JP2023515256A - 統合されたekg及びppgセンサを用いたインテリジェントパルス平均化を使用して静脈酸素飽和度を測定するシステム及び方法 - Google Patents
統合されたekg及びppgセンサを用いたインテリジェントパルス平均化を使用して静脈酸素飽和度を測定するシステム及び方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
本出願は、2020年4月14日に出願された「PULSE WAVE TRANSIT TIME(PWTT)MEASUREMENT SYSTEM USING INTEGRATED EKG AND PPG SENSORS」と題する米国仮特許出願第63/009,470号、2020年8月18日に出願された「SYSTEM FOR IMPROVED MEASUREMENT OF OXYGEN SATURATION,NON-INVASIVE DETECTION OF VENOUS AND ARTERIAL PULSE WAVEFORMS,AS WELL AS DETECTION OF CARBOXYHEMOGLOBIN,HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY AND OTHER CARDIAC CONDITIONS」と題する米国仮特許出願第63/067,147号、2020年12月28日に出願された「SYSTEMS FOR SYNCHRONIZING DIFFERENT DEVICES TO A CARDIAC CYCLE AND FOR GENERATING PULSE WAVEFORMS FROM SYNCHRONIZED ECG AND PPG SYSTEMS」と題する米国特許出願第17/135,936号に対する優先権を主張し、それらの開示全体は、あらゆる目的のために全体として参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
健康状態における静脈ヘモグロビンの酸素化は、80%を超えていることが多い。これは驚くべきことのように見えるかもしれないが、この高レベルの酸素化は、最後の数秒間深呼吸が行われていなくても、体が浸ることができる代謝予備能を表す。ストレスの状態では、その予備能は削られ、このような静脈飽和度は、身体の酸素予備能の尺度を提供するため、臨床的に有用である。現在、これは侵襲的な静脈血ガス測定を介してのみ取得することができる。静脈酸素飽和度と血清乳酸は、代謝ストレス時に静脈飽和度が低下するため、患者の代謝予備能及びストレスの程度を測定するために両方とも使用される。組織が代謝要求を満たすのに十分な酸素を受け取っていないときに、血清乳酸は上昇し、組織はグルコースの嫌気性使用に変わる。現在、代謝ストレスを評価するための最も一般的な尺度は血清乳酸であるが、Serum Lactate Poorly Predicts Central Venous Oxygen Saturation In Critically Ill Patients:A Retrospective Cohort Study by Bisara et.al.,PMID:21516712,DOI:10.1186/s40560-019-0401-5などの最近の研究は、静脈酸素飽和度が重大な代償不全の発症前のストレスのより良い初期尺度であり得ることを示唆している。乳酸又は静脈血ガスの血清測定は、無菌採血能力と、採血後に氷上に置かれた静脈サンプルを迅速に処理することが可能な資格のある検査室が近くに必要である。したがって、静脈酸素飽和度を非侵襲的に測定する能力は、リソースが豊富な状況とリソースが限られている状況の両方で代謝ストレスを評価するために非常な示唆を有する。
好ましい態様では、本システムは、静脈酸素飽和度を判定するためのシステムであって、(a)人の皮膚に接して配置可能なデバイスと、(b)光の複数の波長で人のPPG信号を測定するためのデバイスに装着された少なくとも1つのPPGセンサと、(c)人のEKG信号を測定するための複数の電極と、(d)PPG信号及びEKG信号を受信及び分析するためのコンピュータロジックシステムと、を備え、コンピュータロジックシステムは、(i)EKG信号において心周期を識別するためのシステムと、(ii)識別された心周期における特徴に基づいて、PPG信号を一連のPPG信号セグメントにセグメント化するためのシステムと、(iii)PPG信号セグメントを複数のビンにソートするためのシステムであって、各ビンが、前のRからRまでの心周期及び現在のRからRまでの心周期の持続時間に基づく、システムと、(iv)複数のビンの各々について合成信号を生成するためのシステムと、(v)人の静脈酸素飽和度を、(a)光の異なる波長で測定された合成信号を比較することにより、動脈酸素飽和度を計算することと、(b)光の異なる波長で測定された2つの連続する信号最大値で合成信号をサブサンプリングすることと、(c)光の異なる波長で測定されたサブサンプリングされた合成信号を計算された動脈酸素飽和度と比較して、静脈酸素飽和度を判定することと、を行うことによって測定するためのシステムと、を更に備える。