JP2023519829A - Ammonia storage and delivery system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an ammonia storage and delivery system (1). According to the present invention, such an ammonia storage and delivery system (1) is a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges (10) each comprising storage means (11) and first heating means. A plurality of ammonia storage cartridges (10) comprising a first internal pressure regulating means (12), a first inlet valve (13) and a first outlet valve (14), and for each cartridge another cartridge a first filling or refilling line (30) connecting a plurality of cartridges (10) and a second inlet A first fill or refill line (30) comprising a valve (31) and an ammonia delivery line (40) connecting a plurality of cartridges (10), a pressure sensor (42) and a metering device (43). ) and a second outlet valve (41) that can be selectively alternated between open and closed positions.

Description

The present invention relates to an ammonia storage and delivery system and a motor vehicle comprising the ammonia storage and delivery system. The invention further relates to a method of refilling an ammonia storage and delivery system. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of starting an ammonia storage and delivery system and a method of regulating the ammonia delivery of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The present invention relates generally to the storage of ammonia, particularly in reduction applications by selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, commonly referred to as NOx, enabling the reduction of pollutant emissions from heat engines, especially diesel engines. applications, and also in the field of fuel cells.

Thus, as the automotive sector seeks less polluting solutions, the potential applications of gas storage are becoming more and more widespread. Solid materials that absorb gases are of particular interest because they push the two traditional limits of gas storage: density and safety. Establishing new, simple, powerful and easily manufacturable solutions for gas storage by such absorbent materials is an important medium-term challenge for the automotive industry.

Also, storage systems for gas-absorbing materials must comply with certain technical constraints. In fact, the system must have a high degree of autonomy, thus making maximum use of the internal volume available for the gas-absorbing material. On the one hand, the storage system should be compact enough to be easily incorporated into a vehicle. Achieving large tanks capable of withstanding high pressures presents challenges in terms of design, implementation and maintenance. In fact, there are limitations in fabricating non-cylindrical shaped storage tanks, which add bulk and weight to existing storage systems.

As such, current technology has provided a single storage tank containing the gas storage material. Such a solution has the disadvantage that large single tanks are difficult to control. In practice, such tanks are difficult to control during the application phase, ie the gas desorption phase, of the vehicle in operation. This is because in such tanks it is difficult to obtain fast response times while maintaining pressure control accuracy and dynamics. Also, such storage tanks require enormous energy requirements to accomplish gas desorption. Moreover, a large single tank is difficult to control during its refilling phase, ie its absorption phase, especially if the absorption time is long.

Therefore, the difficulty of thermal management of the gas storage material, the compactness of the gas storage and delivery system, its weight, its use, its manufacturing cost, human resources during maintenance, etc. A number of constraints must be taken into account, such as engineering and even its refilling.

Therefore, it has been proposed to use a plurality of storage tanks and to have a system in which the plurality of tanks cooperate with each other. This method improves both the performance of the storage system by improving the thermal management of the storage material and the integration of the system, especially by utilizing multiple small storage tanks which simplifies the integration into the vehicle, as well as the compactness. Improved ergonomics during maintenance can also be obtained through the removal of multiple lightweight tanks.

There are ammonia gas storage systems that are divided into multiple cartridges so that heating can be limited to only a portion of the storage material. Such storage systems with multiple cartridges, on the other hand, are commensurate with the manufacturing costs associated with the large number of cells and equipment involved.

Furthermore, for such systems with multiple cartridges, it is still not straightforward to perform operations such as ammonia delivery, pressure management, or management of ammonia remaining in each cartridge. Compactness issues also arise in such systems. As such, such systems require a large number of cartridges of small capacity, resulting in an overall large amount of material, control components, and fasteners, latches, and even heat shields. The number of components for incorporating the system into automobiles will also increase. Additionally, and above all, there are safety concerns when recharging on-board systems.

In order to be able to solve these problems associated with storage systems for solid ammonia, the current technology proposes various storage systems for solid ammonia. Among other proposed solutions, US Pat. system is disclosed. However, the ammonia storage system shown in this document does not allow easy on-board replenishment. Furthermore, the safety mechanisms described in this ammonia storage system are not sufficient to allow refilling of the ammonia storage system under optimal safety conditions.

EP-A-2181963

The present invention aims, inter alia, to remedy such drawbacks of the prior art.

It is a further object of the present invention, in at least one of its embodiments, to provide a gaseous ammonia storage and delivery system that allows optimized activation of ammonia storage and delivery.

Another object of the present invention, at least in one of its embodiments, is to implement an improved method of replenishing ammonia storage and delivery systems.

It is also an object of the present invention, at least in one of its embodiments, to provide an improved method of regulating ammonia in an ammonia storage and delivery system.

It is also an object of the invention to provide a motor vehicle with an ammonia storage and delivery system.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to one embodiment, the present invention relates to an ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to the present invention, such an ammonia storage and supply system comprises at least a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges, each cartridge comprising an ammonia storage means and a third cartridge for regulating the internal pressure of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges. 1 internal pressure regulating means, comprising: a first internal pressure regulating means having a first heating means; a first inlet valve of pilot or check valve type; and a pilot or check valve type and an operating device, preferably common to the plurality of cartridges, for operating ammonia storage and delivery for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges. and a first ammonia fill or refill line connecting the plurality of cartridges, the first ammonia fill or refill line comprising a second inlet valve connecting the plurality of cartridges. an ammonia delivery line, comprising: a pressure sensor; an ammonia metering device; and a second outlet valve capable of selectively alternating between an open position and a closed position; configured to discharge excess ammonia in the delivery system to the side of the refueling station after the refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system; an ammonia delivery line comprising a second outlet valve configured to shut off.

The underlying principle of the present invention relies on optimizing the management of ammonia storage and delivery within the ammonia storage and delivery system and improving the safety conditions for refueling the ammonia storage and delivery system while on board a motor vehicle. and

The present invention is therefore based on a completely new and inventive implementation approach to an ammonia storage and delivery system, the ammonia storage and delivery system being a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges, each cartridge comprising an ammonia storage means. and a first internal pressure regulating means for regulating the internal pressure of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, the first internal pressure regulating means having a first heating means, and a pilot valve or check valve type and an operating device, preferably common to the plurality of cartridges, for storing and delivering ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges. a first ammonia filling or refilling line connecting a plurality of cartridges, the first ammonia filling or refilling line comprising a second inlet valve; a plurality of An ammonia delivery line connecting the cartridges, the pressure sensor, an ammonia metering device, and a second outlet valve capable of selectively alternating between an open position and a closed position, the open position comprising: configured to discharge excess ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system to the side of the refueling station after a refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system; and an ammonia delivery line comprising a second outlet valve configured to shut off the delivery system.

