JP2023180953A - voltage conversion circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a circuit that achieves efficient voltage conversion through coupling of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.SOLUTION: A voltage conversion circuit solves the problem by: coupling one or two permanent magnets 2 at a center position of symmetry of a ferromagnetic substance 1 that is symmetry and exhibits a closed shape, or positions on both sides at an equal distance from the center position; winding and attaching, on both sides of the permanent magnet 2, primary coils 31 wound in directions opposite to each other and connected with each other by a same number of winding wires; winding and attaching, on further both sides of the primary coils 31 on both sides, secondary coils 32 by the same number of winding wires; and applying, to both ends of the primary coils 31 wound and attached to both sides, a direct current by a rectangular pulse generating a magnetic field in a same direction as a magnetic filed formed by the permanent magnet 2 or a basic sine wave having a specified amplitude and angular frequency, or applying a weighted sinusoidal voltage in which doubled sinusoidal voltages having a selectable amplitude and n times angular frequency (n≥2) are sequentially weighted to the basic sine wave.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1(a)

Description

The present invention is directed to a voltage conversion circuit based on a combination of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

In a transformer in which a primary coil and a secondary coil are wound around a ferromagnetic material such as iron, and a sinusoidal AC voltage is applied to the primary coil side, the coupling configuration between the ferromagnetic material and the permanent magnet is usually Not adopted.

In other words, in a normal transformer, no permanent magnet is involved.

However, publicly known techniques regarding the coupling configuration of permanent magnets and electromagnets have been proposed in various technical fields.

For example, in Patent Document 1, both sides of the north and south poles of a permanent magnet with strong magnetic force are sandwiched between the magnetic core ends of two electromagnets, and one or more permanent magnets with strong magnetic force are arranged below so as to repel each other, A magnetic force amplification drive device that generates a strong driving force with a small amount of electric power has been proposed (see FIG. 1 and the solution section of the abstract).

However, Patent Document 1 only proposes a mechanical drive device, and does not propose a voltage conversion configuration using a combination of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

Patent Document 2 proposes a configuration of an energy conversion device 1 including a vibration power generation device EH and a rectifier circuit 71 that allow a magnet block 3 including a permanent magnet and a coil block 4 to be mutually displaced. (Summary Solution and Figure 1).

The above configuration forms a voltage conversion circuit by combining a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

However, the configuration of the energy conversion device according to Patent Document 2 is extremely complicated, and requires relative displacement between the magnet block 3 and the coil block 4, making the operation considerably complicated.

As described above, in the prior art, no structure has been proposed that achieves efficient voltage conversion through a simple combination of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

JP2013-223416A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2014-36462

An object of the present invention is to provide a configuration that realizes efficient voltage conversion using a simple coupling configuration of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet.

In order to solve the above problems, the basic configuration of the present invention is as follows:
(1) One permanent magnet is installed at the center position of two places forming the symmetrical state of a ferromagnetic material that is symmetrical on both sides and has a closed shape, or the polarity is in the same direction. Either two permanent magnets are placed facing each other and protrude in the same direction, or one permanent magnet is placed at each position on both sides equidistant from the center position of the two locations. or by protruding two permanent magnets with polarity in the same direction facing each other in the same direction, and a winding on both sides of the one or two permanent magnets. A primary coil with the same number of turns and opposite wire directions and connected to each other is wound, and a secondary coil with the same number of turns is wound on both sides of the primary coil on both sides. A DC voltage with rectangular pulses is applied to both ends of the primary coil, which is wrapped around a coil and wound on both sides, in a direction that generates a magnetic field in the same direction as the magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet. voltage conversion circuit,
(2) One permanent magnet is installed at the center position of two places forming the symmetrical state of a ferromagnetic material that is symmetrical on both sides and has a closed shape, or the polarity is in the same direction. Either two permanent magnets are placed facing each other and protrude in the same direction, or one permanent magnet is placed at each position on both sides equidistant from the center position of the two locations. or by protruding two permanent magnets with polarity in the same direction facing each other in the same direction, and a winding on both sides of the one or two permanent magnets. A primary coil with the same number of turns and opposite wire directions and connected to each other is wound, and a secondary coil with the same number of turns is wound on both sides of the primary coil on both sides. A fundamental sine wave with a specified amplitude and angular frequency is applied to both ends of the primary coil wrapped around the coil, or the amplitude can be freely selected for the fundamental sine wave. A voltage conversion circuit that applies a weighted sine wave voltage that sequentially weights a doubled sine wave voltage whose angular frequency is n times (however, n≧2),
Consisting of

