JP2023519744A - ミトコンドリア増強療法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2020年11月25日に出願された米国特許出願第63/118,569号、および2020年3月31日に出願された米国特許出願第63/003,174号の米国特許法第119条(e)に基づく優先権の利益を主張し、両方の全容は参照によりその全体が本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、概して、ミトコンドリアについて富化された細胞に関し、より具体的には、幹細胞の生着、増殖、ホーミングまたは生存を増加させ、ならびに幹細胞分化パターンを改変するための方法および組成物に関する。
ミトコンドリアは、ほとんどの真核細胞に見られる、直径0.5~1.0pmの範囲の膜結合細胞小器官である。ミトコンドリアは、ほぼすべての真核生物に見出され、細胞型に応じて数および位置が異なる。ミトコンドリアは、独自のDNA(mtDNA)と、RNAおよびタンパク質を合成するための独自の機構とを含有する。mtDNAは37個の遺伝子しか含有せず、哺乳類の体内の遺伝子産物のほとんどは核DNAによってコードされている。
本発明は、外因性ミトコンドリアについて富化された細胞が疾患および障害を治療するために有用であるという重大な発見に基づいている。本発明は、ミトコンドリア富化細胞を提供することによって、対象において骨髄での白血球細胞の産生を増加させる方法および組成物を提供する。さらに、本出願は、骨髄細胞型、CD34+細胞の生着、および分化を増加させるための方法を提供する。
マウスモデルへの富化幹細胞の移植
ミトコンドリアを、健康なヒトドナーの血液から単離した。ミトコンドリアを-80℃で凍結させた。CD34+細胞は、ピアソン症候群を有する対象の凍結および解凍された臍帯血細胞(UBC)から単離された。この対象は、mtDNAの8,470~13,447位置にある4,977ヌクレオチドの欠失と診断された。ミトコンドリアを解凍した後、対象のCD34+細胞を1×106個の細胞当たり0.88mUのヒトミトコンドリアとともに22時間インキュベートした。その後、培地を除去し、細胞を洗浄し、4.5%HSAに再懸濁した。配列解析を使用して、細胞中のヒトミトコンドリアの存在を特定することによって、増強を検証した。その後、増強された細胞を3週齢のNSGSマウスにI.V.注射した(マウス当たり50K細胞)。
MAT群から3匹、対照群から3匹のマウスを屠殺した。末梢血(PB)を採取し、大腿骨および脛骨から骨髄(BM)細胞を単離した。ヒト内因性および外因性ミトコンドリアDNA(mtDNA)のコピー数を決定するために、DNAをBMおよびPBから単離し、dPCRを使用して解析した。
各群のマウスおよびナイーブマウスを屠殺した。内因性および外因性ヒトmtDNAのレベルを測定するため、DNAをBMおよび末梢血から単離し、デジタルPCR(dPCR)を使用して解析した。
対象のリンパ球欠乏症の処置/リンパ球集団の増加
1つのリンパ球欠乏症関連疾患または複数のリンパ球欠乏症関連疾患に罹患している対象におけるリンパ球欠乏の衰弱作用を軽減するための方法のステップは、(1)自家または同種異系造血幹細胞を得ること、(2)ドナーの細胞からミトコンドリアを単離すること(外因性ミトコンドリアの単離は、このプロセスの前に実行することができ、ミトコンドリアを-80℃(少なくとも)で凍結させて保存し、使用前に解凍する)、(3)HSCを、単離された外因性ミトコンドリアとともにインキュベーションすること、(4)骨髄細胞を洗浄すること、および(5)ミトコンドリアについて富化されたHSCを対象に注入することである。全期間を通して、患者血球数および生化学的血液マーカーの変化を評価する。
骨髄移植を改善するためのミトコンドリア増強療法
生着を改善し、したがって、コンディショニングされた患者またはコンディショニングされていない患者の細胞移植を改善するために、細胞は患者への移植前にミトコンドリア増強を受ける。造血幹細胞移植を必要とする対象における造血幹細胞移植を改善する方法は、(1)対象またはドナーから造血幹細胞(HSC)を得ることと、(2)ドナーの細胞からミトコンドリアを単離することと(ミトコンドリアの単離は、このプロセスの前に実行することができ、ミトコンドリアを-80℃(少なくとも)で凍結させて保存し、使用前に解凍する)、(3)HSCを、単離された外因性ミトコンドリアとともにインキュベートすることと、(4)骨髄細胞を洗浄することと、(5)ミトコンドリアについて富化されたHSCを対象に投与することとを含む。HSCは、自家または同種異系造血幹細胞であり得る。
遺伝子療法を改善するためのミトコンドリア増強療法
HSCおよびその子孫の効率的な長期的な遺伝子改変には、HSC機能に影響を与えることなく、ゲノムへの修正DNAの安定的な組込みを可能にする技術が必要である。したがって、y-レトロウイルス、レンチウイルス、およびスプマウイルスなどの組込み組換えウイルスシステムの使用が、この分野を支配している(Chang,A.H.et al.(2007)Mol.Ther.15:445-456)。治療効果は、アデノシンデアミナーゼ重症複合免疫不全症(ADA-SCID、Aiuti,A.et al.(2009)N.Engl.J.Med.360:447-458)、X連鎖重症複合免疫不全(SCID-X1、Hacein-Bey-Abina,S.et al.(2010)N.Engl.J.Med.363:355-364)およびウィスコット・アルドリッチ症候群(WAS、Boztug,K.et al.(2010)N.Engl.J.Med.363:1918-1927)のy-レトロウイルスベースの臨床試験ですでに達成されている。加えて、レンチウイルスは、X連鎖副腎白質ジストロフィーの処置における(ALD;Cartier,N.et al.(2009)Science326:818-823)、ならびに異染性白質ジストロフィー(MLD;Biffi,A.et al.(2013)Science341:1233158)、およびWAS(Aiuti,A.et al.(2013)Science 341:1233151)ための送達ビヒクルとして用いられている。
