JP2023172803A - Specification method of water entry point into building - Google Patents

Abstract

To accurately specify a water entry point into a building in a short time with a simple tool.SOLUTION: A specification method of a water entry point into a building includes: after estimating a water entry route into a building based on water leak damage situation, using a moisture meter to perform first measurement for measuring a first area including the water entry route; narrowing down points where water is suspected to have entered based on the result of the first measurement; injecting water for detection into the suspected water entry points; after the lapse of a prescribed time, performing a second measurement for measuring a second area including water seepage points inside the building using the moisture meter; and specifying the water entry point based on the result of the second measurement.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 3

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for identifying the location of water intrusion into a building.

Water infiltration into buildings may occur due to rain leaks or deterioration of old pipes (hereinafter, unless there is a particular distinction between water intrusion into buildings from rain leaks or pipes, these are collectively referred to as " (Also called "water leakage.") When these water leaks occur or are suspected of occurring, visual inspections, water spray inspections, gas injection inspections, infrared thermography inspections, investigations using electricity, etc. are conducted. Regarding water infiltration, a form in which water seeps in is sometimes specifically referred to as "seepage", but in this specification, it refers to all situations in which water enters the inside of a building, including "water seepage". The term ``water intrusion'' shall be used as the term.

Patent Document 1 describes an alternative method to the above-mentioned visual inspection, water spray inspection, and infrared thermography inspection, in which high-pressure cooling air from a cold air generator is injected into cracks inside a building, and an infrared thermography is used to investigate outdoor (indoor) inspections. A method has been disclosed in which the location of rain leakage can be identified by investigating the temperature distribution on the top surface.

Patent Document 2 discloses a method of identifying a location causing a rain leak by visually confirming a crack in the outer wall of a house, and then applying a syringe to the crack and injecting a certain amount of water. There is.

Patent Document 3 describes a rainwater survey as an alternative to the above-mentioned gas injection investigation, in which a colored investigation liquid is injected into one or more locations, and the colored investigation solution is precipitated as colored crystals at the leakage location. A method for identifying the infiltration route is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2006-30101 JP2016-217774A JP2002-277343A

In the methods of Patent Documents 1 to 3 described above, it is necessary to identify the position of cracks or fissures in advance through visual inspection or the like. However, there is a problem in that water leakage from concrete structures does not necessarily occur from cracks or cracks that appear on the surface. In addition, the method of Patent Document 1 has a problem in that it requires a cold air generator capable of sending out high-pressure cooling air and a power source for driving the cold air generator.

In addition, the method of Patent Document 3 installs a water-resistant pipe, stores a certain amount of investigation liquid, and then measures the amount of decrease or waits for the precipitation of crystals. There is a problem in that it takes time to identify. Of course, if it rains during that time, the survey will be canceled.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method that can accurately identify the location of water intrusion into a building in a short time using a simple tool.

According to the first viewpoint, the first measurement involves estimating a water intrusion route into the building based on the water leakage damage situation and measuring a first area including the water intrusion route using a moisture meter. Based on the results of the first measurement, the suspected water intrusion points are narrowed down, water for detection is injected into the suspected water intrusion points, and after a predetermined period of time, the moisture meter is used. and performing a second measurement to measure a second area including the water seepage location inside the building, and identifying the water infiltration location based on the result of the second measurement. A location identification method is provided.

According to the present invention, the location of water intrusion into a building can be accurately identified in a short time using a simple tool.

FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a method for identifying a location where water intrudes into a building according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining an example of a water intrusion route into a building estimated based on the damage situation of rain leaks. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a process of performing a first measurement using a moisture meter along a water intrusion route into a building. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of pouring water into the location selected based on the 1st measurement by a moisture meter. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of performing the 2nd measurement by a moisture meter after water injection. It is a figure for explaining the identification method of the point where water intrudes into the inside of a building of the 2nd embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a procedure for identifying a water leakage point in a piping system using the present invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of performing the 1st measurement with a moisture meter along the infiltration route of leakage water. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of pouring water into the location selected based on the 1st measurement by a moisture meter. It is a figure for explaining the procedure which identified the water leak location of both the rain leak and the water leak of the piping system using this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the process of performing the 1st measurement with a moisture meter along the infiltration route of leakage water.