In the case of basic configurations (1) and (2), a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet is superimposed on the magnetic field formed in the primary coil.

As a result, in basic configurations (1) and (2), the average voltage of the primary coil is increased compared to the case where no permanent magnet is used, and the voltage generated in the secondary coil and the power realized are also increased. This can be increased compared to the case where permanent magnets are not used.
Note that the above increase will be clarified in accordance with specific calculations in the embodiment section.

It is a circuit diagram showing the coupling of the ferromagnetic material, the permanent magnet, the primary coil, and the secondary coil constituting the basic configurations (1) and (2), where two locations form a symmetrical state of the ferromagnetic material. It is a circuit diagram showing the case where one permanent magnet is installed in the center position of. It is a circuit diagram showing the coupling of the ferromagnetic material, the permanent magnet, the primary coil, and the secondary coil constituting the basic configurations (1) and (2), where two locations form a symmetrical state of the ferromagnetic material. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram illustrating a case in which two permanent magnets having polarities in the same direction are protruded in the same direction at the center position of the permanent magnets so as to face each other. It is a circuit diagram showing the coupling of the ferromagnetic material, the permanent magnet, the primary coil, and the secondary coil constituting the basic configurations (1) and (2), where two locations form a symmetrical state of the ferromagnetic material. FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a case in which one permanent magnet is installed at each position on both sides equidistant from the center position of the unit. It is a circuit diagram showing the coupling of the ferromagnetic material, the permanent magnet, the primary coil, and the secondary coil constituting the basic configurations (1) and (2), where two locations form a symmetrical state of the ferromagnetic material. FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing a case in which two permanent magnets having polarity in the same direction are provided facing each other and protruding in the same direction at respective positions on both sides equidistant from the center position of the magnet to couple the magnets. When a magnetic field equivalent to the magnetic field generated by coupling with a permanent magnet is generated, a voltage V ₁ is generated in the primary coil and a voltage V ₂ is generated in the secondary coil. It is a circuit diagram. Note that the dotted line indicates the direction of the magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet. 2 is a graph showing the rectangular wave voltage applied to the primary coil and the waveform of the current flowing through the primary coil and the secondary coil in basic configuration (1), in which (a) shows the rectangular wave voltage, and (b) ) shows the waveform of the current flowing through the primary coil, and (c) shows the waveform of the current flowing through the secondary coil. In basic configuration (2), it shows the input voltage generated in the primary coil when a sine wave voltage with a specified amplitude and angular frequency is applied to the primary coil, and (a) shows the lowest voltage value. shows the case of DC voltage where is larger than 0, (b) shows the case of DC voltage where the minimum voltage value is 0, and (c) shows the case of AC voltage where the minimum voltage value is smaller than 0. . In basic configuration (2), it shows the input voltage generated in the primary coil when not only the basic sine wave voltage but also a weighted sine wave voltage obtained by sequentially weighting the doubled sine wave voltage is applied to the primary coil. , (a) shows the case of DC voltage where the minimum voltage value is greater than 0, (b) shows the case of DC voltage where the minimum voltage value is 0, and (c) shows the case where the minimum voltage value is 0. The case of an AC voltage smaller than 0 is shown.