ミトコンドリア増強後のミトコンドリア機能障害マウスモデルにおける外因性ミトコンドリアの継続的移行
疾患を有する動物モデルにおいて、生体内分布を評価するために、および増強されたHSPCまたはその子孫が、ミトコンドリアをインビボで他の細胞に移行させることができるかどうかを評価するために、遺伝子標識された細胞を、ミトコンドリア機能不全のマウスモデル(PolGマウス)に注入した。
ミトコンドリアは、様々な造血細胞型に移行する
フローサイトメトリーを使用して、造血細胞型を試験して、どの細胞型が細胞内ミトコンドリア移行のレシピエントであるかを決定した。PBにおける主要な免疫細胞サブセットの分布は、1mおよび4.5mの時点で、総CD45+およびCD45+dTomato-Dendra+集団の両方において、評価された(図7)。
ミトコンドリア増強後の細胞機能の評価
PolGマウスの末梢血中のCD11b+骨髄系細胞は、dTomato+Dendra+細胞から外因性ミトコンドリアを取り込むことが観察されている。したがって、外因性ミトコンドリアを含むCD11b+骨髄系細胞の活性レベルをさらに評価する。
免疫不全細胞および遺伝子療法に対する増強の効果
B細胞の発達進行は、B細胞抗原受容体(BCR)の集合、発現、およびシグナル伝達につながる一連の事象によって導かれる。重(H)鎖免疫グロブリン遺伝子および軽(L)鎖免疫グロブリン遺伝子は、プロBおよびプレB段階(それぞれ)で再編成され、完全な表面IgMは、未熟段階で発現される。さらなる発達進行および成熟は、ナイーブB細胞の免疫能のあるコレクションを提供する。ブルトン型チロシンキナーゼ(BTK)遺伝子は、B細胞抗原受容体(BCR)シグナル伝達経路の重要な構成要素であり、B細胞の発達、生存、および活性化に重要な役割を果たす。BTKの発現はB細胞に限定されず、BTKは、マクロファージおよび好中球を含む骨髄系統の細胞でも発現される。X連鎖欠損(Xid)マウスは、BTK遺伝子に自然突然変異を有する。B細胞の発達が損なわれたXidマウスは、ヒトX連鎖免疫不全疾患のモデルとして使用される。例えば、ブルトン型チロシンキナーゼ(BTK)遺伝子の変異に起因する遺伝子疾患であるX結合型アガマグロブリン血症(XLA)。これらの変異は、Bリンパ球の成熟の不全、血清免疫グロブリンレベルの低下、特異的抗体産生の不全、ならびに他の免疫シグナルの交代をもたらす。
遺伝子療法に対する増強の効果
レンチベクター(XidpTC9)を形質導入した増強もしくは非増強Xid Lin-細胞、またはWT Lin-細胞(XidCBA/Ca)を、致死的に照射されたXidマウスに移植する効果について、評価した。
Claims (62)
- 対象における白血球細胞のレベルを増加させる方法であって、
a)対象から標的細胞を得る工程と、
b)ドナー細胞から外因性ミトコンドリアを得る工程と、
c)前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記標的細胞に入るのを可能にする条件下で、前記標的細胞を前記外因性ミトコンドリアに接触させることによって、ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞を産生する工程と、
d)前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞を前記対象に投与する工程と
を含み、
ここで、前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞のミトコンドリア含有量が、前記標的細胞のミトコンドリア含有量よりも検出可能に高く、
それによって対象における白血球細胞のレベルを増加させる、方法。 - 前記標的細胞が、多能性幹細胞、胚性幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞、間葉系幹細胞、造血幹細胞、造血前駆細胞、骨髄系共通前駆細胞、リンパ系共通前駆細胞、CD34+細胞、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的細胞が、CD34+細胞である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記標的細胞が、全血、血液画分、末梢血、PBMC、血清、血漿、脂肪組織、胎盤、口腔粘膜、血液、臍帯血、または骨髄から得られる、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記対象が、疾患または障害を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記疾患または障害が、加齢関連障害、がん、筋肉疾患および障害、糖原病および糖原貯蔵障害、血管内皮障害または疾患、脳障害または脳疾患、胎盤障害または胎盤疾患、胸腺障害または胸腺疾患、自己免疫疾患、腎疾患または腎障害、原発性ミトコンドリア病、膵臓障害または膵