JP2023175591A - Temperature time integration indicator - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、食品等の検体が、劣化を生じる温度にどのくらいの期間暴露されたのか、温度時間積算履歴を不可逆な、色や目盛の変化で表示することができる温度時間積算インジケーターに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a temperature-time integration indicator that can display the temperature-time integration history by irreversible changes in color and scale, indicating how long a sample, such as food, has been exposed to temperatures that cause deterioration. .
生鮮食品や弁当など、微生物の増殖等により品質が劣化する食品又は温度に敏感な、生成物の劣化状況を判断するインジケーターとして、次のような報告がされている。
(ア)上昇温度と時間に依存して変色するインクや反応剤が発色することで、劣化状況を示す。(特許文献1~11)
(イ)拡散性の染料が温度上昇と時間の経緯により、染料拡散層に拡散浸透し、染色することによって温度履歴を示す。(特許文献12~15)
(ウ)微生物と該微生物に特定の活性剤層を接触させ、微生物の代謝により引き起こされる変色指示薬又は、ガス発生により時間温度履歴を示す。(特許文献16~17)
(a) Deterioration is indicated by the color development of the ink or reactant, which changes color depending on the rising temperature and time. (
(a) Diffusible dye diffuses into the dye diffusion layer as the temperature rises and over time, and the dyeing shows the temperature history. (Patent Documents 12 to 15)
(c) A specific active agent layer is brought into contact with the microorganism, and the time-temperature history is indicated by a color change indicator or gas generation caused by the metabolism of the microorganism. (Patent Documents 16-17)
従来の技術には以下のような欠点がある。
(A)本来このインジケーターは、食品等に添付されるべきものであるので、材料には食品に混入することがあっても安全であるものを使用することが望ましい。
(ア)(イ)の場合、指示薬等や染料に、毒性が有していて飲食するのにふさわしくない薬品を使用した場合、インジケーターが破損し内容物が散乱したとき、添付された食品等まで汚染されてしまうことになる。
(ウ)のように微生物を使用する場合でも同様で、食品等が高濃度の微生物に汚染されてしまう。使用する微生物の種類は、実際の場合に腐食の原因となる微生物を選択することがインジケーターの精度を上げることに通じると思われるが、そのような微生物を食品等と共に置くことは事故の原因となりうる。
微生物の選択を比較的人体に影響の少ない酵母や乳酸菌に置き換えたとしても、破損があった場合、汚染されることに違いはなく、品質検査で微生物検査を行った場合、微生物数過剰ということで不良品と判断されることになるし、味等の品質が劣化したりガスを発生することになりかねない。The conventional technology has the following drawbacks.
(A) Since this indicator should originally be attached to foods, etc., it is desirable to use materials that are safe even if they are mixed into foods.
In the case of (a) and (b), if the indicator or dye uses chemicals that are toxic and unsuitable for consumption, if the indicator is damaged and the contents are scattered, or if the attached food etc. It will become contaminated.
The same is true when microorganisms are used as in (c), and foods, etc. are contaminated with high concentrations of microorganisms. As for the type of microorganisms to be used, selecting microorganisms that actually cause corrosion may improve the accuracy of the indicator, but placing such microorganisms together with food may cause accidents. sell.
Even if the selection of microorganisms is replaced with yeast or lactic acid bacteria, which have relatively little effect on the human body, if there is damage, there will still be contamination, and if microbial testing is performed during quality inspection, the number of microorganisms will be excessive. This may lead to the product being judged as defective, and the taste and other quality may deteriorate or gas may be emitted.
(B)従来は、表示される検体の劣化状況が、不連続の数段階でしか表示できないものや、連続であっても、色等の判別がつきにくく、明確に劣化状況を表示できないものであった。微生物を使用する手法の場合、ガス発生量や、代謝による指示薬の変色は、反応がスタートしてからある程度の期間、ほぼ変化無しの状況が続き、急に反応が進むので、初期の段階では、あと何時間まで安全かの判断を行いにくい。(B) Conventionally, the deterioration status of a specimen could only be displayed in several discontinuous stages, or even if it was continuous, it was difficult to distinguish colors etc., and the deterioration status could not be clearly displayed. there were. In the case of methods that use microorganisms, the amount of gas generated and the color change of the indicator due to metabolism remain almost unchanged for a certain period of time after the reaction starts, and then the reaction progresses rapidly. It is difficult to judge how many hours remain until it is safe.