Basic configurations (1) and (2) consist of a ferromagnetic material 1 that is symmetrical on both sides and has a closed shape, and two parts that form the symmetrical state as shown in FIG. 1(a). Either one permanent magnet 2 is installed at the central position of the area, or as shown in FIG. Permanent magnets 2 are provided facing each other and protruding in the same direction, or as shown in FIG. Either they are connected by installing one permanent magnet 2 at each position on both sides, or they are equidistant from the two center positions forming the symmetrical state, as shown in FIG. 1(d). At each position on both sides, two permanent magnets 2 having the same polarity are protruded in the same direction so as to face each other, and the two permanent magnets 2 are connected to each other. , the primary coils 31 whose winding directions are opposite to each other and have the same number of windings and are connected to each other are wound, and the same windings are wound on both sides of the primary coils 31 on both sides. A secondary coil 32 is wound around it depending on the number of wires.

By combining the permanent magnets 2, a magnetic field as shown by the dotted arrow is generated in the core, which is formed into a closed shape by the ferromagnetic material 1 such as iron, as shown in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. As a result, a state is realized in which voltage V ₁ is applied to the primary coil 31 and voltage V ₂ is applied to the secondary coil 32.

が成立する。 In such a case, let the average magnetic flux formed in the ferromagnetic core by the permanent magnet 2 be B, and let the number of each winding on both sides of the primary coil 31 be _N1 , and in order to generate the magnetic flux B corresponding to the magnetic field H, The required voltage is V ₁ , the number of turns on each side of the secondary coil 32 is N ₂ , the voltage required to generate the magnetic flux B corresponding to the magnetic field H is V ₂ , and the resistance of the primary coil 31 is The value is _R1 , the resistance value of the secondary coil 32 is _R2 (usually includes not only the resistance of the secondary coil 32 itself but also the resistance of the load), the magnetic permeability is μ, and the ferromagnetic material is If the cross section of 1 is circular and the diameter of the circle is A, then based on Maxwell's equations,

holds true.

という近似式が成立する。 Therefore, even if the cross section of the ferromagnetic material 1 is not circular, if the average diameter is A, then

The following approximate expression holds true.

The technical significance of basic configuration (1) will be explained as follows.

が成立する。 The self-inductance in the primary coil 31 is L, the resistance of the primary coil 31 is _R1 , and as shown in FIG. 3(a), in addition to the steady voltage _V1 based on the coupling with the permanent magnet 2, the pulse width is T ₁ , and when a rectangular wave voltage ΔV ₁ with a period of T ₁ +T ₂ is applied, the induced current I ₁ in the primary coil 31 is as follows:

holds true.

である。 For the steady current I ₁ corresponding to V ₁ ,

It is.

が成立し、
Ｔ_１≦ｔ≦Ｔ_１＋Ｔ_２の段階では、

が成立する。 Regarding the induced current ΔI ₁ for each period corresponding to ΔV ₁ ,
0≦t≦T At stage ₁ ,

is established,
At the stage of T ₁ ≦t≦T ₁ +T ₂ ,

holds true.

（但し、０≦ｔ≦ｔ_１）

（但し、T_１≦T≦ｔ_１＋ｔ_２）
を得ることができる。 Thus, as shown in Figure 3(b),

(However, 0≦t≦t ₁ )

(However, T ₁ ≦T≦t ₁ +t ₂ )
can be obtained.

Let M be the mutual inductance between the upper induced current and the corresponding primary coils 31 on both the left and right sides and the secondary coils 32 on both the left and right sides, L' be the self-inductance of the secondary coils 32, and let the secondary coils If the resistance value on the 32 side is _R2 and the current flowing through the secondary coil ₃₂ is _I2 , then the _secondary Regarding the induced current I ₂ conducting on the coil 32 side, the following general formula holds true.

Since the ferromagnetic material 1 is interposed between the primary coil 31 and the secondary coil 32, the mutual inductance M has a larger value than when the ferromagnetic material 1 is not interposed.

である。 Of the induced current I ₂ , the steady current I ₂ corresponding to the DC voltage V ₂ is:

It is.