[First embodiment]
Next, a first embodiment of the present invention for investigating rain leaks in concrete buildings called RC (Reinforced Concrete) construction and SRC (Steel Reinforced Concrete) construction will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram for explaining a method of identifying a location where water intrudes into a building according to the present embodiment. Referring to FIG. 1, a building 10 having a concrete frame 11 is shown. A waterproof layer 21 is formed on the roof of this building 10. Further, a ceiling board 12 is suspended from the frame 11 on the ceiling side of the room, and a floor 13 is stretched over the frame 11 on the foot side.

Even in such a concrete building 10, rain leaks L occur very rarely due to deterioration of the waterproof layer 21 and joints, damage to the sash portion 14, and combination of these conditions with wind and rain from a specific direction. Sometimes.

The method of identifying the location of water intrusion into a building according to the present invention includes the following steps.
(1) Estimating the route of water ingress into the building (2) First measurement using a moisture meter (3) Narrowing down the suspected water ingress points (4) Water injection (5) Second measurement using a moisture meter (6) Identification of water ingress points

The above steps will be explained in order below.
(1) Estimating the route of water ingress into the building First, conduct a field survey and interview residents, and estimate the route of water ingress into the building based on the water leak damage situation. Reference symbols R1 to R4 in FIG. 2 indicate routes estimated as rainwater infiltration routes when viewed from the cross-sectional direction of the building 10. In an actual rain leak investigation or water leak investigation, the depth direction of the diagram is also included, so there may be more routes estimated as water intrusion routes than this. The explanation will be based on the estimation of four infiltration routes R1 to R4. In addition to the water leakage damage situation, the routes R1 to R4 can also be narrowed down to a smaller number by using the results of visual inspection, infrared thermography images, and the like.

(2) First measurement using a moisture meter Next, a first measurement using a moisture meter (also referred to as a "moisture content meter") is carried out. This first measurement is carried out by using the moisture meter 30 to measure a first area including the water intrusion route estimated in step (1). This first area may include the water intrusion route estimated in step (1) as well as its surroundings. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, this first area may span multiple locations such as the rooftop and the indoor area. In addition, the moisture meter used for this first measurement is, for example, a high-frequency moisture meter (" A capacitive moisture meter (also called a capacitance moisture meter) can be used. Additionally, some moisture meters allow you to select the material to be measured. In this case, accuracy can be further improved by selecting an appropriate material (concrete, mortar, etc.) and performing the measurement.

(3) Narrowing down the locations where water is suspected to have entered FIG. 3 is a diagram showing examples of locations measured by the moisture meter 30 in the first measurement and the results thereof. In FIG. 3, locations marked with "X" indicate locations where the moisture content was lower than a predetermined value (judgment threshold) as a result of measurement by the moisture meter 30. On the other hand, locations marked with "!" indicate locations where the moisture content was greater than or equal to a predetermined value as a result of measurement by the moisture meter 30. For example, routes R1 and R4 are excluded from the water infiltration routes because the moisture content was lower than a predetermined value over the entire area. On the other hand, the routes R2 and R3 are selected as candidates for the infiltration route of the water that caused the rain leak L because the moisture content in at least a part thereof was higher than the predetermined value. The starting point of this infiltration route is a candidate for the suspected intrusion location of water due to rain leak L. Note that the predetermined value for making a judgment using a moisture meter varies depending on the material and age of the building frame 11 and waterproof layer 21 of the building 10, but in the case of a typical concrete building in a place that is not normally exposed to rain, The predetermined value can be set to "3%" as a guide. Of course, the predetermined value may be different between indoors and outdoors (for example, the indoor predetermined value (determination threshold) is 3%, and the outdoor predetermined value (determination threshold) is 5%).

