JP2024044847A - Electricity supply and demand control system and electric power supply and demand control method - Google Patents

Abstract

[Problem] To stably control the supply and demand balance of a power system using a storage battery mounted on a vehicle as a resource. [Solution] An electric power supply and demand control system adjusts the supply and demand balance of a power system by controlling the charging or discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle connected to the power system. The electric power supply and demand control system includes an SOC management server, and a vehicle having a storage battery and an information processing device that controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery. The SOC management server and the vehicle are communicatively connected. The SOC management server stores the past usage history of the vehicle, estimates the amount of power consumed in one usage of the vehicle based on the usage history, determines the SOC of the vehicle's storage battery based on the estimated amount of power consumption, and controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the determined SOC. [Selected Figure] Figure 3

Description

The present invention relates to an electric power supply and demand control system and an electric power supply and demand control method, and particularly to a technique for controlling the supply and demand balance of an electric power system using a storage battery mounted on a vehicle as a resource.

In so-called VPP (Virtual Power Plant), EV (Electric Vehicle) and PHV (Plug It is assumed that storage batteries installed in vehicles (mobile objects) such as -in Hybrid Vehicles will be utilized.

In supply and demand balance control using storage batteries, electric power supplied to or absorbed from the power grid is controlled by controlling charging or discharging of the storage batteries. For this reason, for example, when the amount of electricity stored in the storage battery (hereinafter referred to as SOC (State of Charge)) reaches 100%, it cannot be charged, and the surplus of solar power generation can be absorbed or the DR (Demand response). Further, for example, if the SOC of the storage battery becomes 0%, it cannot be discharged and cannot respond to peak cut or lower DR commands. Therefore, in supply and demand balance control using storage batteries, it is required to maintain the SOC of the storage batteries at an appropriate level.

Regarding the control of the supply and demand balance in the power system, for example, Patent Document 1 describes how to optimize the storage battery capacity secured for BCP (Business Continuity Plan), etc., and to improve the range of services provided during normal times. A storage battery management device configured for the purpose of expanding the storage battery management system is described. The storage battery management device predicts the amount of electricity demanded by consumers who have storage batteries, and calculates the minimum amount of energy stored in the storage battery determined for each customer and for each hourly unit of each customer in the event that power supply from the power grid is stopped. Based on the assumed emergency load, which is the load of A charging/discharging plan is created that defines the amount of charging power and discharging power for each time unit of the storage battery within a range that does not fall below the lower limit of the stored power amount.

For example, Patent Document 2 describes a storage battery control device that is configured to respond to demand response with a higher response rate. Based on demand response information and information on received power from the consumer, the storage battery control device predicts whether or not a demand response will be requested from the consumer and the time of such request. If it predicts that a demand response will be requested, it performs calculations based on the prediction results regarding the amount of charge and discharge in the storage battery during the demand response activation time period and during the adjustment time period, which is a specified time period prior to the demand response activation time period, and controls the charge and discharge of the storage battery based on the calculation results.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-184682 JP2020-202631A

When a storage battery installed in a vehicle is used as a resource for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power grid, the management of the storage battery's capacity (management of SOC) depends on how the user uses the vehicle. For example, when the vehicle is outside, the vehicle is electrically disconnected from the power grid, and the charging or discharging of the storage battery installed in the vehicle cannot be controlled. Therefore, in order to constantly maintain the SOC of the storage battery installed in the vehicle at an appropriate level, it is necessary to take into account how the user uses the vehicle.

The present invention has been made in light of this background, and aims to provide an electric power supply and demand control system and an electric power supply and demand control method that can stably control the supply and demand balance of an electric power system using a storage battery installed in a vehicle as a resource.

One of the present inventions for achieving the above object is an electric power supply and demand control system that adjusts the supply and demand balance of an electric power system by controlling the charging or discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle connected to the electric power system, and includes an SOC management server, which is an information processing device having a processor and a storage device, and a vehicle having a storage battery and an information processing device that controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery, the SOC management server and the vehicle are communicatively connected, the SOC management server stores the past usage history of the vehicle, estimates the amount of power consumption in one usage opportunity of the vehicle based on the usage history, determines the SOC of the storage battery of the vehicle based on the estimated amount of power consumption, and controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the determined SOC.

Other problems and solutions disclosed in this application will be made clear in the detailed description of the invention and the drawings.

According to the present invention, it is possible to stably control the supply and demand balance of an electric power system using a storage battery mounted on a vehicle as a resource.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of an electric power supply and demand control system. 2 is a diagram illustrating main functions of a supply and demand adjustment server. FIG. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating main functions of an SOC management server. 13 is an example of vehicle usage record information. This is an example of vehicle usage reservation information. This is an example of SOC information for each vehicle. It is a figure explaining the main functions with which an ECU is provided. 4 is a flowchart illustrating an SOC control process. This is an example of the hardware configuration of an information processing device used to implement a supply and demand adjustment server and an SOC management server.

