JP2024074727A - Drainage structure, construction method for drainage structure, and building - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To provide an optimal number and installation locations of drainage stacks for buildings with different specifications, including the number of private areas partitioned by floors.
[Solution] For a building including at least two sets of floors with different numbers of partitioned private areas, each of the floors including a common area Sa adjacent to the private area, and the lower floor L having the greatest number of private areas including three or more adjacent private areas, the building is provided with a drainage standpipe 1 installed in the vertical direction of the building and a siphon drainpipe 2 connecting the private areas and the drainage standpipe 1, and the drainage standpipe 1 penetrates all floors based on a meter box Sa1 located at a position approximately halfway between the three or more private areas in the common area Sa.
[Selected Figure] Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a drainage structure that treats wastewater from each dwelling unit in, for example, an apartment building, a construction method for this drainage structure, and a building that is equipped with this drainage structure or that employs this construction method for this drainage structure.

The drainage structure of each residence in a typical apartment building is equipped with a drainage standpipe that runs vertically through each floor, and a horizontal pipe that connects the drainage standpipe to plumbing such as the kitchen. The drainage standpipe is located in the private area of each floor, which includes the residence, or in the common area, which is equivalent to the outside of the private area, such as the meter box or pipe space. The horizontal pipe is located on the floor slab that makes up each floor, and depending on the arrangement of the drainage standpipe, it is located from the private area to the common area.

For example, in the case of an apartment building with a few large dwelling units on the upper floors and many small dwelling units on the lower floors, as in Patent Document 1, common corridors and elevators are located in the approximate center of each floor, with facilities such as water supply and drainage and power distribution arranged around them, and facility piping, including the drainage system, is either laid from the upper floors to the lower floors or laid separately only on the lower floors.

The drainage structure (siphon drainage system) disclosed in Patent Document 2 consists of a drainage vertical pipe, a horizontal pipe, and a junction with a head of 50 cm or more. The horizontal pipe is connected to the junction without merging with other horizontal pipes, and the water in the horizontal pipe is drained by the siphon force generated by the head of the water.

Publication No. 60-223575 JP 2000-297447 A

When installing a drainage standpipe in a private area, the specifications of the area, number, arrangement, and layout of the dwelling units on the upper and lower floors must be the same or similar. In other words, if the above specifications of the upper and lower floors are not the same or similar, a drainage standpipe cannot be installed in the private area, and installing a drainage standpipe in the private area may restrict the above specifications of the upper and lower floors.

On the other hand, when installing a drainage standpipe in a common area, in order to prevent a decrease in drainage efficiency due to the drainage standpipe being far away from the plumbing, a drainage slope is provided on the horizontal pipe leading to the drainage standpipe. This increases the height under the floor, which is equivalent to the height from the floor slab to the floor material in a double floor. This results in a relatively low ceiling height, and as a result, the floor height must be increased to avoid this, which may result in higher construction costs.

Even if the drainage standpipe is in a private area, if it is formed in separate locations for the upper and lower floors as in Patent Document 1, the above specifications for the upper and lower floors are not restricted, but the number of drainage standpipes and their installation locations increase, which may reduce construction efficiency and increase management burdens. Furthermore, even if the drainage standpipe in Patent Document 1 is in a common area, there is no mention or suggestion of resolving the issue of the drainage slope of the horizontal pipe mentioned above, and furthermore, there is no mention or suggestion of adopting the drainage structure of Patent Document 2 in Patent Document 1 to resolve the issue of the drainage slope.

In other words, the inventors have come to the conclusion that if a siphon drainage system like that in Patent Document 2 is adopted for a building in which the above-mentioned specifications differ between the upper and lower floors, not only can the issue of the drainage slope of the horizontal pipes mentioned above be resolved, but it is also possible to optimize the number and installation locations of the drainage standpipes.

The object of the present invention is to provide a drainage structure that provides the optimal number and installation location of drainage standpipes for buildings with different specifications, including the number of private areas partitioned by floors, a construction method for this drainage structure, and a building that is equipped with this drainage structure or that employs this construction method for this drainage structure.

