JP2023531870A - デュアルフューエルエンジンのための排気処理システム - Google Patents
デュアルフューエルエンジンのための排気処理システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP2023531870A JP2023531870A JP2022571292A JP2022571292A JP2023531870A JP 2023531870 A JP2023531870 A JP 2023531870A JP 2022571292 A JP2022571292 A JP 2022571292A JP 2022571292 A JP2022571292 A JP 2022571292A JP 2023531870 A JP2023531870 A JP 2023531870A
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 116
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 73
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
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- IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dicalcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O IQDXNHZDRQHKEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YDIQKOIXOOOXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H dialuminum;trisulfite Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O.[O-]S([O-])=O YDIQKOIXOOOXQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Fe+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O PVFSDGKDKFSOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N propan-2-yl (e)-but-2-enoate Chemical compound C\C=C\C(=O)OC(C)C AABBHSMFGKYLKE-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052642 spodumene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003878 thermal aging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N trifluralin Chemical compound CCCN(CCC)C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C(C(F)(F)F)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O ZSDSQXJSNMTJDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052649 zeolite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F02D19/0644—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with pluralities of fuels, e.g. alternatively with light and heavy fuel oil, other than engines indifferent to the fuel consumed characterised by the type of fuels at least one fuel being gaseous, the other fuels being gaseous or liquid at standard conditions the gaseous fuel being hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
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- B01J29/78—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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Abstract
Description
炭化水素燃料及び水素の両方を燃焼させるエンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物と、
任意選択的に、酸化触媒組成物より下流の基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物と、
任意選択的に、炭化水素燃料及び水素の両方を燃焼させるエンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒組成物と、を含む、排出物処理システム。
(i)エンジン始動後、最大約300秒、又は
(ii)エンジンから出る排気ガスの温度(つまり、排出物処理システムの任意の触媒成分の上流の排気温度)が300℃未満である時間のいずれかである、実施形態3に記載の排出物処理システム。
炭化水素燃料及び水素燃料の両方を燃焼させるように適合され、排気ガス流を生成するエンジンと、
エンジンと流体連通する炭化水素燃料源と、
エンジンと流体連通する水素燃料源と、
エンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物と、
任意選択的に、酸化触媒組成物より下流の基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物と、
任意選択的に、エンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒組成物と、を含む、燃焼システム。
(i)エンジン始動後、最大約300秒、又は