が成立し、
Ｔ_１≦ｔ≦Ｔ_１＋Ｔ_２の段階では、

が成立する。
尚、［数１１］におけるｔ＝０の値と、［数１２］におけるｔ＝Ｔ_１の値が同一値であり、かつ符号が逆転しているが、当該逆転の原因は、［数９］におけるＭｄＩ_１／ｄｔがｔ＝Ｔ_１の前後において符号が－から＋に変化していることにある。 Regarding the induced current _ΔI2 corresponding to MdI1/dt,
0≦t≦T At stage ₁ ,

is established,
At the stage of T ₁ ≦t≦T ₁ +T ₂ ,

holds true.
Note that the value of t=0 in [Equation 11] and the value of t=T ₁ in [Equation 12] are the same value and have reversed signs, but the cause of the reversal is [Equation 9] The reason is that the sign of MdI ₁ /dt changes from - to + before and after t=T ₁ .

（但し、０≦ｔ≦Ｔ_１）

（但し、Ｔ_１≦ｔ≦Ｔ_１＋Ｔ_２）
が成立する。
尚、図３においては、Ｔ_１＞Ｔ_２を示すが、Ｔ_１とＴ_２の大小関係は、Ｔ_１＜Ｔ_２、更には後述する実施例のようにＴ_１＝Ｔ_２の場合の何れをも選択することができる。 Thus, the induced current _I2 of the secondary coil 32 is as shown in FIG. 3(c).

(However, 0≦t≦T ₁ )

(However, T ₁ ≦t≦T ₁ +T ₂ )
holds true.
Although T ₁ > T ₂ is shown in FIG. 3, the magnitude relationship between T ₁ and T ₂ is different from T ₁ <T ₂ or even when T ₁ = T ₂ as in the example described later. can also be selected.

（但し、０≦ｔ≦ｔ_１）

（但し、Ｔ_１≦ｔ≦Ｔ_１＋Ｔ_２）
が成立する。 Therefore, regarding the voltage V generated on the secondary coil 32 side formed in each secondary coil 32 on both sides,

(However, 0≦t≦t ₁ )

(However, T ₁ ≦t≦T ₁ +T ₂ )
holds true.

If the permanent magnet 2 is not coupled in FIGS. 1(a), 1(b), 1(c), and 1(d), then V ₂ =0.

Therefore, it is found that due to the coupling with the permanent magnet 2, the voltage increases by the voltage _V2 in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG.

The comparison of power on the secondary coil 32 side is as follows.

であり、
Ｔ_１≦ｔ≦Ｔ_１＋Ｔ_２の段階では、

である。 According to the general formula for V, the power V ² /R is:
0≦t≦T At stage ₁ ,

and
At the stage of T ₁ ≦t≦T ₁ +T ₂ ,

It is.

When focusing on the power consumption per unit time, if the permanent magnet 2 is not coupled in FIGS. 1(a), 1(b), 1(c), and 1(d), In the power consumption per unit time, V ₂ =0, and it is found that the power consumption per unit time increases by V ₂ .

The technical significance of basic configuration (2) will be explained as follows.

As in the case of basic configuration ( ₁ ), the equivalent circuit shown in FIG _. The state can be set.

である。 Regarding the induced current I ₁ on the primary coil 31 side when a single fundamental sine wave of ΔV ₁ is applied to the primary coil 31,

It is.

である。 In the above general formula, when the current component based on transient phenomena is ignored and the steady current _I1 is set, the steady current corresponding to _V1 is:

It is.

が成立する。
（但し、

である。） Of the steady current I ₁ , the steady current ΔI ₁ corresponding to ΔVsinωt is as follows:

holds true.
(however,

It is. )

が成立する。
但し、過渡現象による寄与分を度外視し、定常電流Ｉ_２を設定した場合には、Ｖ_２に対応する定常電流は、

である。 Regarding the induced current _I2 generated in the secondary coil 32, if the self-inductance of the secondary coil 32 is set to L' as in the case of basic configuration (1), then

holds true.
However, if the contribution due to transient phenomena is ignored and the steady current _I2 is set, the steady current corresponding to _V2 is

It is.