In other words, the drainage structure of the present invention is characterized in that for a building that includes at least two or more sets of floors with different numbers of partitioned private areas, each of the floors includes a common area adjacent to the private area, and the floor with the greatest number of private areas includes three or more adjacent private areas, the drainage structure is provided with a drainage standpipe installed in the vertical direction of the building, and a siphon drainpipe connecting the private areas and the drainage standpipe, and the drainage standpipe penetrates all floors based on a position that corresponds to approximately the middle of the three or more private areas among the common areas.

With this configuration, for example, if the building is an apartment building with partitioned private areas as dwelling units and there are more dwelling units on the lower floors than on the upper floors, the drainage standpipe will penetrate all floors based on a position approximately halfway between three or more dwelling units and the adjacent common areas on the lower floors, and will not interfere with the dwelling units on either the upper or lower floors. This eliminates the need to install drainage standpipes on both the upper and lower floors, and is expected to realize the optimal number and installation location of drainage standpipes.

Of the "three or more adjacent dedicated areas," the adjacent state of the dedicated areas may be on the same line or on a bent line such as an L-shape, and the number of the dedicated areas may be four or five or more, but from the perspective of construction management, including the type of building, the number of dedicated areas per floor, and the piping route of the siphon drain pipe, it is preferable for the adjacent state of the dedicated areas to be on the same line, and the preferred number of the dedicated areas is three or four.

It is also preferable that each of the above floors includes two or more adjacent dedicated sections, and that the drainage standpipe receives drainage from the two or more dedicated sections for each floor.

With this configuration, for example, even on upper floors with fewer dwelling units or on lower floors with more dwelling units, one drainage standpipe can be used to drain wastewater from two or more dwelling units per floor, further improving the possibility of realizing the optimal number and installation location of drainage standpipes.

The siphon drain pipe also has a horizontal pipe located on the floor slab that forms the floor, and it is preferable that the horizontal pipe is connected to the drainage standpipe via a piping pit formed in the shared portion of the floor slab.

With this configuration, even if the horizontal pipe cannot be directly connected from the plumbing to the drainage standpipe via under the floor of the dwelling because the distance from the plumbing to the drainage standpipe is far, it can be indirectly connected to the drainage standpipe via a piping pit without being exposed above the floor slab from under the floor, so it is expected that the horizontal pipe will be able to direct wastewater to the drainage standpipe without interfering with other equipment, fixtures, piping, etc. outside the dwelling and their construction.

It is also preferable that the building is an apartment building, the private area is a dwelling unit within the apartment building, the common area includes a meter box provided in the dwelling unit and a common corridor formed along the dwelling unit, the drainage standpipe is disposed within the meter box, the siphon drainpipe is located between the double floor formed by the floor slab and the floor of the dwelling unit, and the piping pit is formed in a concave shape along the common corridor.

With this configuration, there is no need to significantly change the specifications of a typical apartment building to suit the present invention, and since conventional meter boxes and common corridors can be used as common areas to implement the present invention, it is easy to consider the layout of each dwelling unit regardless of the placement of the drainage standpipe, and there is no need to increase the floor height, so it is expected that the number of steps required for design and construction for the present invention can be reduced.

The construction method of the drainage structure of the present invention is characterized in that for a building that includes at least two or more sets of stories with different numbers of partitioned private areas, each of the stories includes a common area adjacent to the private area, and the story with the greatest number of private areas includes three or more adjacent private areas in a straight line, a drainage standpipe is installed in the vertical direction of the building, penetrating all stories based on a position that corresponds to approximately the middle of the three or more private areas among the common areas, and the private areas and the drainage standpipe are connected by a siphon drainpipe.

The building of the present invention is characterized by having the drainage structure described above and adopting the construction method for the drainage structure described above.

Note that buildings include, for example, apartment buildings, detached houses, temporary housing, schools, hospitals, elderly care facilities, facilities for the disabled, and various commercial facilities, and there are no limitations on structure or size, such as reinforced concrete, steel-reinforced concrete, steel frame, or wood construction.

In short, the present invention can provide the optimal number and installation locations of drainage standpipes for buildings with different specifications, including the number of private areas divided by floors.