臓疾患、前立腺障害または前立腺疾患、腎臓障害または腎臓疾患、血液障害または血液疾患、心臓疾患または心臓障害、皮膚障害または皮膚疾患、免疫および炎症性疾患および障害、骨疾患または骨障害、胃腸疾患または胃腸障害、眼疾患または眼障害、ならびに感染症からなる群から選択される、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、単離されたまたは部分的に精製された凍結-解凍ヒトミトコンドリアである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞中の全ミトコンドリア含有量の少なくとも1%を構成する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、胎盤、培養で増殖された胎盤細胞、血液細胞、および幹細胞からなる群から選択されるヒト細胞または組織に由来する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞のミトコンドリア含有量が、SDHAおよびCOX1から選択される少なくとも1つのミトコンドリアタンパク質の含有量、クエン酸シンターゼの活性レベル、酸素(O2)消費率、アデノシン三リン酸産生率、ミトコンドリアDNA含有量、ヘテロプラスミーのレベル、ならびにそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択されるアッセイによって決定される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞の前記投与が、静脈内、腹腔内、動脈内、または筋肉内投与による、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも5×105~5×109個のミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、前記対象に投与される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、ミトコンドリア富化前の標的細胞と比較して、
a)SDHAおよびCOX1から選択される少なくとも1つのミトコンドリアタンパク質の、増加した含有量、
b)増加した酸素(O2)消費率、
c)増加したクエン酸シンターゼ活性レベル、
d)増加したアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)産生率、
e)増加したミトコンドリアDNA含有量、
f)より低いヘテロプラスミーレベル、または
g)それらの任意の組み合わせ
を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記対象への投与の前に、前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞に、薬学的に許容される担体を添加する工程をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記標的細胞に入るのを可能にする前記条件が、106個の細胞当たり約0.088~176mUのクエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性の割合で前記標的細胞を前記外因性ミトコンドリアとともにインキュベートすることを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、対象におけるリンパ系細胞のレベルを増加させるための医薬組成物であって、前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、外因性ミトコンドリアについて富化されている、医薬組成物。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、
a)疾患もしくは障害に罹患している対象から、またはドナーから、標的細胞を得る工程と、
b)ドナーから外因性ミトコンドリアを得る工程と、
c)前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記標的細胞に入るのを可能にする条件下で、前記標的細胞を前記外因性ミトコンドリアに接触させることによって、ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞を産生する工程と
を含む方法によって産生され、
前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞のミトコンドリア含有量が、前記標的細胞のミトコンドリア含有量よりも検出可能に高い、
請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記標的細胞が、多能性幹細胞、胚性幹細胞、人工多能性幹細胞、間葉系幹細胞、造血幹細胞、造血前駆細胞、骨髄系共通前駆細胞、リンパ系共通前駆細胞、CD34+細胞、およびそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択される、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記標的細胞が、CD34+細胞である、請求項18に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記標的細胞が、全血、血液画分、末梢血、PBMC、胎盤、血漿、脂肪組織、口腔粘膜、血液、臍帯血、または骨髄から得られる