The expression "multiple cartridges" means that the ammonia storage and delivery system has at least two ammonia storage cartridges. That is, the ammonia storage and delivery system includes n+2 (where n is a natural number) ammonia storage cartridges. Said cartridges of a plurality of cartridges enable the storage and delivery of ammonia in the ammonia delivery line of the storage and delivery system, especially during the operating phase of said storage and delivery system.

The term "ammonia storage means" refers to an ammonia storage material that stores and delivers ammonia, ie absorbs and/or adsorbs and desorbs ammonia. Preferably, the ammonia storage material is a solid material, more preferably the ammonia storage material is a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride. Besides, the storage material can further comprise additives that form a composite material together with the salt, which can in particular increase the thermal conductivity and mechanical strength of the material. This additive can include metals, carbon fibers or expanded graphite.

Ammonia in an ammonia storage and delivery system is in various physical states during various operations specific to each step performed during the storage or delivery of ammonia by such systems. Indeed, during the replenishment phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system, the ammonia is preferably in liquid phase. During the ammonia storage stage, the ammonia is preferably in a solid state, whereby it is preferably gaseous by the first heating means during regulation of the internal pressure of each of the plurality of cartridges, whereby the ammonia delivery line is , thereby allowing ammonia consumption by the ammonia consuming device.

The expression "ammonia is solid" refers to a state in which ammonia is adsorbed and/or absorbed by the ammonia storage means.

The expression "ammonia consuming device" refers to a device to which ammonia delivered from the ammonia storage and delivery system is destined. In other words, it is a device that requires ammonia. The ammonia consuming device is preferably a fuel cell or a combustion engine, more preferably a combustion engine.

The expression "first internal pressure regulating means" means that the first internal pressure regulating means of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges comprises heating means. Said heating means comprises a fluid circulation circuit, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. Preferably, the heating means comprises a cooling device for the ammonia consuming device in the form of a cooling fluid circuit, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

In fact, said cooling device can cool the ammonia consuming device. At the exit of the cooling circuit of the ammonia consuming device, the temperature of the cooling fluid, preferably aqueous fluid, more preferably water, of the cooling device is sufficiently hot to heat the multiple cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system. In practice, the temperature in the cooling device is preferably 90 degrees Celsius.

A first ammonia fill or refill line can pass ammonia from outside to inside the cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system through the first inlet valve. The first inlet valve is adapted to allow ammonia to enter one of the plurality of cartridges when the pressure in the ammonia fill or refill line exceeds the internal pressure of one of the plurality of cartridges. do. Said first inlet valve may be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a non-return type passive valve. As such, the first ammonia filling or refilling line and the first inlet valve are used during the replenishment and filling phases of the ammonia storage and ammonia delivery system. Thus, the first ammonia filling or refilling line is used especially for the ammonia absorption stage. The second inlet valve allows controlled refueling of the ammonia storage and delivery system while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system from the atmosphere, especially during the refueling phase. The ammonia in the first filling or refilling line is present in gas, liquid or gas-liquid two-phase form, preferably the ammonia is present in liquid or gas-liquid two-phase form, more preferably in liquid form. do.

An ammonia delivery line can pass ammonia through the first outlet valve and into and out of a storage cartridge in the ammonia storage and delivery system. The first outlet valve is capable of exiting ammonia, preferably gaseous, from one of the plurality of ammonia storage cartridges when the internal pressure of the cartridge exceeds the pressure of the ammonia delivery line. Said first outlet valve may be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a non-return type passive valve. Therefore, when one first outlet valve opens, the other first outlet valves close due to the pressure differential, and the opening of the first outlet valves pumps ammonia into the delivery line, causing a pressure rise in said line. caused, thereby closing the other first outlet valve. Indeed, in this case the pressure in the delivery line will be above a predetermined pressure at which the other first outlet valve can be opened. Thus, when delivering gaseous ammonia, a first ammonia delivery line and a first inlet valve are used.

The term "preferably common operating device for a plurality of cartridges" means that said operating device comprises ammonia delivery flow control means and/or internal pressure control means for a plurality of cartridges. Operation of the internal pressure adjusting means or ammonia delivery flow rate adjusting means of a plurality of cartridges allows each cartridge to be operated independently of the other cartridges. The operating device advantageously also controls each piloted valve of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The ammonia metering device comprises ammonia flow control means, said metering device being arranged at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line towards the ammonia consuming device, the ammonia delivery flow control means being for example a valve, preferably a pilot operated valve, A solenoid valve is more preferable.

Such an ammonia storage and delivery system is therefore particularly useful during the refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system, and more particularly by means of a second inlet valve arranged in the filling or refilling line. By limiting the volume of ammonia that can be exposed to the atmosphere when the delivery system is disconnected from the refueling station, the ammonia storage and delivery system can be isolated from the outside world. This will reduce potential ammonia leaks into the atmosphere. Additionally, such an ammonia storage and delivery system can indicate the end of replenishment of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to certain embodiments of the present invention, such an ammonia storage and delivery system comprises at least one ammonia storage cartridge containing storage material distributed among a plurality of mutually unobstructed communicating compartments. Each compartment of the same ammonia storage cartridge contains the same ammonia storage material and is controlled by the same internal pressure regulation means.

In one embodiment according to the present invention, such an ammonia storage and delivery system includes a plurality of temperature sensors located between a first outlet valve of a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges and an outlet of a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges. provided for each of the cartridges.

The expression "second outlet valve" refers to the discharge of excess ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system after the refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system to the refueling station side and the refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. A valve that can alternate between storing ammonia at the end and shutting off the delivery system. Said second outlet valve is disposed in the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system, preferably near the outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression "near the outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system" means an ammonia storage connected to the refueling station at the ammonia outlet position of the ammonia storage and delivery system directed to the refueling station during the refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. and part of the delivery system.

As such, the ammonia storage and delivery system includes an ammonia inflow and an ammonia outflow while preventing the release of ammonia into the atmosphere by shielding the ammonia storage and delivery system from the outside world. replenishment method can be implemented. This limits the volume of ammonia exposed to the atmosphere, especially during the refueling phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system, especially during disconnection of the ammonia storage and delivery system from the refueling station.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ammonia storage and delivery system is a flow diverter valve disposed in the flow diverter line to provide fluid communication between the first ammonia fill or refill line and the ammonia delivery line. Equipped with a valve.