1 is a conceptual plan view of the lower, middle and upper floors of a building in one embodiment of the present invention. This is a partially enlarged conceptual plan view of a portion of the lower floor. This is a partially enlarged conceptual cross-sectional diagram of a portion of the lower floor.

Below, a drainage structure in one embodiment of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as "this drainage structure") will be explained with reference to Figures 1 to 3. In these figures, when there are multiple identical objects or parts, only one of them is numbered. For ease of explanation, certain objects or parts, and the leading lines of these objects or parts, are shown with hidden lines (dashed lines) in some parts. In the explanation, terms indicating directions such as up, down, side, vertical, horizontal, etc. are basically based on a normal building, and if other references are used, they will be explained appropriately.

<Outline of the building that uses this drainage structure>
The above-mentioned building is an apartment building that includes at least two or more sets of floors with different numbers of dwelling units corresponding to partitioned private areas, and may be a type that includes multiple dwelling units along a straight or curved external corridor (hereinafter also referred to as the "external corridor type"), or a type that includes multiple dwelling units surrounding an internal corridor that is bent into a U-shape or a rectangle (hereinafter also referred to as the "internal corridor type").For example, the building may be a super high-rise apartment building with more than 20 floors, a high-rise apartment building with 6 to 20 floors, a mid-rise apartment building with 4 to 5 floors, or a low-rise apartment building with 2 to 3 floors, and the external corridor type may be a slab type, a staggered type, or some other type.

The apartment building shown in FIG. 1 is a high-rise apartment building with an internal corridor, and includes three sets of floors, namely, lower floor L, middle floor M, and upper floor H, with different numbers of dwelling units, and has predetermined parts formed by publicly known techniques such as structural columns and structural walls that are not numbered. The lower floor L has the largest number of dwelling units and includes at least three dwelling units adjacent to each other on the same line, the middle floor M includes two or more adjacent dwelling units partitioned according to the number and partitions of the dwelling units of the lower floor L and/or the upper floor H, and the upper floor H includes two or more adjacent dwelling units partitioned according to the number and partitions of the dwelling units of the lower floor L and/or the middle floor M, the lower floor L includes dwelling units L1 to L11, the middle floor M includes dwelling units M1 to M7, and the upper floors include dwelling units H1 to H6. The lower floor L, middle floor M, and upper floor H include a common area Sa adjacent to each dwelling unit and another common area Sb provided inside the common area Sa.

Each dwelling unit is equipped with plumbing facilities such as a kitchen, toilet, washroom and bath (not shown), a living room, bedroom, Western-style room and Japanese-style room, etc., and there are no limitations on the overall size of the dwelling unit, the size of the partitioned plumbing facilities and rooms, or the layout of the rooms made up of these. The common area Sa includes a meter box or pipe space Sa1 (hereinafter simply referred to as "meter box Sa1") adjacent to the dwelling unit, and a common corridor Sa2 formed along each dwelling unit. The common area Sb includes an elevator and emergency stairs.

Meter boxes Sa1 are for dwelling units L2, L6, and L10 on lower floors L, for dwelling units M2, M4, and M6 on middle floors M, and for dwelling units H1, H3, and H5 on upper floors H. They are located approximately halfway between adjacent dwelling units on the same straight line at least on lower floors L. For example, on lower floors L, for dwelling unit L2, it is located near the boundary between dwelling units L2 and L3, which is approximately halfway between dwelling units L1, L2, L3, and L4; for dwelling unit L6, it is located near the boundary between dwelling units L6 and L7, which is approximately halfway between dwelling units L5, L6, L7, and L8; for dwelling unit L10, it is located approximately halfway between dwelling units L9, L10, and L11. For unit M2, the meter box Sa1 is located approximately in the middle of unit M2; for unit M4, the meter box Sa1 is located approximately in the middle of unit M4; for unit M6, the meter box Sa1 is located approximately in the middle of unit M6, which is approximately in the middle of units M5, M6, and M7; for unit H1, the meter box Sa1 is located approximately in the middle of unit H1 and H2; for unit H3, the meter box Sa1 is located approximately in the middle of unit H3 and H4; and for unit H5, the meter box Sa1 is located approximately in the middle of unit H5 and H6. Meter boxes (not shown) other than the meter box Sa1 may be located adjacent to each unit.