The following describes an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings. In the following description, the letter "S" before each reference symbol indicates a processing step.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic configuration of an electric power supply and demand control system 1 shown as an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the power supply and demand control system 1 includes a power system 3, one or more power supplies 20, one or more vehicles 30, a supply and demand adjustment server 100, and an SOC management server 200.

The supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 are communicatively connected to the various facilities constituting the power system 3, the power supply devices 20, the vehicles 30, and the information provider server 7 via the communication network 5. The communication network 5 is a communication infrastructure that realizes wired or wireless communication, and is, for example, the Internet, a LAN (Local Area Network), a WAN (Wide Area Network), a wireless LAN, a power line communication network, various public communication networks, Bluetooth (registered trademark), a dedicated line, etc.

The power system 3 is referred to as, for example, conventional power generation equipment such as thermal power generation equipment, wind power generation equipment, or photovoltaic (PV) power generation equipment. ), etc., which utilize renewable energy. Note that the power system 3 may include a function as a VPP (Virtual Power Plant).

The information providing server 7 is an information processing device that provides information to other devices via the Internet, such as a web server, and provides various information used to determine the appropriate SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 and to control the SOC. The information providing server 7 is operated by an organization such as a government agency or a company. The above information includes time-series forecast information of electricity prices (hereinafter referred to as "electricity price forecast information"), time-series forecast information of the output of a renewable energy power generation facility (hereinafter referred to as "renewable energy output") (hereinafter referred to as "renewable energy output forecast information"), time-series forecast information of electricity demand in the power grid 3 (hereinafter referred to as "electricity demand forecast information"), and time-series forecast information of weather in the area where the power grid 3 exists (area where the power supplier to the power grid 3 exists and area where the power consumer to which the power grid 3 provides electricity exists) (hereinafter referred to as "weather forecast information").

The power supply device 20 is, for example, electric vehicle supply equipment for home or public use that is provided in various locations in the area where the power system 3 is deployed. The power supply device 20 supplies charging power from the power system 3 to a storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30, and supplies discharged power of the storage battery 31 to the power system 3. The power supply device 20 is equipped with communication equipment for communicating with the vehicle 30, the supply and demand adjustment server 100, and the SOC management server 200 via the communication network 5.

The vehicle 30 is a moving body that runs using electric power stored in a storage battery 31, and is, for example, an EV (Electric Vehicle) or a PHV (Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle). The vehicle 30 operates as, for example, a V2X device (V2L (Vehicle to Live), V2H (Vehicle to home), V2G (Vehicle to Grid)) device. The vehicle 30, for example, like a company car or an official car, has a certain tendency in its usage depending on the time of day or the day of the week. The storage battery 31 is, for example, a secondary battery such as a lithium ion secondary battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lead acid battery.

The vehicle 30 includes an ECU 32 (Electronic Control Unit). The ECU 32 monitors the state of the storage battery 31 and controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31. The vehicle 30 is electrically connected to the power supply device 20 via a cable or the like, and is connected to the power system 3 via the power supply device 20. The vehicle 30 includes a charge/discharge control device 33 that controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31. The charge/discharge control device 33 has, for example, a bidirectional charging unit, and monitors the state of the storage battery 31 based on measured values of various sensors (voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, etc.) in addition to a circuit that controls charging or discharging. This includes circuits that perform power conversion, power conversion circuits (bidirectional converters, etc.), etc. The charge/discharge control device 33 is communicably connected to the ECU 32 and controls charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 according to commands from the ECU 32 . The charge/discharge control device 33 also monitors information regarding the state of the storage battery 31 (voltage (charging voltage, discharging voltage), current (charging current, discharging current), SOC (state of charge), temperature, internal resistance, etc.). Notify EUC32.

The vehicle 30 is equipped with communication equipment, and the ECU 32 transmits information regarding the state of the storage battery 31 acquired from the charge/discharge control device 33 to the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 via the communication network 5. Vehicle 30 may be positioned as, for example, a connected car. Further, the vehicle 30 may be equipped with facilities for enjoying various services provided via a telematics communication network.

The supply and demand adjustment server 100 is an information processing device operated by the operator of the power system 3, such as a power transmission and distribution business operator. The supply and demand adjustment server 100 acquires the real-time supply of electricity from various power generation facilities connected to the power system 3 and the real-time consumption of electricity based on the measurement values of smart meters and the like installed in consumers connected to the power system 3, and adjusts the balance of supply and demand of electricity in the power system 3 (load leveling, absorbing excess supply of renewable energy, supplying necessary electricity during power shortages, etc.) based on the acquired supply and consumption.