The term "divert line" means that the ammonia storage and delivery system has fluid communication between the first ammonia fill or refill line and the ammonia delivery line, whereby excess diversion valves during the replenishment phase can Refers to enabling such operations as controlled venting of ammonia, or even enabling multiple ammonia storage cartridge refill operations to be performed.

The term "divider valve" refers to a valve arranged in a diverter line, preferably a pilot operated valve, more preferably a solenoid valve.

The diverter lines and diverter valves of the ammonia storage and delivery system then allow the ammonia fill or refill line and the ammonia delivery line to be isolated from the outside world, such as after a replenishment phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system, so that ammonia is released into the atmosphere. Controlled elimination of excess ammonia in an ammonia fill or refill line while preventing leakage.

Additionally, the diverter line and diverter valve of the ammonia storage and delivery system allow fluid communication between the ammonia fill or refill line and the ammonia delivery line to better control the flow of ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system. and thereby obtain optimization of ammonia regulation in the ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system comprises a first overpressure valve arranged in the ammonia delivery line and/or a second overpressure valve arranged in the overpressure line in parallel with the diverter line. .

The expression "first overpressure valve" refers to the valve that is in the open position when overpressure S1 is detected. The detection of said overpressure S1 is done in the ammonia delivery line by means of a pressure measurement by means of a pressure sensor arranged in the ammonia delivery line.

The expression "second overpressure valve" refers to the valve that is in the open position when overpressure S2 is detected. The detection of said overpressure S2 is done in the ammonia delivery line by means of a pressure measurement by means of a pressure sensor arranged in the ammonia delivery line. Said overpressure S2 is lower than the pressure at overpressure S1, but higher than the pressure if the diverter line and diverter valve are used when there is only excess ammonia in the ammonia delivery line. Thus, when the second overpressure valve is in the open position, the first overpressure valve is in the closed position, and vice versa. In the case of flow splitting operation, both the first overpressure valve and the second overpressure valve are in the closed position. All of these actions are either directed by the operating device or are passively orchestrated depending on the type of valve used.

Thus, the overpressure valve provides a controlled flow of ammonia into the ammonia storage and delivery system, providing the potential to accommodate an overpressure within the system without impairing the ammonia storage and delivery system, thereby reducing said overpressure. This reduces the time and allows longer use of such ammonia storage and delivery systems according to the present invention.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system has a first overpressure valve in fluid communication with the safety cartridge.

The expression "safety cartridge" refers to an ammonia storage cartridge that does not belong to the multiple cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system. It is called a safety cartridge because said cartridge can store ammonia when an overpressure S1 occurs in the delivery line. Indeed, at overpressure S2, ammonia can be refilled into multiple cartridges by means of a second overpressure valve in the ammonia filling or refilling line, or it can be expelled in a refilling phase.

The safety cartridge is initially empty and during the replenishment phase the excess ammonia can be expelled through the second outlet valve, but during the operational phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system the excess ammonia is recycled into multiple cartridges. A distribution is also possible, the ammonia passing in particular through a diverter valve.

As such, by providing fluid communication between the first overpressure valve and the safety cartridge, excess ammonia flowing through the ammonia storage and delivery system can be directed toward said safety cartridge, thereby releasing gas into the atmosphere. Leakage of ammonia can be limited while simultaneously preserving the ammonia storage and delivery system and limiting system degradation during such overpressure phases. Utilizing such a cartridge can advantageously indicate a malfunction of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system comprises a first cooling system, a second internal pressure regulation means with second heating means and an ammonia inlet which also functions as an ammonia outlet. at least a boot cartridge.

The expression "first cooling system" means a system capable of lowering the temperature of the first actuation cartridge, thereby facilitating the change of the ammonia from the gaseous state to the solid state to provide the first A system that allows faster refilling of start-up cartridges. The first cooling system comprises, by way of example, a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

The expression "second internal pressure regulating means" means that the internal pressure regulating means of the first actuation cartridge comprises second heating means, preferably a resistance.

The expression "ammonia inlet that also functions as an ammonia outlet" refers to ammonia entering at the same point where ammonia exits the first actuation cartridge. This means that there is only one route of fluid communication with the first actuation cartridge.

Thus, the first starting cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system should rapidly deliver a sufficient amount of ammonia until the multiple cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system are ready to deliver ammonia to the ammonia delivery line. can be done. Additionally, the cooling system of the first activating cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system can more efficiently refill said first activating cartridge. Thereby, the first start-up cartridge becomes operational more quickly for the new start-up phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The term "sufficient amount of ammonia" refers to the amount of ammonia necessary to operate the ammonia storage and delivery system during the operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

In fact, the first actuation cartridge can proactively deliver ammonia to the ammonia delivery line due to its superior ammonia delivery performance.

The term "performance" refers to ease of internal pressure regulation, high conductivity of the storage material, high heat capacity of the storage material, high thermal insulation of the storage cartridge, as well as different storage volumes of the cartridges. , preferably the first actuation cartridge is smaller in volume than one of the plurality of cartridges so that gaseous ammonia can be delivered quickly.

According to the above preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system is such that the ammonia inlet, which also functions as the ammonia outlet of said first actuation cartridge, is a second ammonia inlet, independent of the first ammonia filling or refilling line. is in fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line by a fill or refill line, said second ammonia fill or refill line being the ammonia delivery line, preferably said second ammonia fill or refill line being the first Equipped with a pilot operated valve.

The expression "first piloted valve" means a valve that allows the filling or refilling and delivery of the actuation cartridge, preferably on the second ammonia filling or refilling line and also the ammonia outlet. A valve disposed between an ammonia inlet and a connection that allows fluid communication with an ammonia delivery line.

As such, the first starting cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system quickly releases a sufficient amount of ammonia until the multiple cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system are ready to pump ammonia into the ammonia delivery line. can send out. Additionally, the cooling system of the first activating cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system allows for more efficient refilling of said first activating cartridge. As such, the first start-up cartridge can be more quickly armed for a new start-up phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. By providing an independent ammonia fill or refill line with a piloted valve in the first actuation cartridge, regulation of the ammonia storage and delivery system can be optimized.

According to an alternative embodiment to the two embodiments described above, the ammonia storage and delivery system comprises a second cooling system, a third internal pressure regulating means having a third heating means, a second A second actuation cartridge having a fluid connection with an ammonia delivery line, preferably including a pilot valve, and a fluid connection with a first ammonia fill or refill line.