好ましくは、光の異なる波長で測定された合成信号を比較することにより、動脈酸素飽和度を計算することは、合成信号プライムオーバ信号(SPOS)信号を比較することを含み、各合成SPOS信号は、合成信号自体によって正規化された合成信号の導関数である。
(4)SPOS赤色=R*SPOSIR又はSPOS赤色/SPOSIR=R
Hbx=様々な種類のヘモグロビンの血液の成分率である。異なる種類のヘモグロビンの成分率の合計=1.0である。
-LED SPOS信号の立ち上がりの直線性、又は
-ガウス導関数及び/又は指数及び/又は多項式の組み合わせへのSPOS信号のフィッティング
心房細動(ランダムなRからRまでの持続時間をもたらす)におけるより長いパルス列に対する2心拍複合選択が図16に示されている。2電極単一リードEKGからの信号(曲線1601)が、赤外(IR)LED PPG信号(曲線1602)と時間的に整列してプロットされている。赤外波長は、静脈血と動脈血からの吸収が比較的同等であるため、この波長が示され、更なる分析のためにパルスを選択するために使用される。
これらの2心拍複合は開始及び終了合成PPG信号の両方を定義するため、第1及び第2の両方の信号最大値(パルス最小値)が定義される。また、類似する2心拍複合の蓄積はDCドリフトの影響を軽減するため、ここで記載される方法は静脈飽和度の推定も可能にする。エンドパルス/静脈酸素飽和度計算の最上位のブロック図が図18に見られる。
以下の本システムの様々な例示的な実施形態では、動作上の代替オプションが提示される。本システムは、本明細書に記載されるシステムのいずれかで具現化することができ、本システムは、以下に記載される様々な例示的な実施形態のみに限定されないと理解されたい。
正常な健康状態では、酸素とグルコースの組織への送達は、好気性解糖、酸素を使用してグルコースを分解するプロセスであり、嫌気性解糖よりもはるかに多くのエネルギーを放出するプロセス、又は発酵(酸素を使用しないグルコースの代謝)によって、組織がエネルギー需要を満たすのに十分である。好気性解糖は、ブドウ糖を水と二酸化炭素に分解するが、嫌気性解糖は、ブドウ糖を乳酸に分解する。健康状態では、乳酸は低く、pH(乳酸の存在によって影響を受ける)は、約7.4に維持される。乳酸の生産を伴う嫌気性代謝により、筋肉は、組織の需要が高く、利用可能なグルコースを「燃焼」するための酸素の送達が不十分であるときに、一時的に余分なエネルギーにアクセスすることを可能にする(このような状況は、短距離を全力疾走するときに見られる)。このようにして生産された乳酸は、肝臓によって血流から取り除かれて、生理的ストレスが解消されるとグルコースに戻るように変換される。これにより、前に発酵したグルコースの完全な好気的解糖が可能となる。
パルスの最小値(LED信号の最大値)では、
(4)デルタ動脈血=ガンマ*デルタ量
(5)デルタ静脈血=(1-ガンマ)*デルタ量
Claims (16)
- 静脈酸素飽和度を判定するためのシステムであって、
(a)人の皮膚に接して配置可能なデバイスと、
(b)光の複数の波長で前記人のPPG信号を測定するための前記デバイスに装着された少なくとも1つのPPGセンサと、
(c)前記人のEKG信号を測定するための複数の電極と、
(d)前記PPG信号及び前記EKG信号を受信及び分析するためのコンピュータロジックシステムと、を備え、前記コンピュータロジックシステムは、
(i)前記EKG信号において心周期を識別するためのシステムと、
(ii)前記識別された心周期における特徴に基づいて、前記PPG信号を一連のPPG信号セグメントにセグメント化するためのシステムと、
(a)前記PPG信号セグメントを複数のビンにソートするためのシステムであって、各ビンが、前のRからRまでの心周期及び現在のRからRまでの心周期の持続時間に基づく、システムと、
(iv)前記複数のビンの各々について合成信号を生成するためのシステムと、
(v)人の静脈酸素飽和度を、
(a)光の異なる波長で測定された合成信号を比較することにより、動脈酸素飽和度を計算することと、
(b)光の異なる波長で測定された2つの連続する信号最大値で合成信号をサブサンプリングすることと、