The supply and demand adjustment server 100 adjusts the power supply and demand balance in the power grid 3 by issuing a demand and supply adjustment command, for example, a demand response (DR). For example, the supply and demand adjustment server 100 transmits a command to the SOC management server 200 to prompt the charging of the storage battery 31 in order to consume excess renewable energy output (hereinafter referred to as an "upward DR"). In addition, for example, the supply and demand adjustment server 100 transmits a command to the SOC management server 200 to prompt the discharging of the storage battery 31 (supply to the power grid 3) (hereinafter referred to as a "downward DR") when there is a shortage of power supply, such as during times of peak demand for electricity.

The SOC management server 200 transmits a charging command and a discharging command for the storage battery 31 to the vehicle 30 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 becomes an appropriate value. The SOC management server 200 receives control commands (DR, etc.) sent from the supply and demand adjustment server 100, the reservation status of the vehicle 30, renewable energy output forecast information, and power demand forecast information provided by the information provision server 7. , and weather forecast information (hereinafter, these information will be collectively referred to as "SOC determination reference information"), determine the SOC value of the storage battery 31 installed in the vehicle 30 (each vehicle 30 to be managed). Then, a charging or discharging control command is transmitted to the vehicle 30 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 becomes the determined value. Note that the SOC management server 200 performs information processing that transmits a charge or discharge control command to the vehicle 30 in response to a DR command (up DR or down DR) sent from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 to the SOC management server 200, for example. It may function as a device (so-called aggregator server).

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating the main functions provided by the supply and demand adjustment server 100. As shown in the figure, the supply and demand adjustment server 100 includes the functions of a storage section 110 and a supply and demand balance adjustment section 125.

Of the above functions, the memory unit 110 stores power supply and demand status information 111. The power supply and demand status information 111 includes time series information on the amount of power supplied from various power generation facilities connected to the power grid 3, and time series information on the amount of power used based on measurement values sent from smart meters of consumers.

The supply and demand balance adjustment unit 125 determines whether or not the supply and demand balance needs to be adjusted based on the power supply and demand situation information 111. When it is determined that adjustment of the supply and demand balance is necessary, the supply and demand balance adjustment unit 125 formulates a method (control method) for adjusting the supply and demand balance based on the electricity supply and demand status information 111, generates a DR command based on the drafted adjustment method, and generates a DR command based on the proposed adjustment method. Send to SOC management server 200. Note that a method for adjusting the supply and demand balance is planned using, for example, a known method.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating the main functions of the SOC management server 200. As shown in the figure, the SOC management server 200 includes a storage unit 210, an information acquisition management unit 220, an electricity price prediction unit 225, a renewable energy output prediction unit 230, an electricity demand prediction unit 235, a weather prediction unit 240, and a vehicle usage record. It includes the functions of a management section 245, a vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determination section 255, a supply and demand balance adjustment command reception section 260 (DR command reception section), and a storage battery charge/discharge control section 265.

Among the above functions, the storage unit 210 has power price forecast information 211, renewable energy output forecast information 212, power demand forecast information 213, weather forecast information 214, vehicle usage record information 215, vehicle usage reservation information 216, and SOC management for each vehicle. Information (data) such as information 217, supply and demand balance adjustment command 218, and calendar information 219 (including information indicating the day of the week for each day) are stored. Note that among the above information, the renewable energy output prediction information 212, the power demand prediction information 213, the weather prediction information 214, and the vehicle usage reservation information 216 correspond to the SOC determination consideration information described above.

The information acquisition management unit 220 receives power price forecast information 211, renewable energy output forecast information 212, power demand forecast information 213, weather forecast information 214, and The supply and demand balance adjustment command 218 is received, and the received information is managed in the storage unit 210.

The power price prediction unit 225 outputs time-series prediction information of the power price predicted for a predetermined future period based on the power price prediction information 211 stored in the storage unit 210. In this embodiment, the electricity price prediction unit 225 provides time-series prediction information of electricity prices for a predetermined period in the future based on the electricity price prediction information 211 provided from the outside. For example, the power price prediction unit 225 may provide the above prediction information based on acquired information or a predetermined algorithm (various statistical methods, AI (Artificial Intelligence), machine learning, etc.).

The renewable energy output prediction unit 230 outputs time-series prediction information of renewable energy output predicted for a predetermined future period based on the renewable energy output prediction information 212 stored in the storage unit 210. In this embodiment, the renewable energy output prediction unit 230 provides time-series prediction information of renewable energy output in a predetermined period in the future based on the renewable energy output prediction information 212 provided from the outside. However, for example, the renewable energy output prediction unit 230 may provide the above prediction information based on acquired information or a predetermined algorithm (various statistical methods, AI, machine learning, etc.).

The power demand prediction unit 235 outputs time-series forecast information of power demand predicted for a predetermined future period based on the power demand forecast information 213 stored in the storage unit 210. Note that in this embodiment, the power demand prediction unit 235 is configured to provide time-series forecast information of power demand for a predetermined future period based on the power demand forecast information 213 provided from the outside, but for example, the power demand prediction unit 235 may be configured to provide the forecast information based on acquired information or a predetermined algorithm (various statistical methods, AI, machine learning, etc.).
s

The weather prediction unit 240 outputs time-series weather forecast information predicted for a predetermined future period in a predetermined region based on the weather forecast information 214 stored in the storage unit 210. In this embodiment, the weather prediction unit 240 provides time-series weather forecast information for a predetermined period in the future in a predetermined region based on the weather forecast information 214 provided from the outside. However, for example, the weather prediction unit 240 may provide the above prediction information based on acquired information or a predetermined algorithm (various statistical methods, AI, machine learning, etc.).