<Details of this drainage structure>
As shown in Figure 1, this drainage structure includes a drainage standpipe 1 that vertically passes through all floors based on a meter box Sa1 located in the common area Sa at a position approximately halfway between three or more dwelling units on the lower floors L, and a siphon drainpipe 2 that connects the drainage standpipe 1 to the plumbing equipment in each dwelling unit. The drainage standpipe 1 and the siphon drainpipe 2 are formed by known technology, and there are no limitations on the specifications such as material, size, shape, etc. The drainage standpipe 1 is arranged to fit into the meter box Sa1 for the dwelling unit on each floor.

There are three drainage standpipes 1: a first drainage standpipe 1a arranged to fit within the meter boxes Sa1 for dwelling unit L2 on the lower floor L, dwelling unit M2 on the middle floor M, and dwelling unit H1 on the upper floor H; a second drainage standpipe 1b arranged to fit within the meter boxes Sa1 for dwelling unit L6 on the lower floor L, dwelling unit M4 on the middle floor M, and dwelling unit H3 on the upper floor H; and a third drainage standpipe 1c arranged to fit within the meter boxes Sa1 for dwelling unit L10 on the lower floor L, dwelling unit M6 on the middle floor M, and dwelling unit H5 on the upper floor H. However, the number of drainage standpipes may be two or less or four or more depending on the number of dwelling units on the lower floor L.

A siphon drain pipe 2 is provided for each dwelling unit, with siphon drain pipe 2L1 for dwelling unit L1 to siphon drain pipe 2L11 for dwelling unit 11 on the lower floors L, siphon drain pipe 2M1 for dwelling unit M1 to siphon drain pipe 2M7 for dwelling unit M7 on the middle floors M, and siphon drain pipe 2H1 for dwelling unit H1 to siphon drain pipe 2H6 for dwelling unit H6 on the upper floors L, but there may be more than one for each dwelling unit depending on the number and layout of plumbing fixtures, and there may be one for each purpose, such as for kitchen drainage or toilet drainage.

The first drainage standpipe 1a, the second drainage standpipe 1b, and the third drainage standpipe 1c each receive drainage from two or more dwelling units on each of the lower floors L, the middle floors M, and the upper floors H via the siphon drainpipe 2. In detail, the first drainage standpipe 1a receives drainage from dwelling units L1-L4 on the lower floors L, dwelling units M1 and M2 on the middle floors M, and dwelling units H1 and H2 on the upper floors H; the second drainage standpipe 1b receives drainage from dwelling units L5-L8 on the lower floors L, dwelling units M3 and M4 on the middle floors M, and dwelling units H3 and H4 on the upper floors H; and the third drainage standpipe 1c receives drainage from dwelling units L9-L11 on the lower floors L, dwelling units M5-M7 on the middle floors M, and dwelling units H5 and H6 on the upper floors H.

Figure 2 is an enlarged view of the portion corresponding to the dwelling units L1 to L4 on the lower floor L shown in Figure 1. As shown in Figure 2, the siphon drain pipe 2L1 connected to the kitchen L2k of the dwelling unit L2 is connected directly from inside the room to the first drainage standpipe 1a arranged in the meter box Sa1. On the other hand, the siphon drain pipe 2L1 connected to the kitchen L1k of the dwelling unit L1, the siphon drain pipe 2L3 connected to the kitchen L3k of the dwelling unit L3, and the siphon drain pipe 2L4 connected to the kitchen L4k of the dwelling unit L4 are connected to the first drainage standpipe 1a arranged in the meter box Sa1 for the dwelling unit L2 via the piping pit Sa3 formed in the common corridor Sa2, which is expected to have the effect of allowing piping to be performed without crossing the range of other dwelling units. The drainage structures of dwelling units L5-L8, L9-L11 on the lower floors L, dwelling units M1 and M2, M3 and M4, and M5-M7 on the middle floors M, and dwelling units H1 and H2, H3 and H4, and H5 and H6 on the upper floors H are the same as those of dwelling units L1-L4 on the lower floors L described above, so explanations will be omitted.