本発明は、課題を克服するために、安全度によって色分けされた表示目盛または、それに相当する明確に区別できる表示目盛を吸着剤として使用する紙類、薄層、薄膜に覆い隠す。
吸着剤は、不揮発性もしくは低揮発性液体が浸透したときに、透明度が増し下の表示目盛が透けて確認できるので、不揮発性液体もしくは低揮発性液体が吸着剤を拡散上昇した度合いだけ、隠されていた下の表示目盛が見える仕組みになっている。
たとえば、下の表示目盛を安全領域は青色表示、注意領域は黄色表示、危険領域は赤色表示と色分けしておくと一つの表示目盛で検体の危険度を連続的に、容易に確認できる表示が可能となる。In order to overcome this problem, the present invention covers a color-coded display scale according to the degree of safety or a corresponding clearly distinguishable display scale on a paper, a thin layer or a thin film used as an adsorbent.
When a non-volatile or low-volatile liquid permeates the adsorbent, its transparency increases and the display scale underneath can be seen. The display scale is now visible.
For example, by color-coding the lower display scale so that safe areas are displayed in blue, caution areas are displayed in yellow, and dangerous areas are displayed in red, the degree of danger of the sample can be easily confirmed continuously on one display scale. It becomes possible.
不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体は、温度が上昇するにつれて、吸着剤を拡散上昇する速度が大きくなる。
また同一条件では、拡散速度に再現性が確認される。
この二点の拡散速度の特性と、液体が浸透することにより透明度が増す吸着剤の性質を利用して、再現性のよい、温度時間積算インジケーターを提供する。A non-volatile or low volatility liquid will diffuse up the adsorbent at a greater rate as the temperature increases.
Furthermore, under the same conditions, reproducibility of the diffusion rate was confirmed.
Utilizing these two characteristics of diffusion rate and the property of the adsorbent whose transparency increases as liquid permeates therein, a temperature-time integration indicator with good reproducibility is provided.
以下の2点において、従来品にはない効果が得られる。
(イ)本発明は有害な物質を使用しないで作成することができる。
吸着剤、表示目盛、容器は、人間が食して有害でない物質、または溶出試験、浸出試験において有害な物質が検出されないものを選択し、不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体については、食品の範疇の中から選択すれば、事故によってインジケーターが破損し、内容物が散乱した場合でも、添付されている食品等は、有害物質や微生物に汚染されることなく、安心して食する等使用できる。In the following two points, effects not found in conventional products can be obtained.
(a) The present invention can be produced without using harmful substances.
For the adsorbent, display scale, and container, select substances that are not harmful to human consumption, or those that do not detect harmful substances in elution or leaching tests. If you choose one of these, even if the indicator is damaged due to an accident and its contents are scattered, the attached food etc. will not be contaminated with harmful substances or microorganisms and you can safely eat or use it.
(ロ)吸着剤は、不揮発性又は低揮発性液体との仕切りをはずした瞬間から温度、時間表示がスタートし、限界表示時間に至るまで、いかなる時に見ても連続的な温度時間積算量を確認することができる。
又、安全度、危険度を表示するために色分け、目盛の形などで表示目盛を区分し、使用者が視覚的に判断しやすい多数の方法を選択できる。(b) The temperature and time display of the adsorbent starts from the moment the partition with the non-volatile or low-volatile liquid is removed, and the temperature and time display continues continuously at any time until the limit display time is reached. It can be confirmed.
In addition, the display scale is divided by color, scale shape, etc. in order to display the degree of safety and risk, and the user can select from a number of methods that are easy to visually judge.
本発明の基本構造は以下の通りである。
(a)不揮発性液体又は低揮発性液体(1)と、それを封入する容器(2)
(b)表示目盛を付した吸着剤(3)とそれを封入する容器(4)
(c)(2)と(4)の連結部を遮断する取り外し可能もしくは開閉可能な仕切り(5)The basic structure of the present invention is as follows.