The vehicle usage record management unit 245 manages the usage record (usage history) of the vehicle 30 as vehicle usage record information 215.

Figure 4 shows an example of vehicle usage history information 215. As shown in the figure, the illustrated vehicle usage history information 215 is composed of one or more records having the following fields: vehicle ID 411, usage period 412, usage time 413, mileage 414, and SOC change amount 415. One record of the vehicle usage history information 215 corresponds to one usage opportunity of one vehicle 30 (the period from one charging opportunity to the next charging opportunity).

Of the above items, vehicle ID 411 stores the vehicle ID, which is an identifier for vehicle 30. Usage period 412 stores the usage start date and time and usage end date and time for one usage opportunity of the vehicle 30. Usage time 413 stores the usage time for that usage opportunity. Mileage 414 stores the mileage of the vehicle 30 for that usage opportunity. SOC change amount 415 stores the difference between the SOC of the storage battery 31 at the usage start date and time for that usage opportunity and the SOC of the storage battery 31 at the usage end date and time for that usage opportunity.

Returning to FIG. 3, the vehicle use reservation reception unit 250 receives a reservation for use of the vehicle 30 and manages the contents of the received reservation as vehicle use reservation information 216. The vehicle use reservation reception unit 250 receives a reservation for use from a user, for example, via the communication network 5. The user can make a reservation for use, for example, using a communication terminal such as a smartphone or a personal computer.

FIG. 5 shows an example of the vehicle usage reservation information 216. As shown in the figure, the illustrated vehicle usage reservation information 216 is composed of one or more records having each item of a vehicle ID 511, a user ID 512, and a scheduled usage period 513. One record of the vehicle usage reservation information 216 corresponds to one usage opportunity of a certain user.

Of the above items, vehicle ID 511 stores the vehicle ID of the vehicle 30 to be reserved. User ID 512 stores the user ID that is an identifier for the user. Planned usage period 513 stores the start date and time of usage and the end date and time of usage.

Returning to FIG. 3, the vehicle-specific SOC determination unit 255 determines the SOC (SOC at a present or future time or period (day of the week, time period)) of the storage battery 31 installed in the vehicle 30 based on the vehicle usage reservation status and SOC determination consideration information obtained from the vehicle usage reservation information 216, and manages the determined SOC in the vehicle-specific SOC management information 217. The vehicle-specific SOC determination unit 255 determines the SOC of the vehicle 30, for example, as follows.

For example, the vehicle SOC determination unit 255 estimates the distance traveled during one use of the vehicle 30 based on the vehicle usage history information 215, estimates the power consumption (SOC change) during one use of the vehicle 30 by multiplying the power consumption per unit time based on the estimated distance traveled, and determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 based on the estimated power consumption. For example, the vehicle SOC determination unit 255 estimates the distance traveled as an average value of the distance traveled during one past use. Note that the vehicle usage history information 215 may be configured to make the above estimation based on the vehicle usage history information 215 using, for example, a statistical method, AI, machine learning, or other method.

For example, the vehicle SOC determination unit 255 estimates the travel distance for each "time period" during one use of the vehicle 30 based on the vehicle usage history information 215, estimates the power consumption (SOC change) for each time period during one use of the vehicle 30 by multiplying the power consumption per unit time based on the estimated travel distance, and determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 for each time period based on the estimated power consumption. For example, the vehicle SOC determination unit 255 sets the average value of the travel distance for each time period during one past use as the estimated value of the travel distance. Note that the vehicle usage history information 215 may be configured to make the above estimation based on the vehicle usage history information 215 using, for example, a statistical method, AI, machine learning, or other method.

For example, the vehicle SOC determination unit 255 estimates the distance traveled for each day of the week during one use of the vehicle 30 based on the vehicle usage history information 215, estimates the power consumption (SOC change) for each day of the week during one use of the vehicle 30 by multiplying the power consumption per unit time based on the estimated distance traveled, and determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 for each day of the week based on the estimated power consumption. For example, the vehicle SOC determination unit 255 sets the average value of the distance traveled for each day of the week during one past use as the estimated value of the distance traveled. Note that the vehicle usage history information 215 may be configured to make the above estimation based on the vehicle usage history information 215 using, for example, a statistical method, AI, machine learning, or other method.

Further, for example, the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determination unit 255 determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 to be a predetermined value (for example, fully charged (100%)) required for the use of the vehicle 30 for which the vehicle 30 is reserved for use.