The expression "secondary cooling system" is a system capable of lowering the temperature of the starting cartridge, thereby facilitating the change of the ammonia from a gaseous state to a solid state, allowing refilling of the starting cartridge. It refers to a system that can be made faster. The second cooling system comprises, by way of example, a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water.

The expression "third internal pressure regulating means" means that the internal pressure regulating means of the second actuation cartridge comprises a third heating means, preferably a resistance.

As such, the second start-up cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system according to this embodiment provides a sufficient amount of Ammonia can be delivered quickly. Additionally, the cooling system of the second priming cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system allows for more efficient refilling of said second priming cartridge. As such, the second start-up cartridge can be armed more quickly with a new start-up phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

According to a preferred embodiment, the ammonia storage and delivery system is preferably on the ammonia delivery line, upstream of the ammonia metering device of the ammonia storage and delivery system, more preferably integrated into the metering device, Even more preferably there is a third outlet valve on the ammonia delivery line and disposed downstream of the metering device.

The expression "third outlet valve" refers to a valve that can regulate the ammonia delivery rate supplied to the ammonia consuming device.

The expression "upstream of the ammonia metering device" means that said third outlet valve is arranged upstream of the ammonia metering device along the ammonia flow direction during the operating phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. .

The expression "downstream of the ammonia metering device" means that said third outlet valve is arranged behind the ammonia metering device along the ammonia flow direction during the operation phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system. .

As such, the ammonia storage and delivery system can provide a controlled flow rate of ammonia to the ammonia consuming device.

The invention further relates to a method of refilling the ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention. The replenishment method is at least
- connecting with a refueling station at the inlet and outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system;
- opening the second inlet valve and the outlet valve;
- opening the first inlet and outlet valves of the plurality of cartridges;
- replenishing a plurality of cartridges with ammonia;
- detecting the end of ammonia replenishment of the plurality of storage cartridges by measuring the pressure and/or temperature at the ammonia delivery line and/or the outlet of each of the plurality of cartridges;
- closing the second inlet valve;
- opening the diverter valve;
- venting the excess ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system through the second outlet valve;
- closing the second outlet valve and the diverter valve;
• Disconnecting the ammonia storage and delivery system from the refueling station.

The expression "connected to a replenishment station at the inlet and outlet of the ammonia storage and delivery system" means that, at the replenishment stage of the storage and delivery system, said ammonia storage and delivery system, starting from the inlet of said system, comprises a plurality of cartridges and activation Forming a flow loop of ammonia through the cartridge to the outlet of the system. This loop is repeated until each cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system is saturated.

As such, these replenishment steps of the ammonia storage and delivery system can replenish several of the multiple cartridges in parallel, allowing for more efficient replenishment of the ammonia storage and delivery system, while the ammonia Such replenishment methods of storage and delivery systems can be made more secure.

The present invention also provides a method of activating an ammonia storage and delivery system comprising an activating cartridge, preferably selected from first and second activating cartridges, and a plurality of storage cartridges, comprising:
- heating the activation cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system;
- attaining and maintaining a pressure P1 in the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system by delivering ammonia from the activation cartridge;
- heating at least one ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system, the step of pumping ammonia from at least one of the plurality of cartridges to create a pressure P1 in the ammonia delivery line; heating until a pressure above P2 is obtained;
• a start-up method comprising at least the step of stopping heating of a start-up cartridge, preferably accompanied by cooling of said start-up cartridge.

The expression "start-up cartridge" refers to the first cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system that delivers ammonia upon start-up of the ammonia delivery step by the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression "pressure P1" is the pressure, preferably 1.5 bar, obtained in the ammonia delivery line supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device by the ammonia being delivered by the actuation cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system. Pressure is the absolute pressure of The expression absolute pressure refers to pressure relative to zero pressure in a vacuum. Pressure P1 is detected by pressure measurement with a pressure sensor located in the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression "pressure P2" is the pressure obtained in the ammonia delivery line supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device by delivery of ammonia by one of the cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system, preferably 2 It refers to the pressure that is the absolute pressure in bar. Pressure P2 is detected by pressure measurement with a pressure sensor located in the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression "jointly cooled" refers to utilizing a cooling system of the starting cartridge, preferably selected from among the first and second starting cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

In this way, the start-up steps of the ammonia storage and delivery system can be assembled in an optimal sequence to start and stop the start-up cartridge operation. The start-up method of the ammonia storage and delivery system is thereby made more efficient.

The invention further provides a method of regulating ammonia delivery of an ammonia storage and delivery system comprising a plurality of storage cartridges, comprising:
- heating a first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system to obtain a pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line;
- heating a second ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system when the first of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system reaches a first reference saturation level; , the detection of said first reference saturation level is preferably performed by temperature measurement;
- discontinuing heating of a first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system when the first storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system reaches a second reference saturation level; and wherein the detection of said second reference saturation level is preferably performed by temperature measurement.

The expression "pressure P3" is the pressure obtained in the ammonia delivery line supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device by delivery of ammonia by one of the cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system, preferably 2 It refers to the pressure that is the absolute pressure in bar. The detection of pressure P3 is done by pressure measurement with a pressure sensor located in the ammonia delivery line of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

The expression "the first of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system has reached the first reference saturation level" refers to the ammonia storage means 1 in the first of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system It refers to going from a saturation level of 8 moles of ammonia per mole to a saturation level of 4 moles of ammonia per mole of ammonia storage means. That is, the first of the plurality of cartridges will be at 50% ammonia saturation when the cartridge reaches the first reference saturation level.

The phrase "the first storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system has reached a second reference saturation level" refers to the ammonia storage means in the first of the plurality of cartridges of the ammonia storage and delivery system It refers to going from a saturation level of 4 moles of ammonia per mole to a saturation level of 2 moles of ammonia per mole of ammonia storage means. That is, the first of the plurality of cartridges will be at 25% ammonia saturation when the cartridge reaches the second reference saturation level.

In this case, pressure P3 can be achieved and maintained in the ammonia delivery line at temperature T1 when the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges is at 100% ammonia saturation. The temperature T1 is preferably detected by temperature measurement in the ammonia delivery line, more preferably by temperature measurement at the outlet of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, the temperature sensor being located at the first of the cartridges of the plurality of cartridges. It is disposed between the outlet valve and the outlet of one of the plurality of cartridges.