(a) Non-volatile liquid or low-volatility liquid (1) and container enclosing it (2)
(b) Adsorbent (3) with display scale and container to enclose it (4)
(c) a removable or openable partition (5) that interrupts the connection between (2) and (4);
本発明における表示目盛支持体は材料、大きさ、長さ、幅、色彩等特に制限はない。表示目盛支持体が吸着剤であってもよい。 The display scale support in the present invention is not particularly limited in terms of material, size, length, width, color, etc. The display scale support may be an adsorbent.
本発明における表示目盛は、使用する不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体に溶出する成分原料ではない限り、その他の条件に制限はない。
ただ、有害物質でないことが望ましい。The display scale in the present invention is not limited to other conditions as long as it is not a component raw material that dissolves in the non-volatile liquid or low-volatility liquid used.
However, it is desirable that it is not a harmful substance.
本発明における不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体は、大豆油、麺実油、菜種油、オリーブオイル等の食品であることが望ましいが、他の物質であっても常温で液体であり、不揮発性または低揮発性の性質を有しておれば、その効果を生じるものとしてなんら制限はない。
また、表示目盛が見える程度の透過性を有していればなんら制限はない。
揮発性の液体の場合、吸着剤から蒸発していき、正確な値が測定できない。
又、容器中に蒸発した液体の温度が低下することで結露し、吸着剤を濡らしてしまい正確な測定ができない。The non-volatile liquid or low-volatile liquid in the present invention is preferably a food such as soybean oil, noodle oil, rapeseed oil, or olive oil, but other substances are liquid at room temperature and are non-volatile or As long as it has low volatility, there are no restrictions on what can produce that effect.
Further, there is no restriction at all as long as it has transparency to the extent that the display scale can be seen.
In the case of volatile liquids, they evaporate from the adsorbent, making accurate measurements impossible.
Furthermore, as the temperature of the liquid evaporated in the container decreases, dew condenses and wets the adsorbent, making accurate measurements impossible.
本発明における吸着剤は、紙、繊維、プラスチック等、毛管現象による吸上げが生じる物質又は物質の組合せであり、不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体が吸着剤に浸透したとき、吸着剤に下に隠された表示目盛が透して見える程の透過性を有するものであれば他になんら制限はない。 The adsorbent in the present invention is a substance or a combination of substances, such as paper, fiber, plastic, etc., which causes wicking by capillary action, and when a non-volatile liquid or a low-volatility liquid permeates into the adsorbent, There are no other restrictions as long as the display is transparent enough to allow the hidden display scale to be seen through.
本発明における容器は、透明性を有し、吸着剤や不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体を保持し固定できる強度があること、不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体を吸着、浸透しない物質であればなんら制限はない。 The container in the present invention must be transparent, strong enough to hold and fix the adsorbent, non-volatile liquid or low-volatility liquid, and be made of a material that does not absorb or permeate the non-volatile liquid or low-volatile liquid. There are no restrictions.
本発明における仕切りは、不揮発性液体または低揮発性液体を吸着、浸透しない物質であり、液体を遮断する強度があれば、他になんら制限はない。 The partition in the present invention is a material that does not adsorb or penetrate non-volatile liquids or low-volatility liquids, and there are no other limitations as long as it has the strength to block liquid.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいてさらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
なお、実施例における試験方法は以下の通りである。実施例1は、弁当用の温度時間積算インジケーターと仮定する。Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in more detail based on Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.
In addition, the test method in Examples is as follows. Example 1 assumes a temperature time integration indicator for lunch boxes.
吸着剤:材質として市販のコピー用紙を使用。
長さ約85mm、幅約2mm、厚さ約70μmを2枚作成。
そのうち一枚には表示目盛、及び安全度を示す色彩を印刷する。
目盛は1mm毎に0.1mmのラインを印刷。
印刷材質は、市販のジェットプリンター用カーボントナーを使用。印刷した吸着剤は、印刷した面を内側に、もう一枚の吸着剤と貼り合わせる。([図4]参照)
これにより、表面は白一色の紙片と見えるようになる。Adsorbent: Commercially available copy paper is used as the material.