が成立する。
（但し、

である。） On the other hand, regarding the steady current ΔI ₂ corresponding to MdI ₁ /dt,

holds true.
(however,

It is. )

が成立する。
（但し、

である。） Thus, regarding the voltage V generated by the secondary coil 32,

holds true.
(however,

It is. )

が成立する。 Therefore, regarding the effective value of the voltage V generated on the secondary coil 32 side,

holds true.

If the permanent magnet 2 is not coupled in FIGS. 1(a), 1(b), 1(c), and 1(d), then at the effective value |V|, V ₂ =0. be.

Therefore, it is found that the effective value |V| of the voltage increases by the voltage V ₂ in the equivalent circuit diagram of FIG. 2 due to the coupling with the permanent magnet 2.

である。 The effective value of the power on the secondary coil 32 side, that is, the average power value is:

It is.

As is clear from the general formula for power, in the basic configuration (2), in the case of the fundamental sine wave, the power increases by the power V ₂ ² /R ₂ based on the coupling with the permanent magnet 2. becomes clear.

が成立する（但し、

である。）。 In the case of a weighted sine wave in which doubled sine waves whose angular frequency is n times (however, n≧2) are sequentially weighted with respect to the fundamental sine wave, for the steady current ΔI ₁ ,

holds true (however,

It is. ).

が成立する（但し、

である。）。 Furthermore, regarding the steady current ΔI ₂ corresponding to Mdi/dt,

holds true (however,

It is. ).

である。 Thus, regarding the voltage V generated by the secondary coil 32,

It is.

が成立する。 Therefore, regarding the effective value of the voltage V generated by the secondary coil 32,

holds true.

である。 Furthermore, the effective value of the power on the secondary coil 32 side, that is, the value of the average power, is

It is.

Therefore, it is found that in the basic configuration (2), even in the case of the weighted sinusoidal voltage, an increase in power by V ₂ ² /R ₂ based on the coupling with the permanent magnet 2 is realized.

In the basic configurations (1) and (2), as shown in the circuit diagrams of Fig. 1(a), Fig. 1(b), Fig. 1(c), and Fig. 1(d), the An embodiment is adopted in which mutual connection areas in the primary coils 31 are connected to ground.

In the above embodiment, the current I ₁ on both sides of the primary coil 31 can be kept in a stable state, and by extension, the current I ₂ and the voltage V on the secondary coil 32 side can also be kept in a stable state.

In FIGS. 1(a), 1(c), and 2, a rectangular shape is selected as the closed shape of the ferromagnetic body 1.

However, the closed shape is not limited to a rectangle; for example, a circular shape as shown in FIG. 1(b) or an elliptical shape as shown in FIG. 1(d) can also be adopted.

Hereinafter, description will be made based on examples.

The first embodiment is characterized in that the ON time and the OFF time of the rectangular pulse are equal in the basic configuration (1), that is, T ₁ =T ₂ in FIG. 3 .

において、ｔ＝Ｔ_１＋Ｔ_２の場合に、ΔＩ_２＝０、即ちｔ＝０と同一の状態を実現することができる。 In the case of T ₁ =T ₂ , for the general solution ΔI ₂ in the secondary coil 32 of T ₁ ≦t≦T ₁ +T ₂ in basic configuration (1),

In the case of t=T ₁ +T ₂ , the same state as ΔI ₂ =0, that is, t=0, can be realized.

Therefore, in the first embodiment, it is possible to realize the current I ₂ on the secondary coil 32 side having the same shape very accurately in response to the rectangular wave on the primary coil 31 side.

In the second embodiment, in both the basic sine wave voltage and the weighted sine wave voltage of basic configuration (2), the voltage generated in the primary coil 31 by the magnetic field in the ferromagnetic body 1 by the permanent magnet 2 and the primary coil It is characterized in that the lowest value of the input voltage, which is the total sum with the voltage applied to 31, is greater than 0.