(4) Water injection Next, water is poured into the suspected water intrusion points narrowed down in the first measurement one by one. For example, when water infiltration routes R2 and R3 are selected, as shown in FIG. Inject water using As the water injection container 40, a container called a round cleaning bottle as shown in the figure, a PET bottle with a nozzle attached, etc. can be suitably used. Moreover, the amount of water injected at that time can be suppressed to a small amount that causes a reaction to appear in the measurement results of the moisture meter 30. In the case of identifying a typical rain leak location, sufficient results can be obtained with a predetermined amount of 500 ml or less per location/per time. Furthermore, if it is desired to further reduce the amount of water injected, the amount of water injected per location/time may be kept to 250 ml or less, and the second measurement may be performed after a sufficient period of time has elapsed.

Note that normal tap water may be used as the water for this detection, but from the perspective of making visual judgment easier, it is recommended to use water that has been colored differently for each water injection point using paint or pigment. It's okay.

(5) Second measurement using a moisture meter After a predetermined period of time has passed since the water injection in step (4), a second measurement using the moisture meter 30 is performed. This second measurement is carried out by using the moisture meter 30 to measure a second area including the water leakage location inside the building 10. This second area may include the water seepage location inside the building 10 (the oval hatched area in FIG. 5), the intermediate route between the seepage location and the water injection location, and the surrounding area thereof. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, this second area may span multiple locations, such as the rooftop and the indoor area. Further, the predetermined time is determined depending on the condition of the flooded area, the material of the frame 11 of the building 10, the age of the building, etc. In a typical rain leak investigation, for example, it is sufficient to carry out the second measurement within about 30 minutes from water injection. As described above, even if the amount of water injected by the water injecting container 40 is small, if the suspected infiltration location is correct, the moisture meter 30 measures the amount of moisture inside the frame 11, so a reaction is ensured.

(6) Identification of locations where water has entered FIG. 5 is a diagram showing locations measured by the moisture meter 30 in the second measurement and the results thereof. In the example of FIG. 5, a second measurement was performed by first injecting water into the suspected infiltration location P2, but no increase in the moisture content was observed. Thereafter, when a second measurement was performed by injecting water into the suspected infiltration location P3, an increase in the moisture content was observed. In this case, the suspected infiltration location P3 is identified as the location causing the rain leak L. Note that, as shown in FIG. 5, during the second measurement, in addition to the water leakage location inside the building 10, the location on the water infiltration route located upstream thereof is also subject to the second measurement. is desirable. By doing so, it becomes possible to more accurately determine whether to add additional water or wait for time to pass.

Note that if the estimated water infiltration route is correct, the moisture content in the second measurement will generally be higher than the moisture content in the first measurement over the entire water infiltration route. However, the increase in moisture content after water injection at the suspected infiltration location P3 may not be uniform. In this case, there may be multiple locations where water can enter. In that case, the suspected water intrusion location may be additionally searched for, and additional water injection and second measurement may be performed to identify the water intrusion location in more detail.

In addition, if the cracks or crevices in the frame 11 are small, or if water injection using the water injection container 40 cannot reproduce the wind and rain conditions at the time of the leak, the moisture content will not increase significantly in the first and second measurements. In some cases. If necessary, a required number of second measurements may be performed further after a predetermined period of time has elapsed. Of course, in addition to the measurement results by the moisture meter 30, a comprehensive judgment may be made using the measurement results by infrared thermography or the results of an electrical test using the efflorescence phenomenon.

In the example of FIG. 5, the suspected infiltration location P3 is identified as the location causing the rain leak. As a result, a blue sheet will be installed as an emergency measure, and the waterproof layer 21 will be repaired or re-installed as a permanent measure.

As explained above, according to this embodiment, the cause of a rain leak can be identified in a relatively short time using an easily portable device called the moisture meter 30, without relying on visible cracks. becomes possible. The reason for this is that we have adopted a configuration in which the first measurement is performed to narrow down the suspected water intrusion points, and the second measurement is carried out in stages to identify and verify the water intrusion route. .