(ii)エンジンから出る排気ガスの温度が300℃未満である時間のいずれかである、実施形態24に記載の燃焼システム。
炭化水素燃料及び水素燃料の両方を燃焼させるように適合されたエンジンから排気ガス流を受け取ることであって、受け取るステップが、水素燃料を燃焼させることによって生成された排気ガスを断続的に受け取ることを含む、受け取ることと、
排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物を含む酸化触媒物品に排気ガス流を通過させて、第1の流出物を生成することと、
任意選択的に、酸化触媒物品より下流にある基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物を含むSCR物品の中に第1の流出物を受け取ることと、
任意選択的に、排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された三元変換触媒組成物を含む少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒物品に排気ガス流を通過させることと、を含む、方法。
(i)エンジン始動後、最大約300秒、又は
(ii)エンジンから出る排気ガスの温度が300℃未満である時間のいずれかである、実施形態30に記載の方法。
炭化水素燃料及び水素の両方を燃焼させるエンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設されたTWC触媒組成物と、
任意選択的に、TWC触媒組成物より下流にある基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物と、を含む、排出物処理システムを提供する。
本発明の排気ガス処理システム及び方法では、排気ガス流は、上流端に進入し、下流端から退出することによって、物品又は処理システムを通過する。本明細書で使用される場合、基材の「入口」端は、「上流」端又は「前」端と同義である。本明細書で使用される場合、「出口」端は、「下流」端又は「後」端と同義である。基材は、長さ及び直径を有するであろう。
炭化水素燃料及び水素燃料を含む燃料源を燃焼させるように適合され、排気ガス流を生成するエンジンと、
エンジンと流体連通する炭化水素燃料源と、
エンジンと流体連通する水素燃料源と、
エンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物と、
任意選択的に、酸化触媒組成物より下流の基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物と、
任意選択的に、エンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒組成物と、を含む、燃焼システムを提供する。
酸化触媒は、例えば<250℃の比較的低い温度で、排気ガスのNOx、並びに/又はCO及び/若しくはHC成分を酸化するのに好適である。好適な酸化触媒は、耐火性金属酸化物担体に分散された白金族金属(PGM)を含み得る。
SCR物品に使用されるSCR組成物は、本明細書に記載される1つ以上のSCR触媒組成物を含み得る。ある特定の実施形態では、SCR組成物は、例えば、例えば<250℃の低温及び約250℃~約550℃の高温などの2つの異なる温度範囲で動作するのに効果的である。例えば、ある特定の実施形態では、SCRコーティング組成物は、耐火性金属酸化物上に配設されたPGM成分を含む第1のSCR触媒、及び第2の卑金属含有モレキュラーシーブSCR触媒を含む。
理論空燃条件又はそれに近い条件で動作するガソリンエンジンによって電力供給された車両からの排気ガスは、典型的には、排気中の窒素酸化物(NOx)、一酸化炭素(CO)、及び炭化水素(HC)汚染物質を排除するのに効果的である三元触媒(TWC)で処理される。典型的には、TWC触媒は、例えばパラジウム及び/又はロジウム、並びに任意選択的に白金などの1つ以上の白金族金属と、酸素貯蔵成分と、を含む。ある特定の実施形態では、TWC触媒組成物で利用されるPGM成分の量は、酸化触媒に関して上に記述されたものと概ね同じであり得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、有用な基材は、円柱に類似する、長さ、直径、及び体積を有する、三次元である。形状は、必ずしも円柱に一致する必要はない。長さは、入口端部及び出口端部によって画定される軸方向長さである。1つ以上の実施形態によれば、開示される組成物のための基材は、自動車触媒を調製するために典型的に使用されるあらゆる材料から構成され得、典型的には、金属又はセラミックのハニカム構造を含む。基材は、典型的には、ウォッシュコート組成物が塗布されかつ付着している複数の壁面を提供し、それによって触媒組成物の基材として機能する。
いくつかの実施形態では、基材は、フロースルー基材(例えば、フロースルーハニカムモノリシック基材を含むモノリシック基材)である。フロースルー基材は、通路が流体流に対して開いているように、基材の入口端部から出口端部まで延在している微細で平行なガス流路を有する。流体入口から流体出口まで本質的に直線的な経路である通路は、通路を通って流れるガスが触媒材料と接触するように触媒コーティングが配設されている壁によって画定されている。フロースルー基材の流路は、薄い壁のチャネルであり、台形、長方形、正方形、正弦波、六角形、楕円形、円形などのあらゆる好適な断面形状及びサイズであり得る。フロースルー基材は、上記のようにセラミック又は金属であり得る。
いくつかの実施形態では、基材はウォールフローフィルタであり、これは一般に、基材の長手方向軸線に沿って延在する複数の微細で実質的に平行なガス流路を有する。典型的には、各通路は、基材本体の一端で遮断され、代替の通路は、反対の端面で遮断される。このようなモノリシックウォールフローフィルタ基材は、断面の平方インチ当たり最大約900以上の流路(又は「セル」)を含有してもよいが、はるかに少ない数が使用されてもよい。例えば、基材は、例えば約100~400などの、約7~600セル毎平方インチ(「cpsi」)を有し得る。セルは、長方形、正方形、円形、楕円形、三角形、六角形、又は他の多角形である断面を有することができる。
DOC触媒物品を以下のように形成した。Pd(0.5重量%)、Ba(0.8重量%)、及びPt(0.3重量%)を含浸させた、粉砕されたアルミナ粉末を含有するボトムコート触媒スラリーを調製し、硝酸で4.5~5.0のpHに調整した。ボトムコートスラリーは、38重量%の固形物含有量を有していた。アルミナ/5重量%のMn、及びPt-アミン(3.3重量%)を含有するトップコートスラリーを調製し、粉砕し、硝酸で4.5~5.0のpHに調整した。トップコートスラリーは、37重量%の固形物濃度を有していた。ゼオライトベータ(0.35g/in3)をトップコートスラリーに添加した。
