JP2023172695A - Soil improver and method for producing the same, and method for improving soil - Google Patents
Soil improver and method for producing the same, and method for improving soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 190
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 39
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 5
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 3
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- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium sulfate hemihydrate Chemical compound O.[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O ZOMBKNNSYQHRCA-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 150000004683 dihydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010020346 Polyglutamic Acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000370 gamma-poly(glutamate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010559 graft polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013038 hand mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002440 industrial waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108010064470 polyaspartate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、土質改良材及びその製造方法、並びにそれを用いた土壌の改良方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a soil improving material, a method for producing the same, and a method for improving soil using the same.
土木工事などにより掘削した土壌は、産業廃棄物として処理されたり、建設発生土として利用される。 Soil excavated during civil engineering works is treated as industrial waste or used as construction soil.
土壌を埋め立てる前に、減容化や廃棄物等の除去や土壌に含まれる有機物（草木等）の腐敗による影響を防止することを目的として、篩により分別する作業が行われる。 Before soil is landfilled, it is separated using sieves for the purpose of reducing the volume, removing waste, etc., and preventing the effects of decay of organic matter (plants, etc.) contained in the soil.
土木工事は粘性が低い土壌だけではなく、水田及び畑のような粘性が高い土壌においても行われることがある。このような粘性が高い土壌は、そのままでは篩による分別作業が困難な場合も多い。 Civil engineering works are sometimes carried out not only in soils with low viscosity, but also in soils with high viscosity, such as in paddy fields and fields. Such highly viscous soil is often difficult to separate using a sieve.
このような土壌に対しては、土質改良材を添加し、土壌に含まれる水分を除去してサラサラの状態（篩によって土と有機物などの異物とを分別できる粘性が低い状態）にする。 For such soil, a soil conditioner is added to remove the water contained in the soil and make it smooth (a state with low viscosity that allows the soil to be separated from foreign substances such as organic matter with a sieve).
土質改良材としては、石膏を主成分とするものが存在する。しかし、このような土質改良材は、有機物とともに還元状態となることで硫化水素ガスを発生する可能性があるため、使用できる土質や場所が限定される。 As soil conditioner, there are those whose main component is gypsum. However, such soil conditioners may generate hydrogen sulfide gas when reduced together with organic matter, which limits the soil types and locations where they can be used.
一方、硫化水素ガスが発生することのない土質改良材として、生石灰、セメント、及びマグネシウム系の土質改良材等が存在する。或いは、除去土壌に対し、特許文献１に記載された、吸水性高分子と高膨潤性粘土と水溶性高分子とを含む土質改良材料を適用することで土壌を粘性の低い状態にできる。
On the other hand, there are quicklime, cement, magnesium-based soil improvers, and the like as soil improvers that do not generate hydrogen sulfide gas. Alternatively, the soil can be reduced in viscosity by applying a soil improvement material containing a water-absorbing polymer, highly swellable clay, and a water-soluble polymer, which is described in
しかし、上述の土質改良材は、反応効率や混合精度を上げるために微粒子状態とすることが多く、土質改良材と撹拌混合する際に粉塵が発生しやすいという問題があった。
このため、土質改良材には、攪拌混合時の土壌の発塵を抑えることも求められるようになってきた。
However, the above-mentioned soil conditioner is often in the form of fine particles in order to improve reaction efficiency and mixing accuracy, and there is a problem in that dust is likely to be generated when stirring and mixing with the soil conditioner.
For this reason, it has become necessary for soil conditioners to suppress the generation of dust in the soil during stirring and mixing.
本発明は、発塵を抑えつつ、土壌を低粘性に改質できる土質改良材を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a soil improvement material that can modify soil to have low viscosity while suppressing dust generation.
前記目的を達成するため、本発明は、吸水性高分子と、砂質土とを含む土質改良材であって、前記砂質土の含水比が、３０％以下であり、前記砂質土のＥＣ（電気伝導度）が、９０ｍＳ／ｍ以下である土質改良材である。
また、本発明の土質改良材は、前記砂質土の含水比が６％～２０％であることが好ましい。
また、本発明の土質改良材は、前記砂質土における粒径０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合が、５％以下であることが好ましい。
また、本発明の土壌の改良方法は、本発明の土質改良材を土壌に添加する。
また、本発明の土質改良材の製造方法は、含水比が３０％以下であり、かつＥＣ（電気伝導度）が、９０ｍＳ／ｍ以下である砂質土と、吸水性高分子と、を混合させる。
また、本発明の土質改良材の製造方法は、砂質土を乾燥する乾燥工程を有さないことが好ましい。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a soil improvement material containing a water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil, wherein the water content ratio of the sandy soil is 30% or less, and the water content of the sandy soil is 30% or less. A soil improvement material with an EC (electrical conductivity) of 90 mS/m or less.