、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、単離されたまたは部分的に精製された凍結-解凍ヒトミトコンドリアである、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記標的細胞が、自家である、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、自家である、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞の前記ミトコンドリア含有量が、SDHAおよびCOX1から選択される少なくとも1つのミトコンドリアタンパク質の含有量、クエン酸シンターゼの活性レベル、酸素(O2)消費率、アデノシン三リン酸産生率、ミトコンドリアDNA含有量、ならびにそれらの任意の組み合わせからなる群から選択されるアッセイによって決定される、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、ミトコンドリア富化前の標的細胞と比較して、
a)SDHAおよびCOX1から選択される少なくとも1つのミトコンドリアタンパク質の、増加した含有量、
b)増加した酸素(O2)消費率、
c)増加したクエン酸シンターゼ活性レベル、
d)増加したアデノシン三リン酸(ATP)産生率、
e)増加したミトコンドリアDNA含有量、もしくは
f)より低いヘテロプラスミーレベル、または
g)それらの任意の組み合わせ
を有する、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。 - 前記対象が、疾患または障害を有する、請求項16に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記疾患または障害が、加齢関連障害、がん、筋肉疾患および障害、糖原病および糖原貯蔵障害、血管内皮障害または疾患、脳障害または脳疾患、胎盤障害または胎盤疾患、胸腺障害または胸腺疾患、自己免疫疾患、腎疾患または腎障害、原発性ミトコンドリア病、膵臓障害または膵臓疾患、前立腺障害または前立腺疾患、腎臓障害または腎臓疾患、血液障害または血液疾患、心臓疾患または心臓障害、皮膚障害または皮膚疾患、免疫および炎症性疾患および障害、骨疾患または骨障害、胃腸疾患または胃腸障害、眼疾患または眼障害、ならびに感染症からなる群から選択される、請求項26に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記対象に投与される、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 少なくとも5×105~5×109個のミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、前記対象に投与される、請求項28に記載の医薬組成物。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記標的細胞に入るのを可能にする前記条件が、106個の細胞当たり約0.088~176mUのクエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性の割合で前記標的細胞を前記外因性ミトコンドリアとともにインキュベートすることを含む、請求項17に記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象における1つのリンパ球欠乏関連疾患または複数のリンパ球欠乏関連疾患の衰弱作用を軽減するための方法であって、
(a)造血幹細胞(HSC)を外因性ミトコンドリアとともに、前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記HSCに入るのを可能にする条件下でインキュベートする工程と、
(b)(a)からの前記HSCを前記対象に投与する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 前記HSCが、自家または同種異系幹細胞である、請求項31に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、少なくとも1回の凍結-解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記HSCに入るのを可能にする前記条件が、106個の細胞当たり約0.088~176mUのクエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性の割合を含む、請求項30に記載の方法。
- 対象における造血幹細胞(HSC)移植を改善するための方法であって、
(a)造血幹細胞(HSC)を外因性ミトコンドリアとともに、前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記HSCに入るのを可能にする条件下でインキュベートする工程と、