粉砕されたCuCHA(3.3重量%のCu)及び5重量%の酢酸ジルコニウム結合剤を含有する触媒スラリーを調製し、ウォッシュコート技術を介して、64.4cm3の体積を有する400cpsi、1インチ×5インチのフロースルーハニカム基材に塗布した。コーティングされたコアを130℃で乾燥させ、550℃で1時間焼成して、2.85g/in3のコーティング充填量が提供された。
試料を、DOCのすぐ前に、H2パルスの供給源として役立つH2/N2のための別個の供給ラインを備えたシミュレートされたNEDC(新欧州ドライビングサイクル)を実施するために装備した実験室反応器内で評価した。水素を、最初の200又は300秒中に1%の供給ガス中の水素濃度で排気流にパルス供給した。水素注入を、H2/N2供給ガス中の別個の(予熱されていない)ラインを介して実行した。NH3を、秒単位で、1のNH3/NOx比でSCR触媒の前に注入した。DOCの前に、200又は300秒のH2注入を使用して、システムを試験した。このシステムを、ディーゼル燃料に切り替える前に、H2燃料を使用するエンジンでも200及び300秒間試験した(排出物処理システムにおけるH2注入なしで)。H2を燃料として使用したときと、H2をDOCの前に注入したときとの比較を単純化するために、性能の利益は基準に基づいていた(つまり、H2が関与しない場合と比較して、0%として)。総炭化水素(THC)及び一酸化炭素(CO)排出物を、各試験条件ごとにDOC物品の出口で測定した。
H2燃料は、ディーゼルよりも低い潜熱エネルギーを有するため、DOCの入口温度は、追加のH2燃料(例えば、圧縮されたH2供給)を使用しない限り、旧来のディーゼルエンジンと同じではない場合がある(つまり、DOCの入口温度はより低いはずである)。コールドスタート中に追加のH2燃料を使用しないと仮定すると、ディーゼルとH2との間の潜熱の差を類似させるように、より低いDOC入口温度で走行を実施した。
Claims (35)
- 炭化水素燃料及び水素の両方を燃焼させるエンジンから排出された排気ガス流の処理のための排出物処理システムであって、
炭化水素燃料及び水素の両方を燃焼させるエンジンから排出された排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物と、
任意選択的に、前記酸化触媒組成物より下流にある基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物と、
任意選択的に、炭化水素燃料及び水素の両方を燃焼させる前記エンジンから排出された前記排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒組成物と、を含む、排出物処理システム。 - 前記エンジンが、水素の断続燃焼のために構成されている、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記エンジンが、コールドスタート期間中に水素を燃焼させるように構成されている、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記コールドスタート期間が、
(i)エンジン始動後、最大約300秒、又は
(ii)エンジンから出る排気ガスの温度が300℃未満である時間のいずれかである、請求項3に記載の排出物処理システム。 - 前記エンジンが、炭化水素燃料源及び水素燃料源と流体連通している、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記炭化水素燃料源が、ガソリン、ディーゼル、及び圧縮された天然ガスから選択される燃料を含む、請求項5に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記水素燃料源が、水素貯蔵物品を含み、前記水素貯蔵物品が、任意選択的に水電解装置と流体連通している、請求項5に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物及び前記少なくとも1つのTWC触媒組成物のうちの少なくとも1つが、耐火性金属酸化物担体上に分散された少なくとも1つの白金族金属成分を含む、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物及び前記少なくとも1つのTWC触媒組成物のうちの少なくとも1つが、前記組成物を担持する前記基材の体積に基づいて、約5g/ft3~約250g/ft3の範囲の少なくとも1つの白金族金属成分を含む、請求項8に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記酸化触媒組成物又は前記少なくとも1つのTWC触媒組成物を担持する前記基材が、フロースルーモノリス又はモノリシックウォールフローフィルタである、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記フロースルーモノリスが、セラミック、金属、複合材、繊維、又はそれらの組み合わせを含む、請求項10に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのSCR組成物を担持する前記基材が、フロースルーモノリス又はモノリシックウォールフローフィルタである、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのSCR組成物が、卑金属含有モレキュラーシーブ、耐火性金属酸化物担体上に分散された白金族金属成分、及びそれらの組み合わせから選択される、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記卑金属が、銅及び/又は鉄を含む、請求項13に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが、8員環又は10員環の小細孔モレキュラーシーブのいずれかである、請求項13に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが、AEI、AFT、AFX、CHA、EAB、ERI、FER、KFI、LEV、SAS、SAT、及びSAVから選択される構造を有するゼオライトである、請求項13に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブが、CHA結晶構造及び約1~約1000のシリカ対アルミナ比を有するアルミノシリケートゼオライトである、請求項13に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記卑金属が、前記卑金属含有モレキュラーシーブの総重量に基づいて、約0.1重量%~約10重量%で前記モレキュラーシーブ中に存在する、請求項13に