Then, at 50% saturation, the first reference saturation level, pressure P3 can be maintained in the ammonia delivery line at temperature T2. Temperature T2 is higher than temperature T1. The temperature T2 is preferably detected by temperature measurement in the ammonia delivery line, more preferably by temperature measurement at each outlet of one of the cartridges.

Further, at 25% saturation, a second reference saturation level, temperature T3 is required to maintain pressure P3. However, the temperature T3 is too high to maintain the pressure P3. Therefore, when a first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges reaches a second reference saturation level, said cartridge of the plurality of cartridges is deactivated and switching to the second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges occurs. Temperature T3 is higher than temperature T2. The temperature T3 is preferably detected by temperature measurement in the ammonia delivery line, more preferably by temperature measurement at the outlet of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, the temperature sensor being located at the first of the cartridges of the plurality of cartridges. It is arranged between the outlet valve and the outlet of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges.

Further, upon reaching a first reference saturation level in a first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, heating of a second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges is initiated, thereby causing the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges to heat up. At shutdown, allow the second of the plurality of cartridges to reach sufficient temperature to maintain pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line. As such, ammonia delivery for the ammonia consuming device is uninterrupted.

Thus, each adjustment step of the ammonia storage and delivery system can optimize operation of the ammonia storage and delivery system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a motor vehicle with an ammonia storage and delivery system.

Other features and advantages of the present invention will become clearer on reading the following description of preferred embodiments given as a purely informative and non-limiting example together with the accompanying figures.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention, in a replenishment phase; FIG. 2 is a diagram of an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention, in a replenishment phase; 1 illustrates an ammonia storage and delivery system according to the invention, in the operational phase; FIG.

With reference to FIG. 1, the ammonia storage and delivery system during the refueling and start-up phases is introduced. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a plurality of ammonia cartridges (10), each of which is preferably a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride, ammonia storage means (11), each cartridge a first internal pressure regulating means (12) for regulating the internal pressure of the cartridge independently of the other cartridges, the cooling system comprising a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid, for example preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water a first internal pressure regulating means (12) comprising a first heating means, preferably a first inlet valve (13), preferably a non-return valve, and a first outlet valve, preferably a non-return valve (14), and an operating device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), wherein for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges the ammonia is an operating device (20) comprising operating means for adjusting the ammonia flow rate of a plurality of cartridges (10), or further operating means for the first internal pressure adjusting means (12), capable of operating the storage and delivery of a plurality of A first filling or refilling line (30) connecting the cartridges (1), the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) comprising a second inlet valve (31) and a pressure sensor ( 42) and at least an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising an ammonia metering device (43) and connecting a plurality of cartridges (10). The cooling system preferably forms part of a cooling device capable of cooling the ammonia consumer.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) further comprises an ammonia metering device (43), preferably with an ammonia flow regulator, at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line (40) towards the ammonia consuming device, wherein the ammonia flow rate is The regulating means are for example valves, more preferably pilot valves.

A first ammonia fill or refill line (30) can pass ammonia from outside to inside the storage cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through a first inlet valve (31). This first inlet valve (13) opens the plurality of cartridges (10) when the pressure in the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) exceeds the internal pressure of one of the plurality of cartridges (10). to allow ammonia to enter into one of the cartridges. This first inlet valve (13) may be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a non-return type passive valve. The second inlet valve (31) allows for controlled refueling of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), especially during the refueling phase, while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from the atmosphere. to An ammonia delivery line (40) can pass ammonia from inside to out of the storage cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through the first outlet valve (14). This first outlet valve (14) allows gaseous ammonia to exit a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) when the internal pressure exceeds the pressure of the ammonia delivery line (40). This first outlet valve (14) may be piloted or passive, preferably the first outlet valve (14) is a non-return type passive valve. Therefore, when one primary outlet valve (14) opens, the other primary outlet valve (14) closes due to the pressure difference. The ammonia delivery line (40) is equipped with a second outlet valve (41) that can shut off the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) during the replenishment phase.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also includes a diverter valve (51) arranged in the diverter line (50) to separate the ammonia delivery from the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30), especially during the make-up phase. A diverter valve (51) is provided in fluid communication with the line (40) to permit controlled operation of the excess ammonia through its diverter valve (51). This diverter valve (51) is preferably a pilot operated valve, more preferably the diverter valve (51) is a solenoid valve.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first overpressure valve (62) arranged in the ammonia delivery line (40) and/or in the overpressure line (61) in parallel with the diverter line (50). a second overpressure valve (63). The first overpressure valve (62) is in the open position when overpressure S1 is detected. This overpressure S1 is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) arranged in the ammonia delivery line (40). The second overpressure valve (63) is in the open position when overpressure S2 is detected. This overpressure S2 is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40). The overpressure S2 is lower than the pressure during overpressure S1, but higher than when there is only excess ammonia in the ammonia delivery line (40). Thus, when the second overpressure valve (63) is in the open position, the first overpressure valve (62) is in the closed position and vice versa. During diverting operation, where line (50) and diverter valve (51) are used, both first overpressure valve (62) and second overpressure valve (63) are in the closed position. Additionally, a first overpressure valve (62) is in fluid communication with the safety cartridge (60). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a third outlet valve (45) on the ammonia delivery line (40) and preferably arranged upstream of the ammonia metering device (43). This third outlet valve (45) capable of regulating the flow rate of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device is aligned with the ammonia metering device ( 43) on the upstream side.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first actuation cartridge (15) comprising a first cooling system (151), a second internal pressure regulation means (152) comprising a second heating means, and an ammonia inlet that also functions as an ammonia outlet (153). The first cooling system (151) comprises, by way of example, a cooling fluid circulation circuit, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. This second internal pressure regulation means (152) of the first actuation cartridge (15) comprises a second heating means, for example a resistance. This first activation cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) is in a state in which the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) are capable of pumping ammonia into the ammonia delivery line (40). A sufficient amount of ammonia can be rapidly pumped out until Furthermore, the ammonia inlet, which also functions as the ammonia outlet (153) of this first actuation cartridge (15), is a second ammonia filling or refilling line independent of the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30). (301) in fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line (40), the second ammonia filling or refilling line (301) being the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably this second ammonia filling or refilling line Line (301) comprises a first pilot operated valve (154). This first piloted valve (154), which allows filling or refilling and delivery of the first actuation cartridge (15), is preferably on the second ammonia filling or refilling line (301). , the ammonia inlet, which also functions as the ammonia outlet (153), and a connection that allows fluid communication to the ammonia delivery line (40).