Figure 3 (A) is a partially enlarged cross-sectional conceptual diagram showing the drainage structure of the dwelling unit L2 shown in Figure 2, and Figures 3 (B) and (C) are partially enlarged cross-sectional conceptual diagrams showing the drainage structure of the dwelling unit L1 shown in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 3 (A), the dwelling unit L2 has a double floor structure consisting of a floor slab Fa and a floor material Fb, has a kitchen L2k placed on the floor material Fb, and is adjacent to a meter box Sa1 formed by walls W, W. The siphon drain pipe 2L2 connected to the kitchen L2k has a horizontal pull pipe 21L2 located on the floor slab Fa and a vertical pipe 22L2 bent approximately vertically from the end of the horizontal pull pipe 21L2, and may be connected to the kitchen L2k via a drain trap, a connecting pipe, and a water tank that are not numbered.

The floor slab Fa includes a first floor slab Fa1 that forms the floor of the dwelling unit L2, a second floor slab Fa2 that is formed lower than the first floor slab Fa1, and a third floor slab Fa3 that is formed higher than the first floor slab Fa1 and the second floor slab Fa2. The height of the mortar M filled on the second floor slab Fa2 is approximately equal to the height of the first floor slab Fa1.

The horizontal pipe 21L2 is installed on the mortar M through an unnumbered through hole formed in the wall W from the first floor slab Fa1. The vertical pipe 22L2 is installed so as to penetrate the mortar M and the second floor slab Fa2 and merge with the first drainage standpipe 1a. The first drainage standpipe 1a is installed so as to penetrate the mortar M and the second floor slab Fa2 and fit within the meter box Sa1. The third floor slab Fa3 corresponds to the common corridor Sa2 and has a piping pit Sa3 recessed downward near the boundary with the meter box Sa1.

As shown in Figures 3(B) and (C), the horizontal pipe 21L1 of the siphon drain pipe 2L1 connected to the kitchen L1k of the dwelling unit L1 extends to the piping pit Sa3 through an unnumbered through hole formed in the third floor slab Fa3, bends in the piping pit Sa3, extends to the front of the meter box Sa1, bends again in the piping pit Sa3, extends to the meter box Sa1 through an unnumbered through hole formed in the third floor slab Fa3, bends in the meter box Sa1 and connects to the vertical pipe 22L1. As shown in Figure 3(B), the horizontal pipe 21L1 may be buried in mortar M on the second floor slab Fa2 and in the piping pit Sa3.

<Effects of this drainage structure>
Therefore, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, in the case of an apartment building where the number of dwelling units on the lower floors L is greater than the number of dwelling units on the upper floors H, for example, the first drainage stack 1a penetrates all the floors based on the meter box Sa1, which is located at a position corresponding to approximately the middle of the dwelling units L1 to L4 among the common area Sa adjacent to three or more dwelling units L1 to L4 that are adjacent to each other on the same straight line included in the lower floors L, and does not interfere with any of the dwelling units on the upper floors H, middle floors M, or lower floors L, so there is no need to install a drainage stack for each floor.Furthermore, since a single first drainage stack 1a can be used to drain wastewater from two or more dwelling units per floor, whether on the upper floors H with a small number of dwelling units or the lower floors L with a large number of dwelling units, it is expected that the optimal number and installation position of the drainage stack 1 can be achieved.

As shown in Figures 3(B) and (C), since the distance from the kitchen L1k of the dwelling unit L1 on the lower floor L to the first drainage standpipe 1a is long, the horizontal pull pipe 21L1 cannot be directly connected from the kitchen L1k to the first drainage standpipe 1a via under the floor of the dwelling unit L1. However, it can be indirectly connected to the first drainage standpipe 1a via the piping pit Sa3. Therefore, even if the distance from the kitchen L1k to the first drainage standpipe 1a is more than 10 m, it is expected that the horizontal pull pipe 21L1 will not interfere with other equipment, fixtures, piping, etc. outside the dwelling unit L1 and will allow the drainage to flow to the first drainage standpipe 1a.