Further, in the soil conditioner of the present invention, it is preferable that the moisture content of the sandy soil is 6% to 20%.
Further, in the soil conditioner of the present invention, it is preferable that the proportion of particles having a particle size of 0.075 mm or less in the sandy soil is 5% or less.
Moreover, in the soil improvement method of the present invention, the soil conditioner of the present invention is added to soil.
In addition, the method for manufacturing the soil conditioner of the present invention involves mixing sandy soil with a water content of 30% or less and an EC (electrical conductivity) of 90mS/m or less, and a water-absorbing polymer. let
Moreover, it is preferable that the method for producing a soil conditioner of the present invention does not include a drying step of drying sandy soil.
本発明によれば、発塵を抑えつつ、土壌を低粘性に改質できる土質改良材を提供できる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a soil improvement material that can modify soil to have low viscosity while suppressing dust generation.
（土質改良材）
本実施形態に係る土質改良材は、吸水性高分子、及び砂質土を含有し、更に必要に応じてその他の成分を含有する。
(soil condition improvement material)
The soil improvement material according to the present embodiment contains a water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil, and further contains other components as necessary.
＜吸水性高分子＞
吸水性高分子は、土壌中に含まれる水分を吸収し、保水する物質である。
吸水性高分子は、土壌中に含まれる水分を吸収することができれば、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、合成ポリマー系、天然多糖類などが挙げられる。これらは、１種単独で使用しても、２種以上を併用してもよい。
合成ポリマー系は、例えば、ポリアクリル酸塩系、ポリスルホン酸系、ポリビニルアルコール及びポリアクリル酸塩の共重合系、無水マレイン酸塩系、ポリアクリルアミド系、ポリビニルアルコール系、ポリエチレンオキシド系などが挙げられる。
天然多糖類は、例えば、デンプン系、セルロース系（グラフト重合系及びカルボキシメチル系）、ポリアスパラギン酸塩系、ポリグルタミン酸塩系、ポリアルギン酸塩系などが挙げられる。
<Water-absorbing polymer>
Water-absorbing polymers are substances that absorb and retain water contained in soil.
The water-absorbing polymer is not particularly limited as long as it can absorb water contained in soil, and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples include synthetic polymers, natural polysaccharides, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
Examples of synthetic polymer systems include polyacrylate systems, polysulfonic acid systems, copolymer systems of polyvinyl alcohol and polyacrylates, maleic anhydride systems, polyacrylamide systems, polyvinyl alcohol systems, and polyethylene oxide systems. .
Examples of natural polysaccharides include starch-based, cellulose-based (graft polymerization-based and carboxymethyl-based), polyaspartate-based, polyglutamate-based, polyalginate-based, and the like.
＜砂質土＞
砂質土は、本実施形態に係る土質改良材における母材となる物質である。
砂質土とは、地盤工学会基準「地盤材料の工学的分類方法」（ＪＧＳ ００５１－２００９）に基づき、分類された土である。具体的には、「土の粒度試験方法」（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０４）などの試験により分類されたものである。
砂質土は、石分が０％である土質材料のうち、粗粒分（粒径が０．０７５ｍｍ～７５ｍｍ）が５０％超であり、礫分（粒径２ｍｍ～７５ｍｍ）より砂分（粒径０．０７５ｍｍ～２ｍｍ）の方が多い土のことである（地盤材料試験の方法と解説－二分冊の１－、地盤工学会 室内試験規格・基準委員会 編、丸善出版、平成２５年、ｐｐ．５４～５６）。
砂質土は、２ｍｍ以上の礫を実用上の障害にならない程度に含む（例えば、粒径数ｍｍの礫が数％～２０％程度混在する）ものであってもよい。
<Sandy soil>
Sandy soil is a substance that serves as a base material in the soil improvement material according to this embodiment.
Sandy soil is soil classified based on the Japan Geotechnical Society's standard "Engineering classification method for ground materials" (JGS 0051-2009). Specifically, they are classified by tests such as "Soil Particle Size Test Method" (JIS A 1204).
In sandy soil, of the soil material with 0% stone content, more than 50% is coarse particles (grain size 0.075 mm to 75 mm), and sand content (grain size 2 mm to 75 mm) is higher than gravel content (particle size 2 mm to 75 mm). (Grain size 0.075mm to 2mm) (Geotechnical Materials Testing Methods and Explanations -
The sandy soil may contain gravel of 2 mm or more to the extent that it does not pose a practical problem (for example, a few to 20% of gravel with a grain size of several mm may be present).