During the replenishment phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) connected to the replenishment station (70), starting from the inlet (1A) of the system (1), a plurality of cartridges Form a flow loop of ammonia through (10) and the first actuation cartridge (15) to the outlet (1B) of this system (1). This loop is repeated until the multiple cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) are saturated. Ammonia delivered by the first actuation cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) provides a pressure P1 in the ammonia delivery line (40) supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device. This pressure P1 is preferably 1.5 bar absolute. The detection of the pressure P1 is done by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). Delivery of ammonia by one of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) results in a pressure P2 in the ammonia delivery line (40) supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, which pressure P2 is preferably 2 bar absolute pressure. The detection of the pressure P2 is done by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). Finally, the first actuation cartridge (15) is cooled by the first cooling system (151).

Figure 2 shows an ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to a specific embodiment of the invention in the replenishment and start-up phases. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a plurality of ammonia cartridges (10), each of which is preferably a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride, ammonia storage means (11), each cartridge a first internal pressure regulating means (12) for regulating the internal pressure of the cartridge independently of the other cartridges, the cooling system comprising, as an example, a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water; a first internal pressure regulating means (12) comprising a first heating means, preferably a first inlet valve (13), preferably a non-return valve, and a first outlet valve, preferably a non-return valve (14), and an operating device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), wherein for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges the ammonia is an operating device (20) comprising operating means for regulating the flow rate of a plurality of cartridges (10) or further operating means for the first internal pressure regulating means (12), capable of manipulating the storage and delivery of a plurality of cartridges ( 10), a first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) with a second inlet valve (31) and a pressure sensor (42) and at least an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising an ammonia metering device (43) and connecting the plurality of cartridges (10). The cooling system preferably forms part of a cooling device capable of cooling the ammonia consumer.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) further comprises, at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line (40) towards the ammonia consuming device, an ammonia metering device (43) preferably provided with ammonia flow control means, the ammonia flow control means comprising , for example a valve, more preferably a pilot operated valve.

A first ammonia fill or refill line (30) allows ammonia to pass from outside to inside the storage cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through a first inlet valve (31). This first inlet valve (13) releases ammonia to the plurality of cartridges (10) when the pressure in the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) exceeds the internal pressure of one of the plurality of cartridges (10). ) into one cartridge. This first inlet valve (13) may be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a non-return type passive valve. The second inlet valve (31) allows controlled refueling of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from the atmosphere, especially during the refueling phase. do. An ammonia delivery line (40) may pass ammonia from within and out of the storage cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through the first outlet valve (14). This first outlet valve (14) allows gaseous ammonia to exit one of the plurality of cartridges (10) when the internal pressure exceeds the pressure in the ammonia delivery line (40). This first outlet valve (14) may be piloted or passive, preferably the first outlet valve (14) is a non-return type passive valve. In this case, when one primary outlet valve (14) opens, the pressure differential causes the other primary outlet valve (14) to close. The ammonia delivery line (40) is equipped with a second outlet valve (41) capable of shutting off the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) during the replenishment phase.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also includes a diverter valve (51) arranged in the diverter line (50) to separate the ammonia delivery from the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30), especially during the make-up phase. A diverter valve (51) is provided in fluid communication with the line (40) to permit controlled operation of the excess ammonia through its diverter valve (51). The diverter valve (51) is preferably a pilot operated valve, more preferably the diverter valve (51) is a solenoid valve.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first overpressure valve (62) arranged in the ammonia delivery line (40) and/or in the overpressure line (61) in parallel with the diverter line (50). a second overpressure valve (63). The first overpressure valve (62) is in the open position when overpressure S1 is detected. This overpressure S1 is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) arranged in the ammonia delivery line (40). The second overpressure valve (63) is in the open position when overpressure S2 is detected. This overpressure S2 is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40). The overpressure S2 is lower than the pressure during overpressure S1, but higher than the pressure when there is only excess ammonia in the ammonia delivery line (40). Thus, when the second overpressure valve (63) is in the open position, the first overpressure valve (62) is in the closed position and vice versa. During diverting operation, where line (50) and diverter valve (51) are used, both first overpressure valve (62) and second overpressure valve (63) are in the closed position. Additionally, a first overpressure valve (62) is in fluid communication with the safety cartridge (60). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a third outlet valve (45) on the ammonia delivery line (40) and preferably arranged upstream of the ammonia metering device (43). This third outlet valve (45) capable of regulating the flow rate of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device is aligned with the ammonia metering device ( 43) on the upstream side.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a second cooling system (161), a third internal pressure regulating means (162) with a third heating means and a first fluid with an ammonia delivery line (40). A first fluid connection (163) with an ammonia delivery line (40), preferably including a second pilot operated valve (165), in connection (163), and a first ammonia charge or refill. a second actuation cartridge (16) having a second fluid connection (164) with the line (30); The second cooling system (161) comprises, by way of example, a cooling fluid circulation circuit, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. This third internal pressure regulation means (162) of the second actuation cartridge (16) comprises a third heating means, for example a resistance. This second activation cartridge (16) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) allows the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) to pump ammonia into the ammonia delivery line (40). A sufficient amount of ammonia can be rapidly pumped out until This second piloted valve (165), which allows delivery of the second actuation cartridge (16), may be disposed in the first fluid connection (163) with the ammonia delivery line (40). preferable.

During the replenishment phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) connected to the replenishment station (70), starting from the inlet (1A) of the system (1), a plurality of cartridges Form a flow loop of ammonia through (10) and the first actuation cartridge (15) to the outlet (1B) of this system (1). This loop is repeated until the multiple cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) are saturated. Ammonia delivered by the first actuation cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) acquires a pressure P1 in the ammonia delivery line (40) supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, which pressure P1 is preferably 1.5 bar absolute pressure. The detection of the pressure P1 is done by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). Delivery of ammonia by one of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) results in a pressure P2 in the ammonia delivery line (40) supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device, which pressure P2 is preferably 2 bar absolute pressure. The detection of the pressure P2 is done by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). Finally, the first actuation cartridge (15) is cooled by the first cooling system (151).