Overall, there is no need to significantly change the specifications of a typical apartment building to accommodate this drainage structure, and since the conventional meter box Sa1 and common corridor Sa2 can be used as the common area Sa to implement this drainage structure, it is easy to consider the layout of each dwelling unit regardless of the placement of the drainage standpipe 1, and there is no need to raise the floor height, so it is expected that the amount of work required for designing and constructing the drainage structure will be reduced. In addition, there is no need to install an extension ventilation system for the drainage standpipe for each dwelling unit, and no extra pipe space is required within the dwelling unit, so it is expected that the livability will not be compromised.

The drainage structure shown in this embodiment is not limited to the above, and includes the positions, shapes, and dimensions of all parts and the relationships between parts as long as the same effect is obtained.

<An example of how to install this drainage structure>
In the construction method of this drainage structure, for example, for a building including lower floors L, middle floors M, and upper floors H with different numbers of partitioned dwelling units as shown in Fig. 1, each floor including a common area Sa adjacent to the dwelling units, and the lower floor L with the greatest number of dwelling units including three or more dwelling units adjacent in a straight line, a drainage standpipe 1 is provided in the vertical direction of the building, penetrating all floors with a meter box Sa1 located at a position corresponding to approximately the middle of the three or more dwelling units in the common area Sa as a reference, and the dwelling units and the drainage standpipe 1a are connected by a siphon drainpipe 2. The position of the meter box Sa1 is determined after the partitions of the dwelling units on all floors are determined in the design stage, but it may be determined before that is determined, and for example, the partitions may be determined after the above-mentioned positions are determined.

1 Drainage standpipe 1a 1st drainage standpipe, 1b 2nd drainage standpipe, 1c 3rd drainage standpipe 2 Siphon drainpipe 21 Horizontal pipe, 22 Vertical pipe L Lower floor, M Middle floor, H Upper floor L1-L11 Lower floor dwelling unit, M1-M7 Middle floor dwelling unit, H1-H6 Upper floor dwelling unit Sa, Sb Common area Sa1 Meter box, Sa2 Common corridor, Sa3 Piping pit Fa Floor slab, Fb Floor Fa1 1st floor slab, Fa2 2nd floor slab, Fa3 3rd floor slab

Claims (6)

The system includes at least two or more levels each having a different number of partitioned dedicated areas;
each of the tiers includes a shared portion adjacent to the private portion;
For buildings including three or more exclusive use areas in which the floors with the most exclusive use areas are adjacent to each other,
A drainage standpipe provided in the vertical direction of the building;
a siphon drain pipe connecting the dedicated portion and the drainage standpipe;
A drainage structure characterized in that the drainage vertical pipe penetrates all floors based on a position of the common area that corresponds to approximately the middle of the three or more private areas. each of said tiers includes two or more adjacent dedicated portions;
The drainage structure according to claim 1, wherein the drainage standpipe receives drainage from the two or more dedicated portions for each floor. The siphon drain pipe has a horizontal pipe located on a floor slab forming a floor,
The drainage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontal pipe is connected to the drainage vertical pipe via a piping pit formed in the common portion of the floor slab. The building is an apartment building,
The private portion is a dwelling unit within the housing complex;
The common area includes a meter box provided in the dwelling unit and a common corridor formed along the dwelling unit,
The drainage standpipe is disposed within the meter box,
The siphon drain pipe is located between the floor slab and the floor of the dwelling unit.
The drainage structure according to claim 3 , wherein the piping pit is formed in a concave shape along the common corridor. The system includes at least two or more levels each having a different number of partitioned dedicated areas;
each of the tiers includes a shared portion adjacent to the private portion;
For buildings including three or more exclusive use areas in which the floors with the most exclusive use areas are adjacent to each other,
A drainage standpipe is provided in the vertical direction of the building, penetrating all floors based on a position of the common area corresponding to approximately the middle of the three or more private areas;
A construction method for a drainage structure, comprising connecting the dedicated portion and the drainage vertical pipe with a siphon drain pipe. A building equipped with the drainage structure described in claim 1 or employing the construction method for the drainage structure described in claim 5.

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