(c)光の異なる波長で測定された前記サブサンプリングされた合成信号を前記計算された動脈酸素飽和度と比較して、静脈酸素飽和度を判定することと、を行うことによって測定するためのシステムと、を更に備える、システム。 - 光の異なる波長で測定された合成信号を比較することにより、動脈酸素飽和度を計算することが、合成信号プライムオーバ信号(SPOS)信号を比較することを含み、各合成SPOS信号は、前記合成信号自体によって正規化された合成信号の導関数である、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 人の静脈酸素飽和度を測定するための前記システムが、前記人の静脈酸素飽和度を計算するときに前記合成信号が使用される好ましいビンを選択する、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記好ましいビンが、内部に最大数のPPG信号セグメントを有するビンに対応する、請求項3に記載のシステム。
- 前記好ましいビンが、現在のRからRまでの値と前のRからRまでの値との間の最大差を有するビンに対応する、請求項4に記載のシステム。
- 各ビンについて合成信号を生成するための前記システムが、前記ビン内の前記PPG信号セグメントを合計又は平均するためのシステムを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記合成信号が、前記合成信号自体によって正規化された前記合成信号の導関数である合成信号プライムオーバ信号(SPOS)を生成するために使用される、請求項6に記載のシステム。
- 前記コンピュータロジックシステムが、
(vi)光の異なる波長で測定された合成SPOS信号を比較することにより、動脈酸素飽和度を計算するためのシステムを更に備える、請求項7に記載のシステム。 - 前記複数のビンの各々について合成信号を生成するための前記システムが、前記合成信号の計算から異常なPPG信号セグメントを除去するためのシステムを含む、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記合成信号の前記計算から異常なPPG信号セグメントを除去するための前記システムが、
合成信号を計算するために使用される前記PPG信号セグメントの各々のSPOSを、前記計算された合成信号の前記SPOSと比較し、
外れ値のPPG信号セグメントを除去し、
前記外れ値のPPG信号セグメントが除去された前記合成信号を再計算し、
外れ値のPPG信号セグメントがなくなるまで反復を繰り返すことによって、前記合成信号を反復的に再計算するためのシステムを含む、請求項9に記載のシステム。 - 前記デバイスが、ハンドヘルドデバイスであり、前記少なくとも1つのPPGセンサが前記ハンドヘルドデバイス上に装着され、複数の電極ワイヤが前記ハンドヘルドデバイスから延びる、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記デバイスが、ハンドヘルドデバイスであり、前記少なくとも1つのPPGセンサが前記ハンドヘルドデバイス上に装着され、前記複数の電極のうちの少なくとも1つが前記ハンドヘルドデバイス上に装着された、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 光導波路が、前記デバイス上の前記少なくとも1つのPPGセンサと前記人の皮膚との間に挿入されている、請求項11に記載のシステム。
- 前記デバイスは、前記少なくとも1つのPPGセンサ及び前記複数の電極が、前記人の胸または肢の周りに配設されたストラップまたはバンド内に配設されるように、前記人の胸または肢の周りに配設された前記ストラップ又はバンド内に配置されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記デバイスが、パッチであり、前記少なくとも1つのPPGセンサ及び前記複数の電極のうちの少なくとも1つがパッチ内に配置されている、請求項1に記載のシステム。
- 前記コンピュータロジックシステムは、前記合成信号が前記デバイス内で生成されるように前記デバイス内に配置され、静脈酸素飽和度を測定するための前記システムが、
分析のためのリモートコンピュータシステムへの前記合成信号、又は
分析のためのリモートコンピュータシステムへの測定されたPPG信号及びEKG信号、のうちの1つ又は両方を送信するためのデータ送信システムを備える、請求項1に記載のシステム。
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