For example, if there is no reservation for use of the vehicle 30, the vehicle-based SOC determining unit 255 determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 to be a low value. For example, if the vehicle 30 is a company car or official car, and the frequency of use on Saturdays, Sundays, holidays, etc. is lower than on weekdays (for example, if the frequency of use is less than a preset threshold number of times), then The SOC at the time point is determined to be a preset minimum value (for example, 0%).

Further, for example, when there is no reservation for use of the vehicle 30, the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determination unit 255 determines the SOC based on the SOC determination consideration information.

For example, the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determination unit 255 determines the SOC based on the renewable energy output prediction information 212 (if a decrease in the renewable energy output is expected, increase the SOC, etc.).

Further, for example, the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determination unit 255 determines the SOC based on the power demand prediction information 213 (increasing the SOC if an increase in power demand is expected, etc.).

Further, for example, the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determining unit 255 determines the SOC based on the weather forecast information 214 (for example, increasing the SOC when bad weather is predicted).

In addition, when determining the SOC using any of the above methods, the vehicle-specific SOC determination unit 255 may, for example, set a preset value or a statistically calculated predetermined amount (margin) to the determined SOC. It may be a value taken into consideration. For example, when determining the SOC according to the mileage (power consumption) of the vehicle 30, the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determination unit 255 determines the average value (μ) ± standard deviation (σ ) is set as SOC.

FIG. 6 shows an example of the vehicle-by-vehicle SOC management information 217. As shown in the figure, the illustrated vehicle-by-vehicle SOC management information 217 is composed of one or more records having the following items: vehicle ID 611, SOC 612, target period 613, and usage reservation 614. One record of the vehicle-based SOC management information 217 corresponds to one vehicle 30.

Among the above items, the vehicle ID 611 stores the vehicle ID. The SOC value determined for the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 is stored in the SOC 612. The target period 613 stores information indicating a period (time of day, day of the week, etc.) to which the SOC is applied to the vehicle. The usage reservation 614 stores information indicating whether or not there is a usage reservation for the vehicle.

Returning to FIG. 3, the supply and demand balance adjustment command receiving unit 260 receives the supply and demand balance adjustment command from the supply and demand adjustment server 100, and manages the contents of the received adjustment command as the supply and demand balance adjustment command 218.

The battery charge/discharge control unit 265 transmits a control command to the vehicle 30 to charge or discharge the battery 31. For example, the battery charge/discharge control unit 265 transmits a control command to the vehicle 30 to charge or discharge the battery 31 so that the SOC of the battery 31 becomes the value of SOC 612 in the vehicle-specific SOC management information 217. In addition, for example, the battery charge/discharge control unit 265 transmits a control command to the vehicle 30 to charge or discharge the battery 31 in response to the supply and demand balance adjustment command 218.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating the main functions of the ECU 32 installed in the vehicle 30. As shown in the figure, the ECU 32 includes the following functions: a storage section 310, a storage battery information acquisition section 325, a storage battery information transmission section 327, a charge/discharge control command reception section 330, and a charge/discharge control section 335.

As shown in the figure, the storage unit 110 stores storage battery information 311. The storage battery information 311 includes various information acquired from the storage battery 31 in real time (whether or not it is connected to the power supply device 20 , the power supply ID of the connected power supply device 20 , the storage battery ID, the cumulative usage time of the storage battery 31 , the storage battery 31 (maximum capacity, charging voltage or discharging voltage of the storage battery 31, SOC of the storage battery 31, etc.).

The battery information acquisition unit 325 acquires the various types of information described above from the charge/discharge control device 33 and manages the acquired information as battery information 311.

The storage battery information transmitting unit 327 transmits real-time contents of the storage battery information 311 to the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200.

The charge/discharge control command receiving unit 330 receives control commands for charging or discharging the storage battery 31 sent from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 or the SOC management server 200.

The charge/discharge control unit 335 controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 according to the charge or discharge control command received from the charge/discharge control command receiving unit 330.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process performed by the SOC management server 200 regarding control of the SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 (hereinafter referred to as "SOC control process S800"). Note that the SOC control process S800 is performed for each vehicle 30 that is managed by the SOC management server 200. Further, the SOC control process S800 is repeatedly executed at preset timings such as every predetermined time. Hereinafter, the SOC control process S800 will be explained with reference to the same figure.

First, the SOC management server 200 acquires the weather forecast information 214 and determines whether the weather forecast information 214 includes a weather warning (whether a weather warning (approaching typhoon forecast, linear precipitation band forecast, etc.) has been issued for the area in which the power grid 3 is located) (S811-S812). If a weather warning is included (S812: YES), processing proceeds to S831. If a weather warning is not included (S812: NO), processing proceeds to S813.

In S831, the SOC management server 200 determines the SOC (e.g., determines the SOC required for disaster countermeasures (e.g., 100% (fully charged))) on the premise that a weather warning has been issued, and transmits a control command to the vehicle 30 to set the SOC of the storage battery 31 to the determined value (e.g., a charge command to fully charge the storage battery 31) (S832). After that, the process returns to S811.