砂質土の含水比は、３０％以下の場合に使用可能であり、６％～２０％が好ましい。砂質土の含水比が、この範囲に含まれると、土壌の改質と発塵の防止とを両立できる。なお、含水比が３０％以下とは、含水比が０％～３０％であることを意味する。 Sandy soil can be used when its water content is 30% or less, preferably 6% to 20%. When the water content ratio of sandy soil is within this range, both soil improvement and prevention of dust generation can be achieved. Note that the water content ratio of 30% or less means that the water content ratio is 0% to 30%.
砂質土の含水比の測定方法は、「土の粒度試験方法」（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０４）に基づき測定できる。 The water content ratio of sandy soil can be measured based on "Soil particle size testing method" (JIS A 1204).
砂質土のＥＣ（電気伝導度）は、９０ｍＳ／ｍ以下であり、６０ｍＳ／ｍ以下が好ましく、３０ｍＳ／ｍ以下がより好ましい。砂質土の電気伝導度が、この範囲に含まれると、土壌の改質と発塵の防止とを両立できる。 The EC (electrical conductivity) of sandy soil is 90 mS/m or less, preferably 60 mS/m or less, and more preferably 30 mS/m or less. When the electrical conductivity of sandy soil falls within this range, it is possible to simultaneously improve the soil and prevent dust generation.
砂質土のＥＣの測定方法は、地盤工学会基準「土懸濁液の電気伝導率試験方法」（ＪＧＳ ０２１２－２００９）に基づく。土の乾燥質量に対して水（土に含まれる水も含む）の質量比が５倍になるように水を加えて懸濁状態にして３０分間経過後に電気伝導率計を用いて測定する。 The method for measuring the EC of sandy soil is based on the Japan Geotechnical Society standard "Method for testing electrical conductivity of soil suspensions" (JGS 0212-2009). Water is added so that the mass ratio of water (including the water contained in the soil) to the dry mass of the soil is 5 times, and the suspension is made into a suspension state. After 30 minutes, the conductivity is measured using an electrical conductivity meter.
砂質土における粒径０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択できるが、土塊を解砕する手間を減らす点で、３０％以下が好ましく、５％以下がより好ましい。
なお、０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合が３０％を超えると、土塊を多く含むので、この土塊を解砕する手間がかかることがある。
The proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.075 mm or less in sandy soil is not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose, but in terms of reducing the effort of breaking up soil clods, it is preferably 30% or less, and 5% or less. is more preferable.
Note that if the proportion of particles with a diameter of 0.075 mm or less exceeds 30%, a large amount of soil clods will be included, and it may take time and effort to break up the soil clods.
砂質土における０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合の測定方法は、「土の粒度試験方法」（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０４）に基づき、測定することができる。 The proportion of particles of 0.075 mm or less in sandy soil can be measured based on the "Soil Particle Size Test Method" (JIS A 1204).
＜＜質量比（吸水性高分子：砂質土）＞＞
本実施形態に係る土質改良材における吸水性高分子と砂質土との質量比は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択できるが、吸水性高分子：砂質土＝５：９５～２５：７５が好ましく、７．５：９２．５～２０：８０がより好ましい。
<<Mass ratio (water-absorbing polymer: sandy soil)>>
The mass ratio of water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil in the soil improvement material according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited and can be selected as appropriate depending on the purpose, but water-absorbing polymer: sandy soil = 5:95 ~ 25:75 is preferred, and 7.5:92.5 to 20:80 is more preferred.
＜その他の成分＞
その他の成分は、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択できる。その他の成分は、例えば、ゼオライト、炭酸カルシウム粉末、半水石膏、二水石膏、無水石膏、粘土、廃ガラス破砕粉（人造砂）などが挙げられる。これらは、１種単独で使用しても、２種以上を併用してもよい。
ゼオライトを添加した場合、除染土壌中の放射性物質や鉛等の重金属を更に吸着できるようになる。炭酸カルシウム粉末、半水石膏、二水石膏、無水石膏、粘土などは、増量材、又は補強材として添加できる。
<Other ingredients>
Other components are not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the purpose. Examples of other components include zeolite, calcium carbonate powder, gypsum hemihydrate, gypsum dihydrate, anhydrite, clay, and crushed waste glass powder (artificial sand). These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
When zeolite is added, radioactive substances and heavy metals such as lead in the decontaminated soil can be further adsorbed. Calcium carbonate powder, gypsum hemihydrate, gypsum dihydrate, anhydrite, clay, etc. can be added as fillers or reinforcing agents.