Furthermore, as explained in step (4), the amount of water injected by the water injection container 40 in the present invention is sufficient to the extent that a reaction appears in the measurement results of the moisture meter 30, and if the cause of the leak can be identified, subsequent water injection will be stopped. You can also. Therefore, there is no need to bring in a large amount of water for sprinkling or to treat the wastewater. Therefore, the method according to the present invention has the advantage that it does not cause further deterioration of flood damage.

[Second embodiment]
Next, a second embodiment, which is modified so that the investigation time can be further shortened in comparison with the first embodiment described above, will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a method for identifying a location where water intrudes into a building according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

The difference from the building 10 to be investigated in the first embodiment is that the room in the leak-damaged area of the building 10 is separated by a sash part 14 or a wall, and a ventilation fan 50 is installed in the room. This is the point. Note that the ventilation fan 50 may be a ventilation fan installed in a kitchen or the like, but may also be a ventilation fan of a 24-hour ventilation system installed in each room. Furthermore, if there is no ventilation fan or the like in the room, a post-installed blower, circulator, or the like may be used to exhaust the air in the room.

The difference from the method of identifying the water intrusion point of the first embodiment is that after water injection in step (4), the ventilation fan 50 is activated to lower the atmospheric pressure in the room and maintain negative pressure for a predetermined period of time. be. Note that the atmospheric pressure in the room can be measured using a commercially available barometer or the like.

By lowering the atmospheric pressure in the room and maintaining a negative pressure, penetration of the injected water is promoted. In other words, by forcibly exhausting air from the section downstream of the suspected water intrusion location, the infiltration of the detection water can be encouraged. Moreover, this makes it possible to further shorten the waiting time after water injection. Note that in order to more efficiently lower the atmospheric pressure in the room, if there is an air supply fan, air conditioner, ventilation hole, etc. in the room, it is also desirable to cover (close) these.

[Third embodiment]
In the first and second embodiments described above, an example was given in which the present invention was used to identify the cause of rain leaks, but according to the present invention, water leaks due to piping troubles after renovation, etc. It is also possible to accurately pinpoint the cause of water leakage due to aging.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a procedure for identifying a water leak location in a piping system using the present invention. In the example of FIG. 7, a rain-like water leak has occurred on the wall near the wash basin 60 in a room on the lower floor of a building 10a such as an apartment building (elliptical hatched area). Further, in the example of FIG. 7, in the room on the upper floor, the renovated floor 16-2 is laid over the newly constructed floor 16-1 due to floor covering work. In such a situation, rainwater enters the room through the sash section 14, travels along the pre-renovation floor 16-1, and flows to the lower floor through the path R11 and the pipe 61 inside the washbasin 60. There are two possible routes, route R12 and route R12 where drainage water falls to the lower floor due to an abnormality.

In this case as well, by performing the above steps (2) to (5), it becomes possible to identify the source of water leakage. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, (2) by performing the first measurement, it is possible to easily determine which of the route R11 and the route R12 is causing water leakage on the lower floor.

Furthermore, water injection and a second measurement are performed to verify which of the routes R11 to R12 is causing water leakage on the lower floor. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, by performing the second measurement in (5) after performing the water injection in (4) above, it becomes possible to accurately identify the water leakage location. For example, in the second measurement, if an increase in the moisture content is observed after water is poured into the route R11 starting from the sash section 14, rainwater enters through the sash section 14 and the floors 16-1, 16-2 It can be determined that the water that has flowed through the building is causing water leakage to the lower floor through the cracks in the frame 11. Similarly, if an increase in the moisture content is observed after water is poured into the path R12 starting from the pipe 61 inside the washbasin 60, the water will flow through the pipe 61 inside the washbasin 60 to the floors 16-1 and 16-1. It can be determined that the water that flowed through the roof 11 fell into the water and caused the water leakage to the lower floor through the cracks in the frame 11.

