes | Module electrique comprenant une pluralite de cellules de batteries immergees dans un fluide dielectrique |
| EP3654442A1 (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2020-05-20 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Methods of identifying an overheating event in a battery cell single-phase immersion cooling system |
| US20200259232A1 (en) | 2019-02-13 | 2020-08-13 | Ec Power, Llc | Stable battery with high performance on demand |
| DE102019107191A1 (de) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Wärmesystem für ein Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeug, Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeug, Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Wärmesystems |
| CN110380152B (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-10-23 | 浙江零跑科技有限公司 | 一种电池热管理模块及其控制方法 |
| DE102019211729A1 (de) | 2019-08-05 | 2021-02-11 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Fahrzeugbatteriemodul, Fahrzeug und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fahrzeugbatteriemoduls |
| CN112886093A (zh) * | 2021-01-14 | 2021-06-01 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种主动控制型全浸没式液冷动力电池热管理系统 |
-
2021
- 2021-11-10 CA CA3139110A patent/CA3139110A1/fr active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-10-19 KR KR1020247018536A patent/KR20240091328A/ko active Pending
- 2022-10-19 US US18/708,877 patent/US20250007031A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-19 EP EP22891231.7A patent/EP4430695A4/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-19 CA CA3236470A patent/CA3236470A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-19 CN CN202280074553.4A patent/CN118302900A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-19 JP JP2024527344A patent/JP2024546014A/ja active Pending
- 2022-10-19 WO PCT/CA2022/051538 patent/WO2023081993A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023081993A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
| US20250007031A1 (en) | 2025-01-02 |
| EP4430695A1 (fr) | 2024-09-18 |
| CA3236470A1 (fr) | 2023-05-19 |
| CA3139110A1 (fr) | 2023-05-10 |
| EP4430695A4 (fr) | 2025-09-03 |
| KR20240091328A (ko) | 2024-06-21 |
| CN118302900A (zh) | 2024-07-05 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP2024546014A (ja) | 動作温度及び動作圧力を能動的且つ動的に管理する超高性能バッテリモジュール | |
| US12237477B2 (en) | State of charge dependent plating estimation and prevention | |
| US20230130832A1 (en) | Hot charging systems and methods | |
| CN112652839B (zh) | 电池温度的基于物理学的控制 | |
| EP2577783B1 (en) | Fuel cell system and control method therefor | |
| EP2870013B1 (en) | System and method for controlling operation of a metal-air battery | |
| EP2518815B1 (en) | Battery system and method for increasing an operational life of a battery cell | |
| CN105324907B (zh) | 用于控制能量存储系统的方法 | |
| EP3723157A1 (en) | Secondary battery | |
| US20150311572A1 (en) | Apparatus for controlling temperature of battery | |
| CN103999263B (zh) | 用于锂电池单元的电解液计量装置 | |
| CN103963659B (zh) | 电池目标温度方法和系统 | |
| CN102308427A (zh) | 用于管理电池中的热量的方法 | |
| CN109271700B (zh) | 基于深度学习多层网络建模的电池热管理方法及系统 | |
| JP2023525821A5 (https=) | ||
| KR20110118796A (ko) | 전기 배터리 내의 열을 관리하기 위한 방법 | |
| US11721849B2 (en) | Method for diagnosis of a temperature control means of a battery pack | |
| EP4510301A1 (en) | Energy storage system thermal management method and energy storage system | |
| US20230420764A1 (en) | All-solid-state battery system provided with pressurizing device | |
| CN113555625A (zh) | 动力电池加热系统及其加热方法 | |
| Tao et al. | Cooling air temperature and mass flow rate control for hybrid electric vehicle battery thermal management | |
| US20230246309A1 (en) | Methods and Apparatus for a Battery and Regulating the Temperature of Batteries | |
| WO2017001909A1 (en) | Freeze start-up method for fuel cell system | |
| Kras et al. | Thermal management of lithium polymer based battery pack for urban BEV | |
| KR20240168727A (ko) | 전기자동차의 배터리 관리 장치 및 그 방법 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A521 | Request for written amendment filed |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523 Effective date: 20251007 |
|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20251007 |