In S813, the SOC management server 200 acquires the vehicle use reservation information 216 and determines whether or not a reservation for use of the vehicle 30 has been made (S814). If a reservation for use has been made (S814: YES), the process proceeds to S815. If no reservation for use has been made (S814: NO), the process proceeds to S817.

In S815, the SOC management server 200 determines the SOC on the premise that there is a usage reservation (S815). The vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determining unit 255 of the SOC management server 200 determines the SOC using the various methods described above.

Next, the SOC management server 200 transmits a control command to the vehicle 30 to bring the SOC of the storage battery 31 to the determined value in time for the vehicle 30 to start using the vehicle 30 (S816). Then, the process returns to S811.

In S817, the SOC management server 200 determines the SOC on the assumption that there is no usage reservation (S817). The vehicle-by-vehicle SOC determining unit 255 of the SOC management server 200 determines the SOC using the various methods described above.

Next, the SOC management server 200 transmits a control command to the vehicle 30 to set the SOC of the storage battery 31 to the determined value (S818). Then, the process returns to S711.

In addition, in each of the processes of S816, S818, and S832, when charging the storage battery 31, for example, the charging of the storage battery 31 may be controlled based on the power price prediction information 211 so that the electricity rate (power purchase rate) becomes low. Also, in each of the above processes, when discharging the storage battery 31, for example, the charging of the storage battery 31 may be controlled based on the power price prediction information 211 so that the electricity rate (power sale rate) becomes high.

In addition, if weather forecast information 214 including a weather warning is received during the execution of each process of S816, S818, and S832, for example, the SOC management server 200 may switch the current charge or discharge control to a control that achieves the SOC required for disaster prevention (e.g., 100% (fully charged)).

In addition, if the supply and demand balance adjustment command receiving unit 260 receives a supply and demand balance adjustment command from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 while the SOC control process S800 is being executed, the battery charge and discharge control unit 265 will, in principle, switch from controlling the battery 31 based on the vehicle-specific SOC management information 217 to controlling the battery 31 according to the supply and demand balance adjustment command 218 (controlling the charging or discharging of the battery 31 by giving priority to the supply and demand balance adjustment command).

As explained above, the SOC management server 200 estimates the power consumption amount (SOC change amount) in one usage opportunity of the vehicle 30 based on the usage history of the vehicle 30, and the SOC management server 200 The SOC of the storage battery 31 is determined and the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 is controlled so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 becomes the determined SOC. can be managed.

The SOC management server 200 also estimates the amount of power consumed (amount of SOC change) for each time period during one usage opportunity of the vehicle 30 based on the usage history of the vehicle 30, determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 for each time period of the vehicle 30 based on the estimated amount of power consumed, and controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 for each time period becomes the determined SOC. This allows the SOC of the storage battery 31 to be appropriately managed in consideration of the usage manner of the user's vehicle 30 for each time period.

The SOC management server 200 also estimates the power consumption (SOC change) for each day of the week during one use of the vehicle 30 based on the usage history of the vehicle 30, determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 for each day of the week based on the estimated power consumption, and controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 for each day of the week becomes the determined SOC. This allows the SOC of the storage battery 31 to be appropriately managed taking into account the usage pattern of the user's vehicle 30 for each day of the week. As a result, for example, if the vehicle 30 is a company or official vehicle and the usage of the vehicle 30 is low on Saturdays, Sundays, holidays, etc., the SOC can be set to a low value (e.g., 0%), ensuring a range for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power system.

In addition, when a reservation for use of the vehicle 30 is made, the SOC management server 200 sets the SOC of the storage battery 31 to a value required for that use, and controls the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 becomes the determined SOC by the start time of the reserved use, thereby ensuring convenience for the user of the vehicle 30.

Further, if there is no reservation for the use of the vehicle 30, the SOC management server 200 determines the SOC of the storage battery 31 to a predetermined value set in advance, and charges the storage battery 31 so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 becomes the determined SOC. Alternatively, since the discharge is controlled, if there is no reservation for use of the vehicle 30, the storage battery 31 can be effectively used as a resource for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power system 3.

Furthermore, if there is no reservation for the use of the vehicle 30, the SOC management server 200 determines the above-mentioned predetermined value according to the renewable energy output prediction information 212, so the SOC of the storage battery 31 is appropriately set in consideration of the renewable energy output. can be managed to a certain value.

In addition, when there is no reservation for use of the vehicle 30, the SOC management server 200 determines the above-mentioned predetermined value to a value according to the power demand forecast information 213, so that the SOC of the storage battery 31 can be managed to an appropriate value taking into account the power demand.

Further, if there is no reservation for the use of the vehicle 30, the SOC management server 200 determines the above-mentioned predetermined value to be a value (a value required for disaster countermeasures) according to the weather forecast information 214 of the area where the electric power system exists. Therefore, the SOC of the storage battery 31 can be managed to an appropriate value in consideration of weather forecast information.