Create two pieces approximately 85mm long, 2mm wide, and 70μm thick.
On one of the sheets, a display scale and color indicating the degree of safety are printed.
The scale is printed with 0.1mm lines every 1mm.
The printing material used is commercially available carbon toner for jet printers. The printed adsorbent is attached to another sheet of adsorbent with the printed side facing inside. (See [Figure 4])
This makes the surface look like a solid white piece of paper.
不揮発性液体:食用油(オリーブオイル)使用。
不揮発性液体用容器:材質ポリプロピレン使用。長さ約35mm、厚さ約0.1mm、内径約4mmの一方は閉じた円筒型。([図3]2参照)
円筒の中に長さ約25mm分に脱脂綿を詰めて、不揮発性液体の保持体とした。([図3]1参照)Non-volatile liquid: Uses cooking oil (olive oil).
Container for non-volatile liquids: Made of polypropylene. It is cylindrical with a length of about 35 mm, a thickness of about 0.1 mm, and an inner diameter of about 4 mm, with one side closed. (See [Figure 3] 2)
Absorbent cotton was stuffed into the cylinder to a length of about 25 mm to serve as a holder for the nonvolatile liquid. (See [Figure 3] 1)
吸着剤用容器:材質ポリプロピレン使用。
長さ約90mm、厚さ約0.1mm、内径約4mmの一方は閉じた円筒型。([図3]4参照)
吸着剤容器の外径は、不揮発性容器の内径より少し小さくなるように設定する。
吸着剤容器([図1]4参照)は、開いた口の端が、不揮発性液体容器([図3]2参照)の開いた口の端に入り込むことによって固定される。Adsorbent container: Made of polypropylene.
It is cylindrical with a length of about 90 mm, a thickness of about 0.1 mm, and an inner diameter of about 4 mm, with one side closed. (See [Figure 3] 4)
The outer diameter of the adsorbent container is set to be slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the nonvolatile container.
The adsorbent container (see 4 in FIG. 1) is fixed by having its open end inserted into the open end of the non-volatile liquid container (see 2 in FIG. 3).
仕切り:材質ポリエチレン、厚さ約50μm、約5mmの片方開放円筒型。([図3]5参照)
不揮発性液体容器([図3]2参照)と吸着剤容器([図3]4参照)との間に挟むようにして、仕切りとした。Partition: Made of polyethylene, approximately 50μm thick, approximately 5mm cylindrical with one side open. (See [Figure 3] 5)
The partition was sandwiched between a nonvolatile liquid container (see 2 in FIG. 3) and an adsorbent container (see 4 in FIG. 3).
本実施例の作用機構は、仕切りによって分断されていた不揮発性液体と吸着剤が、仕切りを撤去することによって、吸着剤と不揮発性液体連結部から、不揮発性液体が吸着剤への吸着、移行が開始されることにより始まる。([図5]参照)
吸着剤の不揮発性液体の移行速度は、以下の試験結果に従い、温度が高いほど、移行速度は速くなり、細菌の増殖と同様の傾向を示す。
吸着剤は、不揮発性液体を吸着した部分について、紙の表面の光分散を抑えるため、裏側の目盛や、安全度を示す色彩が、表側に見える様になる。
このことにより、細菌増殖の危険度を表示できることとなる。The working mechanism of this example is that when the non-volatile liquid and adsorbent are separated by a partition, by removing the partition, the non-volatile liquid is adsorbed and transferred from the adsorbent and non-volatile liquid connecting part to the adsorbent. It begins with the start of. (See [Figure 5])
The migration rate of the non-volatile liquid of the adsorbent is according to the following test results: the higher the temperature, the faster the migration rate, showing a similar trend to bacterial growth.
The adsorbent suppresses light scattering on the surface of the paper in the area where the non-volatile liquid has been adsorbed, so the scale on the back side and the color indicating the degree of safety become visible on the front side.
This allows the degree of risk of bacterial growth to be displayed.