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to accurately identify the cause of water leakage due to piping troubles after renovation or due to aging deterioration. Furthermore, in the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 7 to 9, as in the second embodiment, it is also possible to conduct an investigation using a ventilation fan or the like in a room on the lower floor. Specifically, after water is injected, by lowering the air pressure in the room on the lower floor and maintaining a negative pressure, it is possible to promote the penetration of the injected water and further shorten the investigation time.

[Fourth embodiment]
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described in which rain leakage was suspected from the water leak damage location, but as a result of an investigation using the present invention, both rain leakage and water leakage from the piping system were identified as the cause.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a procedure for identifying a water leak location of a rain leak and a water leak in a piping system using the present invention. In the example of FIG. 10, water leakage occurs in the ceiling board 15 of a room on the lower floor of the roof balcony of a building 10b such as an apartment building (elliptical hatched area). Further, a smell cylinder 70 is installed on the roof balcony of the building 10b in FIG. 10, and after its piping passes through the frame 11, it is connected to the piping on the back side of the ceiling board 15 in the room on the lower floor. In such a situation, a plurality of routes R21 to R24 can be considered, such as through the waterproof layer 21 of the roof balcony, cracks in the frame 11, the joint between the odor cylinder 70 and the roof balcony, and the like.

In this case as well, by performing the above steps (2) to (5), it becomes possible to identify the source of water leakage. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, by performing (2) the first measurement, it is possible to easily determine which of the routes R21 to R24 is causing water leakage on the lower floor.

Furthermore, water is poured and a second measurement is performed to verify which of the routes R21 to R24 is causing water leakage on the lower floor. Specifically, similarly to the third embodiment, by performing (4) water injection and then (5) performing the second measurement, it becomes possible to accurately identify the water leakage location. For example, if an increase in the moisture content of routes R21 and R24 is observed after water is poured into the room-side end or handrail-side end of the waterproof layer 21 of a roof balcony, the joint between the waterproof layer 21 and the frame 11 may deteriorate. It can be determined that rainwater is entering from the location and causing water leakage to the lower floor through cracks in the frame 11. Similarly, if an increase in the moisture content in route R22 is observed after water is poured into the center of the waterproof layer 21 of the roof balcony, rainwater will enter from the deteriorated area in the center of the waterproof layer 21 and will flow through the cracks in the frame 11. , it can be determined that this is causing water leakage on the lower floor. Similarly, if an increase in the moisture content in route R23 is observed after water is poured into the connection between the odor cylinder 70 and the waterproof layer on the roof balcony, rainwater will enter the pipe from the connection between the waterproof layer 21 and the odor cylinder 70. It can be determined that water has accumulated in the pipes, causing water leakage to the lower floor via the pipe connections.

As described above, according to the present invention, even in cases where the cause is both a rain leak and a water leak in the piping system, the cause can be identified with high accuracy. Furthermore, in the examples shown in FIGS. 10 and 11, it is also possible to conduct an investigation using a ventilation fan or the like in a room on the lower floor, similar to the second embodiment. Specifically, after water is injected, by lowering the air pressure in the room on the lower floor and maintaining a negative pressure, it is possible to promote the penetration of the injected water and further shorten the investigation time.

Although each embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to each of the above-described embodiments, and further modifications, substitutions, and changes may be made without departing from the basic technical idea of the present invention. Adjustments can be made. For example, in each of the above-described embodiments, the measurement value of a moisture meter is mainly used to narrow down the suspected water intrusion points or to identify the water intrusion points, but infrared thermography investigation, investigation using electricity, etc. Others may be used in combination.

Furthermore, in each of the above-described embodiments, an example has been described in which water leakage locations are investigated in the buildings 10, 10a, and 10b having the concrete frame 11. It can also be applied to buildings and structures.