Figure 3 shows the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) in the operational phase. The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a plurality of ammonia cartridges (10), each of which is preferably a powdered salt of an alkaline earth metal chloride, ammonia storage means (11), each cartridge a first internal pressure regulating means (12) for regulating the internal pressure of the cartridge independently of the other cartridges, the cooling system comprising a circulation circuit for a cooling fluid, for example preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water a first internal pressure regulating means (12) comprising a first heating means, preferably a first inlet valve (13), preferably a non-return valve, and a first outlet valve, preferably a non-return valve (14), and an operating device (20), preferably common to the plurality of cartridges (10), wherein for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges the ammonia is an operating device (20) comprising operating means for adjusting the ammonia flow rate of a plurality of cartridges (10), or further operating means for the first internal pressure adjusting means (12), capable of operating the storage and delivery of a plurality of A first filling or refilling line (30) connecting the cartridges (1), the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) comprising a second inlet valve (31) and a pressure sensor ( 42) and at least an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising an ammonia metering device (43) and connecting a plurality of cartridges (10).

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) further comprises, at the outlet of the ammonia delivery line (40) towards the ammonia consuming device, an ammonia metering device (43) preferably provided with ammonia flow control means, the ammonia flow control means comprising , for example a valve, more preferably a pilot operated valve.

A first ammonia fill or refill line (30) allows ammonia to pass from outside to inside the storage cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through a first inlet valve (31). This first inlet valve (13) opens the plurality of cartridges (10) when the pressure in the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) exceeds the internal pressure of one of the plurality of cartridges (10). Allow ammonia to enter into one of the cartridges. This first inlet valve (13) may be piloted or passive, preferably the first inlet valve is a non-return type passive valve. The second inlet valve (31) allows controlled refueling of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) while isolating the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from the atmosphere, especially during the refueling phase. do. An ammonia delivery line (40) may pass ammonia from within and out of the storage cartridge of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through the first outlet valve (14). This first outlet valve (14) allows gaseous ammonia to exit a cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) when the internal pressure exceeds the pressure of the ammonia delivery line (40). This first outlet valve (14) may be piloted or passive, preferably the first outlet valve (14) is a non-return type passive valve. Therefore, when one primary outlet valve (14) opens, the other primary outlet valve (14) closes due to the pressure difference. The ammonia delivery line (40) is equipped with a second outlet valve (41) capable of shutting off the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) during the replenishment phase.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) also includes a diverter valve (51) arranged in the diverter line (50) to separate the ammonia delivery from the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30), especially during the make-up phase. A diverter valve (51) is provided in fluid communication with the line (40) to permit controlled operation of the excess ammonia through its diverter valve (51). This diverter valve (51) is preferably a pilot operated valve, more preferably the diverter valve (51) is a solenoid valve.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first overpressure valve (62) arranged in the ammonia delivery line (40) and/or in the overpressure line (61) in parallel with the diverter line (50). a second overpressure valve (63). The first overpressure valve (62) is in the open position when overpressure S1 is detected. This overpressure S1 is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) arranged in the ammonia delivery line (40). The second overpressure valve (63) is in the open position when overpressure S2 is detected. This overpressure S2 is detected in the ammonia delivery line (40) by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40). The overpressure S2 is lower than the pressure during overpressure S1, but higher than when there is only excess ammonia in the ammonia delivery line (40). Thus, when the second overpressure valve (63) is in the open position, the first overpressure valve (62) is in the closed position and vice versa. During diverting operation, where line (50) and diverter valve (51) are used, both first overpressure valve (62) and second overpressure valve (63) are in the closed position. Additionally, a first overpressure valve (62) is in fluid communication with the safety cartridge (60). The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a third outlet valve (45) on the ammonia delivery line (40) and preferably arranged upstream of the ammonia metering device (43). This third outlet valve (45) capable of regulating the flow rate of ammonia supplied to the ammonia consuming device is aligned with the ammonia metering device ( 43) on the upstream side.

The ammonia storage and delivery system (1) comprises a first actuation cartridge (15) comprising a first cooling system (151), a second internal pressure regulation means (152) comprising a second heating means, and an ammonia inlet that also functions as an ammonia outlet (153). The first cooling system (151) comprises, by way of example, a cooling fluid circulation circuit, preferably an aqueous fluid, more preferably water. This second internal pressure regulation means (152) of the first actuation cartridge (15) comprises a second heating means, for example a resistance. This first activation cartridge (15) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) is in a state in which the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) are capable of pumping ammonia into the ammonia delivery line (40). A sufficient amount of ammonia can be rapidly pumped out until Furthermore, the ammonia inlet, which also functions as the ammonia outlet (153) of this first actuation cartridge (15), is a second ammonia filling or refilling line independent of the first ammonia filling or refilling line (30). (301) in fluid communication with the ammonia delivery line (40), the second ammonia filling or refilling line (301) being the ammonia delivery line (40), preferably this second ammonia filling or refilling line Line (301) comprises a first pilot operated valve (154). This first piloted valve (154), which allows filling or refilling and delivery of the first actuation cartridge (15), is preferably on the second ammonia filling or refilling line (301). , the ammonia inlet, which also functions as the ammonia outlet (153), and a connection that allows fluid communication to the ammonia delivery line (40).

In the operational phase of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1), an ammonia delivery line supplying ammonia to the ammonia consuming device by delivery of ammonia by one of the plurality of cartridges (10) of the ammonia storage and delivery system (1). A pressure P3 is obtained at (40), which is preferably 2 bar absolute. The detection of pressure P3 is done by pressure measurement by a pressure sensor (42) located in the ammonia delivery line (40) of the ammonia storage and delivery system. In this case, a pressure P3 can be achieved and maintained in the ammonia delivery line (40) at temperature T1 when the first of the plurality of cartridges is at 100% ammonia saturation. The temperature T1 is preferably detected by temperature measurement in the ammonia delivery line (40), more preferably by temperature measurement at the outlet of each cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10), the temperature sensor being located in the plurality of cartridges ( 10) is disposed between the first outlet valve (14) of the cartridge and the outlet of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10). A temperature sensor is not shown in FIG. Then, at 50% saturation, the first reference saturation level, temperature T2 can maintain pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line (40). Temperature T2 is higher than temperature T1. Detection of the temperature T2 is preferably by temperature measurement in the ammonia delivery line (40), more preferably at each outlet of the cartridges of the plurality of cartridges (10), before the first outlet valve (14) of the plurality of cartridges. temperature measurement. Furthermore, at 25% saturation, a second reference saturation level, the temperature T3 is too high to maintain the pressure P3, so a shutdown of the first of the cartridges (10) occurs, followed by a plurality of cartridge (10) to the second cartridge takes place. Temperature T3 is higher than temperature T2. The temperature T3 is preferably detected by temperature measurement in the ammonia delivery line (40), more preferably by temperature measurement at the outlet of each of the plurality of cartridges (10), the temperature sensor being located in the plurality of cartridges ( 10) and is positioned between the first outlet valve (14) of the cartridge and the outlet of the cartridge of the plurality of cartridges. Then, when the first reference saturation level is reached, the heating of the second cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) begins, and in parallel with the emptying of the first cartridge of the plurality of cartridges, the plurality of cartridges ( Allow the second cartridge of 10) to reach sufficient temperature to maintain pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line (40). As such, ammonia delivery for the ammonia consuming device is uninterrupted.