<試験結果>
実施例1を、20℃、25℃、32℃の温度条件下で、仕切りをはずして、吸着剤への不揮発性液体の拡散上昇をスタートさせ、1時間毎の拡散距離を記録したものを以下に示す。(単位はmm)<Test results>
In Example 1, the partition was removed under temperature conditions of 20°C, 25°C, and 32°C, and the diffusion increase of the nonvolatile liquid to the adsorbent was started, and the diffusion distance was recorded every hour. Shown below. (Unit is mm)
弁当の安全指標として、食品衛生法より「盛り付け後喫食までの時間が7時間以内の場合には食中毒発生の可能性が少なく、4時間以内の場合にはその可能性がほとんどない」と記されている。
また、一般生菌数が1,000,000個/g以下という指標も示されている。(参考文献1)
これは、指標菌を大腸菌として、真夏を想定したとき、初期菌数10個/gの場合、温度32℃での7時間後の菌数が1,000,000個/g以下にあたる。
このとき4時間後の菌数は1,000個/g以下となる。(参考文献2)
この、菌数が1,000,000個/g以下となる時間と拡散距離、1,000個/g以下となる時間と拡散距離を各温度で示すと以下の表のようになる。As a safety indicator for boxed lunches, the Food Sanitation Law states that ``If the time from serving to eating is within 7 hours, there is a low possibility of food poisoning, and if it is within 4 hours, there is almost no possibility of food poisoning.'' ing.
Furthermore, an indicator that the number of viable bacteria in general is 1,000,000 cells/g or less is also shown. (Reference 1)
This means that when the indicator bacteria is Escherichia coli and assuming midsummer, if the initial number of bacteria is 10 cells/g, the number of bacteria after 7 hours at a temperature of 32° C. will be 1,000,000 cells/g or less.
At this time, the number of bacteria after 4 hours is 1,000 cells/g or less. (Reference 2)
The following table shows the time and diffusion distance when the number of bacteria becomes 1,000,000 cells/g or less, and the time and diffusion distance when the bacteria count becomes 1,000 cells/g or less at each temperature.
表2に示すように、指標菌が各温度で1,000個/gに増殖する時間に、拡散上昇する拡散距離と、1,000,000個/gに増殖する時間に、拡散上昇する拡散距離はほぼ一致している。
これは指標菌を大腸菌以外の食中毒菌に代えても同様の結果になる。(参考文献2)
この結果は、微生物の増殖速度を、不揮発性液体又は低揮発性液体の拡散距離がほぼ正確に表示できることを示している。As shown in Table 2, the diffusion distance increases when the indicator bacteria grows to 1,000 cells/g at each temperature, and the diffusion distance increases when the indicator bacteria grows to 1,000,000 cells/g. The distances are almost the same.
Similar results can be obtained even if the indicator bacteria are replaced with food poisoning bacteria other than E. coli. (Reference 2)
This result shows that the diffusion distance of a non-volatile liquid or a low-volatility liquid can almost accurately represent the growth rate of microorganisms.
「弁当及びそうざいの衛生規範について」昭和54年6月29日環食第161号厚生省環境衛生局食品衛生課長通知"Regarding Hygiene Standards for Lunch Boxes and Preparations" June 29, 1978 Kanshoku No. 161 Notification from the Director of the Food Sanitation Division, Environmental Sanitation Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare
Fujikawa,H.,Kai,A.,Morozumi,S.(2003):A new logistic model for bacterial growth.J.Food Hyg.Soc.Japan.44,155-160.Fujikawa, H. , Kai, A. , Morozumi,S. (2003): A new logistic model for bacterial growth. J. Food Hyg. Soc. Japan. 44, 155-160.
1 不揮発性液体又は低揮発性液体
2 不揮発性液体又は低揮発性液体を封入する容器
3 表示目盛を付した吸着剤
4 表示目盛を付した吸着剤を封入する容器
5 1と3の連結部を遮断する取り外し可能もしくは開閉可能な仕切り
3.1 吸着剤 目盛印刷済紙片
3.2 吸着剤 目盛印刷無紙片1 A non-volatile liquid or a low-volatility liquid 2 A container for enclosing a non-volatile liquid or a low-
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