Additionally, during the process of the present invention, the following tools should be used to (1) estimate the route of water intrusion into the building, (3) narrow down the suspected water intrusion points, and (6) identify the water intrusion points. You can also do it.
・Level/Level: Used to check where water has entered or the direction of water flow inside a building.
・Thermometer: Narrow down the location of water leaks based on changes in the temperature of the building surface before and after water injection. In addition to non-contact thermometers that use infrared light, use contact thermometers with stick-type probes depending on the location.
・Compass, weather data: Used to determine the route of rain leaks that occur only under specific wind directions or weather conditions.
・Ultrasonic measuring device: Used to estimate the depth of cracks and fissures that appear on the concrete surface.
・Stethoscope: Place a stethoscope on the concrete surface to be investigated and check the presence and extent of cracks based on the echoes.

Furthermore, cases in which water leakage points were identified by applying the present invention may be collected and utilized as data. For example, by grouping buildings with similar heights and shapes and recording the locations where water leaks are likely to occur and the routes of water ingress, a heat map showing the locations of water leaks and routes of water ingress by building type can be created. Scatter plots can be created. Using these heat maps and scatter diagrams, an information system may be constructed that gives a surveyor with little survey experience a suggestion of the water intrusion route and the location where the first measurement should be performed. Furthermore, by performing machine learning using the recorded data as training data, it is also possible to construct an AI system that, when building data is input, indicates locations where water leaks are likely to occur and water ingress routes.

Furthermore, in the embodiment described above, the first and second measurements were mainly performed by humans using the moisture meter, but in high places or narrow places, a robot or drone (UAV, Aerial Vehicle) may be made to perform the first and second measurements, and the results may be transmitted wirelessly or the like.

It should be noted that the disclosures of the above-mentioned patent documents are incorporated into this book by reference, and can be used as the basis or part of the present invention as necessary. Within the scope of the entire disclosure of the present invention (including the claims), changes and adjustments to the embodiments and examples are possible based on the basic technical idea thereof. In addition, various combinations or selections (parts) of various disclosed elements (including each element of each claim, each element of each embodiment or example, each element of each drawing, etc.) within the framework of the disclosure of the present invention are also available. (including deletion) is possible. That is, it goes without saying that the present invention includes the entire disclosure including the claims and various modifications and modifications that a person skilled in the art would be able to make in accordance with the technical idea. In particular, numerical values and numerical ranges stated in this document should be construed as specifically stating any numerical value or subrange within the range, even if not otherwise stated. Furthermore, each of the disclosures in the documents cited above may be used, in part or in whole, in combination with the statements in this book as part of the disclosure of the present invention, if necessary, in accordance with the spirit of the present invention. It is deemed to be included in the disclosure of this application.

10, 10a, 10b Building 11 Frame 12, 15 Ceiling board 13, 16-1, 16-2 Floor 14 Sash section 21 Waterproof layer 30 Moisture meter 40 Water injection container 50 Ventilation fan 60 Wash basin 61 Piping 70 Odor cylinder L Rain leak R1~ R4, R11~R12, F24~R24 Route of water intrusion into the building P2, P3 Suspected infiltration points

Claims (4)

Estimate the route of water intrusion into the building based on the water leak damage situation,
carrying out a first measurement of measuring a first area including the water infiltration route using a moisture meter;
Based on the results of the first measurement, narrowing down the suspected infiltration location of the water;
Injecting water for detection into the suspected water intrusion location,
After a predetermined period of time has elapsed, a second measurement is performed using the moisture meter to measure a second area including a water seepage location inside the building;
identifying the water intrusion location based on the result of the second measurement;
How to identify where water has entered. After the detection water is injected, the water is forcibly evacuated from a compartment downstream of the suspected water intrusion point, thereby promoting the detection water intrusion.
A method for identifying a location of water leakage according to claim 1. A ventilation fan provided inside the building is used as the means for forcibly exhausting the air.
The method for identifying a location of water leakage according to claim 2. Carrying out the second measurement by limiting the amount of water injected into each suspected water intrusion location to a predetermined amount of 500 ml or less per time;
A method for identifying a location of water leakage according to claim 1.

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