To explain specifically, in basic configuration (2), the amplitude ΔV ₁ of the sine wave applied to the primary coil 31 is determined by the amplitude ΔV 1 of the sine wave applied to the primary coil 31. Regarding the applied voltage V1 at 31, as shown in FIGS. 4(a) and 5(a), when V ₁ >ΔV ₁ , as shown in FIG. 4(b) and FIG. 5(b), V ₁ = ΔV ₁ , there is a case where V ₁ <ΔV ₁ , as shown in FIGS. 4(c) and 5(c).

When V ₁ > ΔV ₁ , a fundamental sine wave voltage and a weighted sine wave voltage forming a direct current are applied to the primary coil 31, and when V ₁ = ΔV ₁ , the lower limit is 0. A fundamental sinusoidal voltage and a weighted sinusoidal voltage are applied, and if V ₁ <ΔV ₁ , it results in that a fundamental sinusoidal voltage and a weighted sinusoidal voltage due to alternating current are applied to the primary coil 31 .

Example 2 corresponds to the case where V ₁ >ΔV ₁ .

As is clear from the general equation (1) and the approximate equation (2), in the equivalent circuit of FIG. 2, the larger V ₁ is, the larger V ₂ is.

Considering the above relationship, in the case of the second embodiment, by realizing a larger value of _V2 , the increase in voltage due to the coupling with the permanent magnet 2 and the increase in the power on the secondary coil 32 side can be efficiently achieved. It can be realized in a practical manner.

In this way, the present invention, which is based on basic configurations (1) and (2), efficiently amplifies the voltage and further increases the power on the secondary coil side by coupling the permanent magnet and the electromagnet. It can be realized, and its range of applications is enormous.

1 Ferromagnetic material 2 Permanent magnet 31 Primary coil 32 Secondary coil

Claims (6)

One permanent magnet is installed at the center position of two places forming the symmetrical state of a ferromagnetic material that is symmetrical on both sides and has a closed shape, or the polarity is in the same direction. Two permanent magnets are placed facing each other and protrude in the same direction, or one permanent magnet is installed at each position on both sides equidistant from the center position of the two places. Alternatively, two permanent magnets with polarity in the same direction are connected by protruding in the same direction while facing each other, and the winding direction is on both sides of the one or two permanent magnets. Wound primary coils that are mutually opposite and have the same number of turns and are connected to each other, and wind secondary coils with the same number of turns on both sides of the primary coils on both sides. A voltage converter circuit that applies a DC voltage in the form of rectangular pulses to both ends of a primary coil that is attached and wound on both sides in a direction that generates a magnetic field in the same direction as the magnetic field formed by the permanent magnet. . 2. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein the ON time and OFF time of the rectangular pulse are equal. One permanent magnet is installed at the center position of two places forming the symmetrical state of a ferromagnetic material that is symmetrical on both sides and has a closed shape, or the polarity is in the same direction. Two permanent magnets are placed facing each other and protrude in the same direction, or one permanent magnet is installed at each position on both sides equidistant from the center position of the two places. Alternatively, two permanent magnets with polarity in the same direction are connected by protruding in the same direction while facing each other, and the winding direction is on both sides of the one or two permanent magnets. Wound primary coils that are mutually opposite and have the same number of turns and are connected to each other, and wind secondary coils with the same number of turns on both sides of the primary coils on both sides. A fundamental sine wave with a specified amplitude and angular frequency is applied to both ends of the primary coil that is attached to the coil and wound on both sides, or the amplitude is freely selectable for the fundamental sine wave. , and applying a weighted sine wave voltage which is sequentially weighted with a doubled sine wave voltage whose angular frequency is n times (however, n≧2). 4. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 3, wherein the minimum value of the input voltage, which is the sum of the voltage generated in the primary coil due to the magnetic field in the ferromagnetic body by the permanent magnet and the voltage applied to the primary coil, is greater than zero. 4. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein mutual connection areas of the primary coils wound on both sides are connected to ground. 4. The voltage conversion circuit according to claim 1, wherein the closed shape is rectangular, circular, or elliptical.

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