Furthermore, when charging the storage battery 31, the SOC management server 200 controls the charging of the storage battery 31 so that the electricity rate (power purchase fee) is reduced based on the electricity price prediction information 211. It is possible to provide an incentive for contributing to the adjustment of the supply and demand balance of the power system 3.

Furthermore, when discharging the storage battery 31, the SOC management server 200 controls the charging of the storage battery 31 so that the electricity rate (power sales rate) increases based on the electricity price prediction information 211. It is possible to provide incentives for contributing to adjusting the supply and demand balance of the power system 3.

As described above, according to the power supply and demand control system 1 of the present embodiment, the SOC of the storage battery 31 of the vehicle 30 can be appropriately managed, and for example, absorption of surplus power in the power system 3 and adjustment of power shortage ( It is possible to flexibly respond to surplus power generation from renewable energy, increased DR directives, peak cuts, lower DR directives, etc.). Therefore, the supply and demand balance of the power system 3 can be stably controlled using the storage battery 31 mounted on the vehicle 30 as a resource.

<Example of information processing device>
FIG. 9 is an example of the hardware configuration of an information processing device used to implement the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200. The illustrated information processing device 10 includes a processor 11, a main storage device 12, an auxiliary storage device 13, an input device 14, an output device 15, and a communication device 16. Specific examples of the information processing device 10 include personal computers, office computers, various server devices, general-purpose machines, and the like. The information processing device 10 is realized in whole or in part using virtual information processing resources provided using virtualization technology, such as a virtual server provided by a cloud system. There may be. The supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 may be realized using a plurality of information processing devices 10 that are communicably connected.

In the figure, the processor 11 is configured using, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) chip, etc.

The main storage device 12 is a device that stores programs and data, and is, for example, a ROM (Read Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a nonvolatile memory (NVRAM (Non Volatile RAM)), or the like.

The auxiliary storage device 13 is, for example, an SSD (Solid State Drive), a hard disk drive, an optical storage device (CD (Compact Disc), DVD (Digital Versatile Disc), etc.), a storage system, an IC card, an SD card, or an optical recording device. These are a reading/writing device for a recording medium such as a medium, a storage area of a cloud server, etc. Programs and data can be read into the auxiliary storage device 13 via a recording medium reading device or a communication device 16. Programs and data stored in the auxiliary storage device 13 are read into the main storage device 12 at any time.

The input device 14 is an interface that accepts input from the outside, and is, for example, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch panel, a card reader, a pen-input tablet, a voice input device, etc.

The output device 15 is an interface that outputs various information such as the progress of processing and the results of processing. The output device 15 is, for example, a display device (LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), graphics card, etc.) that visualizes the various information described above, a device that converts the various information described above into audio (audio output device (speaker, etc.)), or a device that converts the various information described above into text (printer, etc.). Note that, for example, the information processing device 10 may be configured to input and output information to and from other devices via the communication device 16.

The input device 14 and output device 15 constitute a user interface that accepts information from the user and presents information.

The communication device 16 is a device that realizes communication (wired communication or wireless communication) with other devices via a communication infrastructure such as the communication network 5, and includes, for example, a NIC (Network Interface Card), a wireless communication module, etc. , USB module, etc.

The information processing device 10 may be equipped with, for example, an operating system, a file system, a DBMS (DataBase Management System) (relational database, NoSQL, etc.), a KVS (Key-Value Store), etc.

The functions provided by the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 can be performed by the processor 11 of the information processing device 10 reading and executing a program stored in the main storage device 12, or by the function provided by the supply and demand adjustment server 100 or the SOC management server. This is realized by the functions of the hardware (FPGA, ASIC, AI chip, etc.) that constitutes the server 200 itself. The supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200 store the various types of information (data) described above, for example, as tables in a database or files managed by a file system.

<Conclusion>
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, the above description is for facilitating understanding of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. The present invention may be modified and improved without departing from its spirit, and it goes without saying that the present invention includes equivalents thereof. For example, the embodiments described above are described in detail to explain the present invention in an easy-to-understand manner, and the present invention is not necessarily limited to having all the configurations described. Furthermore, it is possible to add, delete, or replace some of the configurations of the above embodiments with other configurations.

For example, in the above, a mechanism for controlling the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 and a mechanism for monitoring the status of the storage battery 31 are provided on the vehicle 30 side, but these mechanisms may be provided on the power supply device 20 side, and the power supply device 20 may provide information on the status of the storage battery 31 to the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200, receive control commands for charging or discharging from the supply and demand adjustment server 100 and the SOC management server 200, and control the charging or discharging of the storage battery 31 in response to the control commands.