1 Ammonia Storage and Delivery System 1A Inlet 1B Outlet 10 Multiple (Ammonia Storage) Cartridges 11 (Ammonia) Storage Means 12 First Internal Pressure Regulating Means 13 First Inlet Valve 14 First Outlet Valve 15 First Actuation Cartridge 16 Second Actuation Cartridge 20 Manipulator 30 First (Ammonia) Fill or Refill Line 31 Second Inlet Valve 40 (Ammonia) Delivery Line 41 Second Outlet Valve 42 Pressure Sensor 43 (Ammonia) Metering Device 45 Third outlet valve 50 diverter line 51 diverter valve 60 safety cartridge 61 overpressure line 62 first overpressure valve 63 second overpressure valve 70 supply station 151 first cooling system 152 second internal pressure adjusting means 153 ammonia outlet, ammonia inlet 154 first piloted valve 161 second cooling system 162 third internal pressure regulating means 163 first fluid connection 164 second fluid connection 165 second piloted valve 301 second (ammonia) charge or refill line

Claims (11)

In the ammonia storage and delivery system (1),
- a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges (10), each cartridge comprising:
- an ammonia storage means (11);
a first internal pressure adjusting means (12) for adjusting the internal pressure of each cartridge independently of the other cartridges, the first internal pressure adjusting means (12) having a first heating means;
- a first inlet valve (13) of the pilot operated or non-return valve type;
- a plurality of ammonia storage cartridges (10) comprising a first outlet valve (14) of pilot operated valve type or non-return valve type;
- an operating device (20), preferably common to said plurality of cartridges (10), capable of operating the storage and delivery of ammonia for each cartridge independently of the other cartridges; ,
- a first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) connecting said plurality of cartridges (10), said first ammonia filling or refilling line (30) comprising a second inlet valve (31); and,
- an ammonia delivery line (40) connecting said plurality of cartridges (10), comprising:
- a pressure sensor (42);
- an ammonia metering device (43);
- a second outlet valve (41) that can be selectively alternated between open and closed positions, in which the excess ammonia in the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) is to a refueling station (70) side after a refueling phase of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1), and in said closed position, at the end of said refueling phase of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1), said an ammonia delivery line (40) comprising a second outlet valve (41) configured to shut off the ammonia storage and delivery system (1); 1). A diverter valve (51) disposed in a diverter line (50) for fluid communication between said first ammonia fill or refill line (30) and said ammonia delivery line (40). Ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 1, comprising: - a first overpressure valve (62) arranged in said ammonia delivery line (40) and/or - a second overpressure valve (61) arranged in parallel with the diverter line (50) 63)
Ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising: 4. Ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 3, wherein said first overpressure valve (62) is in fluid communication with a safety cartridge (60). at least one first actuation cartridge (15),
- a first cooling system (151);
- a second internal pressure regulating means (152) comprising a second heating means;
- an ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising at least one first actuation cartridge (15) comprising an ammonia inlet which also functions as an ammonia outlet (153); ). The ammonia inlet, which also serves as the ammonia outlet (153) of said first actuation cartridge (15), is connected to a second ammonia filling or refilling line (30) independent of said first ammonia filling or refilling line (30). 301) with said ammonia delivery line (40), said second ammonia filling or refilling line (30) being said ammonia delivery line (40), preferably said second ammonia filling Or the ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to claim 5, wherein the refill line (301) comprises a first pilot operated valve (154). a second activation cartridge (16) comprising:
- a second cooling system (161);
- a third internal pressure regulating means (162) comprising a third heating means;
- a fluid connection (163) with said ammonia delivery line (40), preferably comprising a second pilot operated valve (165);
- a second actuation cartridge (16) comprising a fluid connection (164) with said first ammonia filling or refilling line (30); Ammonia storage and delivery system (1). A method of refilling an ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to any one of claims 2 to 7, comprising
- connecting with a refueling station (70) at the inlet (1A) and outlet (1B) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1);
- opening said second inlet valve (31) and said second outlet valve (41);
- opening said first inlet valve (13) and said first outlet valve (14) of said plurality of cartridges (10);
- replenishing said plurality of cartridges (10) with ammonia;
- detecting the end of ammonia replenishment of said plurality of storage cartridges (10) by measuring the pressure and/or temperature at the outlet of each of said ammonia delivery line (40) and/or said plurality of cartridges (10); and
- closing said second inlet valve (31);
- opening the diverter valve (51);
- venting excess ammonia in said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) through said second outlet valve (41);
- closing said second outlet valve (41) and said diverter valve (51);
- disconnecting said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) from said refueling station (70). A method of starting an ammonia storage and delivery system (1), comprising:
- heating the activation cartridges (15, 16) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1);
- attaining and maintaining a pressure P1 in the ammonia delivery line (40) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) by delivering ammonia from said actuation cartridge (15, 16);
- heating at least one ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) to deliver ammonia from at least one of said plurality of cartridges (10); heating until a pressure P2 above said pressure P1 is obtained in said ammonia delivery line (40);
- stopping the heating of the activation cartridges (15, 16), preferably accompanied by cooling of the activation cartridges (15, 16);
Startup method, including at least A method of regulating ammonia delivery of an ammonia storage and delivery system (1), comprising:
- heating a first ammonia storage cartridge of the plurality of cartridges (10) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) to obtain a pressure P3 in the ammonia delivery line (40);
- when said first ammonia storage cartridge of said plurality of cartridges (10) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) reaches a first reference saturation level, said plurality of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) heating a second ammonia storage cartridge of the cartridge (10) of said first reference saturation level, preferably by temperature measurement;
- when said first ammonia storage cartridge of said plurality of cartridges (10) of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) reaches a second reference saturation level, said plurality of said ammonia storage and delivery system (1) stopping the heating of said first ammonia storage cartridge of the cartridge (10) of . A motor vehicle comprising an ammonia storage and delivery system (1) according to any one of claims 1-7.

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