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つのSCR触媒組成物が、前記少なくとも1つのSCR触媒組成物を担持する前記基材の体積に基づいて、約5g/ft3~約250g/ft3の白金族金属成分を含む、請求項13に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記システムが、基材上に配設された前記酸化触媒組成物、及び基材上に配設された任意選択的な少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物を除いて、前記排出物処理システム内に任意の更なる排出物処理ユニットを含まない、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物の上流にあり、かつそれと流体連通し、前記少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物の上流にアンモニア又はアンモニア前駆体を導入するように構成された、インジェクタを更に含む、請求項1に記載の排出物処理システム。
- 処理された排気流を生成する燃焼システムであって、
炭化水素燃料及び水素燃料を含む燃料源を燃焼させるように適合され、排気ガス流を生成するエンジンと、
前記エンジンと流体連通する炭化水素燃料源と、
前記エンジンと流体連通する水素燃料源と、
前記エンジンから排出された前記排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物と、
任意選択的に、前記酸化触媒組成物より下流にある基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物と、
任意選択的に、前記エンジンから排出された前記排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒組成物と、を含む、燃焼システム。 - 前記エンジンが、水素の断続燃焼のために構成されている、請求項22に記載の燃焼システム。
- 前記エンジンが、コールドスタート期間中に水素を燃焼させるように構成されている、請求項22に記載の燃焼システム。
- 前記コールドスタート期間が、
(i)エンジン始動後、最大約300秒、又は
(ii)エンジンから出る排気ガスの温度が300℃未満である時間のいずれかである、請求項24に記載の燃焼システム。 - 前記炭化水素燃料源が、ガソリン、ディーゼル、及び圧縮された天然ガスから選択される燃料を含む、請求項22に記載の燃焼システム。
- 前記水素燃料源が、水素貯蔵物品及び水電解装置から選択される少なくとも1つの構成要素を含む、請求項22に記載の燃焼システム。
- 前記少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物の上流にあり、かつそれと流体連通し、前記少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物の上流にアンモニア又はアンモニア前駆体を導入するように構成された、インジェクタを更に含む、請求項22に記載の燃焼システム。
- 排気ガス流を処理する方法であって、
炭化水素燃料及び水素燃料の両方を燃焼させるように適合されたエンジンから排気ガス流を受け取ることであって、受け取るステップが、前記水素燃料を燃焼させることによって生成された排気ガスを断続的に受け取ることを含む、受け取ることと、
前記排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された酸化触媒組成物を含む酸化触媒物品に前記排気ガス流を通過させて、第1の流出物を生成することと、
任意選択的に、前記酸化触媒物品より下流にある基材上に配設された少なくとも1つの選択的触媒還元(SCR)組成物を含むSCR物品の中に前記第1の流出物を受け取ることと、
任意選択的に、排気ガス流と流体連通する基材上に配設された三元変換触媒組成物を含む少なくとも1つの三元変換(TWC)触媒物品に前記排気ガス流を通過させることと、を含む、方法。 - 前記水素燃料を燃焼させることによって生成された排気ガスを断続的に受け取ることが、コールドスタート期間中に前記水素燃料を燃焼させることによって生成された排気ガスを受け取ることを含む、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記コールドスタート期間が、
(i)エンジン始動後、最大約300秒、又は
(ii)エンジンから出る排気ガスの温度が300℃未満である時間のいずれかである、請求項30に記載の方法。 - 前記エンジンが、炭化水素燃料源及び水素燃料源と流体連通している、請求項29に記載の方法。
- 前記炭化水素燃料源が、ガソリン、ディーゼル、及び圧縮された天然ガスから選択される燃料を含む、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 前記水素燃料源が、水素貯蔵物品を含み、前記水素貯蔵物品が、任意選択的に、水電解装置と流体連通している、請求項32に記載の方法。
- 水電解を通して水素燃料を形成することを更に含む、請求項34に記載の方法。
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KR102471294B1 (ko) * | 2017-04-04 | 2022-11-29 | 바스프 코포레이션 | 수소-보조된 통합된 배출물 제어 시스템 |
US10830161B2 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2020-11-10 | Svmtech, Llc | System and process for improving emission performance in engines |
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- 2021-06-15 EP EP21825174.2A patent/EP4165290A1/en active Pending
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BR112022025417A2 (pt) | 2023-01-24 |
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EP4165290A1 (en) | 2023-04-19 |
CN115885093A (zh) | 2023-03-31 |
WO2021257549A1 (en) | 2021-12-23 |
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