1 Electric power supply and demand control system, 3 Electric power system, 5 Communication network, 7 Information providing server, 20 Power supply device, 30 Vehicle, 31 Storage battery, 32 ECU, 33 Charge and discharge control device, 100 Supply and demand adjustment server, 111 Electric power supply and demand status information, 110 Memory unit, 125 Supply and demand balance adjustment unit, 200 SOC management server, 210 Memory unit, 211 Electric power price forecast information, 212 Renewable energy output forecast information, 213 Electric power demand forecast information, 214 Weather forecast information, 215 Vehicle usage history information, 216 Vehicle usage reservation information, 217 Vehicle-specific SOC management information, 218 Supply and demand balance adjustment command, 219 Calendar information, 220 Information acquisition management unit, 225 Electric power price forecast unit, 230 Renewable energy output forecast unit, 235 Electric power demand forecast unit, 240 Weather forecast unit, 245 Vehicle usage history management unit, 250 Vehicle use reservation reception unit, 255 Vehicle-specific SOC determination unit, 260 Supply and demand balance adjustment command reception unit, 265 Battery charge and discharge control unit, S800 SOC control processing

Claims (15)

An electric power supply and demand control system that adjusts the supply and demand balance of the electric power system by controlling charging or discharging of a storage battery installed in a vehicle connected to the electric power system, the system comprising:
an SOC management server that is an information processing device having a processor and a storage device;
A vehicle having a storage battery and an information processing device that controls charging or discharging of the storage battery;
including;
The SOC management server and the vehicle are communicably connected,
The SOC management server is
storing past usage records of the vehicle;
Based on the usage history, estimate the amount of power consumed in one usage opportunity of the vehicle,
determining the SOC of the storage battery of the vehicle based on the estimated power consumption;
Controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the determined SOC,
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 1,
The SOC management server is
Based on the usage history, estimate the amount of power consumed for each time period in one usage opportunity of the vehicle,
Determining the SOC of the storage battery for each time period based on the estimated power consumption,
Controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery for each time period becomes the determined SOC,
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 1,
The SOC management server is
Based on the usage record, estimating the power consumption amount for each day of the week when the vehicle is used once,
Determining the SOC of the storage battery for each day of the week based on the estimated power consumption,
Controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery for each day of the week becomes the determined SOC,
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The SOC management server is
Stores time-series forecast information of electricity prices,
Controlling the charging of the storage battery based on the prediction information so that the electricity purchase fee is reduced;
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The SOC management server includes:
Store forecast information of time series of electricity prices;
Based on the prediction information, the discharge of the storage battery is controlled so that the electricity selling rate is increased.
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The SOC management server is
storing information indicating whether there is a reservation for use of the vehicle;
If there is the reservation, the SOC of the storage battery is determined to be the value required for the use,
controlling charging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the SOC determined by the usage start time of the reservation;
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 6,
The SOC management server includes:
Store forecast information of time series of electricity prices;
controlling the charging of the storage battery so as to reduce the electricity purchase fee based on the prediction information up to the reserved usage start time;
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 6,
The SOC management server includes:
Store forecast information of time series of electricity prices;
controlling the discharge of the storage battery so that the power selling rate becomes higher based on the prediction information up to the reserved usage start time;
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The SOC management server includes:
storing information indicating whether or not the use of the vehicle is reserved;
If there is no reservation, the SOC of the storage battery is determined to be a preset value;
Controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the determined value.
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 9,
The SOC management server is
storing prediction information of renewable energy output in the power system;
determining the SOC to a value according to the prediction information;
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 9,
The SOC management server is
storing power demand forecast information of the power system;
determining the SOC to a value according to the power demand forecast information;
Electricity supply and demand control system. The power supply and demand control system according to claim 9,
The SOC management server is
Obtaining weather forecast information for the region where the power system exists,
If the weather forecast information includes a weather warning, determining the SOC to a value required for disaster countermeasures;
Electricity supply and demand control system. An electric power supply and demand control method for adjusting the supply and demand balance of the electric power system by controlling charging or discharging of a storage battery mounted on a vehicle connected to the electric power system, the method comprising:
The SOC management server, which is an information processing device having a processor and a storage device,
a step of memorizing past usage records of the vehicle;
estimating the amount of power consumed in one usage opportunity of the vehicle based on the usage history;
determining the SOC of the storage battery of the vehicle based on the estimated power consumption; and
controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery becomes the determined SOC;
Electricity supply and demand control method. The power supply and demand control method according to claim 13,
The SOC management server
estimating the amount of power consumption for each time period in one usage opportunity of the vehicle based on the usage record;
determining the SOC of the storage battery for each time period based on the estimated power consumption; and
controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery for each time period becomes the determined SOC;
A power supply and demand control method that further performs the following. The power supply and demand control method according to claim 13,
The SOC management server
estimating the power consumption amount for each day of the week when the vehicle is used once, based on the usage record;
determining the SOC of the storage battery for each day of the week based on the estimated power consumption;
controlling charging or discharging of the storage battery so that the SOC of the storage battery for each day of the week becomes the determined SOC;
A power supply and demand control method that further performs the following.

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