(b)(a)からの前記HSCを前記対象に投与する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 前記HSCが、自家または同種異系幹細胞である、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、少なくとも1回の凍結-解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、インビトロで拡大増殖された、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、少なくとも1回の凍結-解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項35に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、インビトロでの拡大増殖の前または後に、少なくとも1回の凍結解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、前記外因性ミトコンドリアとのインキュベーションの前または後に、少なくとも1回の凍結解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項39に記載の方法。
- 単離されたミトコンドリアが前記HSCに入るのを可能にする前記条件が、106個の細胞当たり約0.088~176mUのクエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性の割合で前記標的細胞を前記外因性ミトコンドリアとともにインキュベートすることを含む、請求項35に記載の方法。
- ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞と、薬学的に許容される担体とを含む、対象における遺伝子療法のための細胞の生着を高める医薬組成物であって、前記ミトコンドリア富化標的細胞が、外因性ミトコンドリアについて富化されている、医薬組成物。
- 前記標的細胞が、前記外因性ミトコンドリアについての富化前、富化中、または富化後に、遺伝子改変されている、請求項43に記載の医薬組成物。
- 対象における免疫不全または免疫関連疾患を治療するための方法であって、
(a)造血幹細胞(HSC)を外因性ミトコンドリアとともに、前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記HSCに入るのを可能にする条件下でインキュベートする工程と、
(b)(a)からの前記HSCを前記対象に投与する工程と
を含む、方法。 - 前記HSCが、自家または同種異系幹細胞である、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記外因性ミトコンドリアが、少なくとも1回の凍結-解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、インビトロで拡大増殖された、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、少なくとも1回の凍結-解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、インビトロでの拡大増殖の前または後に、少なくとも1回の凍結解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 前記HSCが、前記外因性ミトコンドリアとのインキュベーションの前または後に、少なくとも1回の凍結解凍サイクルを受けている、請求項49に記載の方法。
- 単離されたミトコンドリアが前記HSCに入るのを可能にする前記条件が、106個の細胞当たり約0.088~176mUのクエン酸シンターゼ(CS)活性の割合で前記標的細胞を前記外因性ミトコンドリアとともにインキュベートすることを含む、請求項45に記載の方法。
- 疾患または障害を治療する方法であって、
a)細胞を、外因性ミトコンドリアに、前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記細胞に入るのを可能にする条件下で接触させることによって、ミトコンドリア富化細胞を産生する工程と、
b)目的の遺伝子を含むウイルスベクターを前記ミトコンドリア富化細胞に形質導入する工程と、
c)前記ミトコンドリア富化形質導入細胞を対象に投与する工程と
を含み、それによって前記疾患または障害を治療する、方法。 - 疾患または障害を治療する方法であって、
a)目的の遺伝子を含むウイルスベクターを細胞に形質導入する工程と、
b)前記形質導入細胞を、外因性ミトコンドリアに、前記外因性ミトコンドリアが前記細胞に入るのを可能にする条件下で接触させることによって、ミトコンドリア富化形質導入細胞を産生する工程と、
c)前記ミトコンドリア富化形質導入細胞を対象に投与する工程と
を含み、それによって前記疾患または障害を治療する、方法。 - 前記細胞が、幹細胞である、請求項53または54に記載の方法。
- 前記幹細胞が、造血幹細胞(HSC)である、請求項55に記載の方法。
- 前記細胞が、免疫不全細胞である、請求項53または54に記載の方法。
- 前記ウイルスベクターが、アデノ随伴ウイルス(AAV)ベクターまたはレンチウイルスベクターである、請求項53または54に記載の方法。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化形質導入細胞の前記投与が、非増強細胞と比較して、B細胞の数を増加させる、請求項53または54に記載の方法。
- 前記B細胞が、プレB細胞またはプロB細胞である、請求項59に記載の方法。
- 前記ミトコンドリア富化形質導入細胞の前記投与が、非増強細胞と比較して、IgM陽性細胞の数を増加させる、請求項53または54に記載の方法。
- ミトコンドリア富化が、形質導入細胞の数を増加させる、請求項53に記載の方法。
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