本実施形態に係る土質改良材は、吸水性高分子及び砂質土が土壌中の水分を吸収することにより、土壌をサラサラな状態（低粘性の状態。具体的には、篩によって土壌と有機物とを分別できる粘性が低い状態）とすることができる。従って、粘性が高い土壌であっても、土質改良材を添加することにより低粘性となり、土壌が篩の目を通過できる。結果として、レキや有機物（草木、木片、布、樹脂など）を含む土壌であっても、篩にかけることにより、レキや有機物と分別することが可能となる。
なお、本発明において、篩の目の粗さは、２０ｍｍ目とする場合が多いが、工事目的に応じて３７．５ｍｍ目、１０ｍｍ目、５ｍｍ目などとする場合もある。
The soil conditioner according to this embodiment has a water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil that absorb water in the soil, keeping the soil in a smooth state (low viscosity state. Specifically, the soil and organic matter are removed by sieving. (a state of low viscosity that allows separation of Therefore, even if the soil is highly viscous, adding a soil conditioner will reduce the viscosity and allow the soil to pass through the sieve. As a result, even if the soil contains soil and organic matter (plants, wood chips, cloth, resin, etc.), it can be separated from the soil and organic matter by passing it through a sieve.
In the present invention, the mesh size of the sieve is often set to 20 mm, but it may also be set to 37.5 mm, 10 mm, 5 mm, etc. depending on the purpose of construction.
また、本実施形態に係る土質改良材は、土壌のｐＨに影響を与えない成分で構成されている。従って、土質改良材により改質された土壌（原土壌のｐＨは中性）は中性（ｐＨ７前後）の状態を保つことができる。 Moreover, the soil conditioner according to this embodiment is composed of components that do not affect the pH of the soil. Therefore, the soil modified by the soil conditioner (the pH of the original soil is neutral) can be maintained in a neutral state (pH around 7).
また、本実施形態に係る土質改良材により改質された土壌は、所定の土質強度が確保されている。従って、埋立時や再掘削時の取り扱いが簡便になる。なお、本実施形態に係る所定の土質強度は、コーン指数で２００ｋＮ／ｍ２以上が好ましく、４００ｋＮ／ｍ２以上がより好ましい。なお、コーン指数は、土質改良材の添加量が増すほど、また対象土の含水比が低いほど、増大する。 Moreover, the soil modified by the soil improving material according to the present embodiment has a predetermined soil strength. Therefore, handling at the time of reclamation or re-excavation becomes easy. Note that the predetermined soil strength according to the present embodiment is preferably 200 kN/m 2 or more in terms of Cone index, and more preferably 400 kN/m 2 or more. Note that the Cone index increases as the amount of soil conditioner added increases and as the water content ratio of the target soil decreases.
更に、吸水性高分子は一般に高価であるため使用量を抑えることが望まれる。一方で、吸水性高分子の使用量が少ない場合には土壌に均一に混合することが難しく、吸水能力の点で問題が生じる。ここで、本実施形態に係る土質改良材は、吸水性高分子の割合を多くても５０質量％に抑制してコストの低減化を図りつつ、安価な砂質土を混合することによって、土壌をサラサラな状態にできるだけの吸水能力を保っている。 Furthermore, since water-absorbing polymers are generally expensive, it is desirable to reduce the amount used. On the other hand, when the amount of water-absorbing polymer used is small, it is difficult to mix it uniformly into the soil, causing problems in terms of water-absorbing ability. Here, the soil conditioner according to the present embodiment suppresses the proportion of water-absorbing polymer to at most 50% by mass to reduce costs, and mixes inexpensive sandy soil to improve soil quality. It maintains as much water absorption capacity as possible to keep it dry.
また、本実施形態に係る土質改良材は、吸水性高分子及び砂質土を混合することにより、吸水性高分子または砂質土単体に比べ、土壌との混合性が良好で、かつ高い吸水力によって土壌を均等に改良する特長を有する。 In addition, the soil improvement material according to this embodiment has better mixability with soil and higher water absorption than the water-absorbing polymer or sandy soil alone by mixing the water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil. It has the feature of improving the soil evenly by applying force.
＜土質改良材の製造方法＞
本実施形態に係る土質改良材の製造方法は、吸水性高分子と砂質土を混合するものである。
土質改良材の製造方法では、砂質土の含水比が高くて砂質土に含まれる自由水が自然に浮き出てくる、あるいはメッシュ上に載せて水分が分離落下するほどの状態の場合には自由水を除去する処理を行うが、そこまでの高含水比でない場合には乾燥工程を有さないことが好ましい。
乾燥工程は、砂質土の含水比を低下させることであり、例えば、天日乾燥、熱風乾燥などが挙げられる。
本発明の土質改良材の製造方法は、含水比が最大３０％の砂質土であっても、乾燥工程を通すことなく、砂質土に吸水性高分子を直接投入混合して土質改良材を製造できる。つまり、吸水性高分子が砂質土に含まれる水分を吸水して適度な水分状態（防塵にも役立つ）となって一体化し、土質改良材を形成する。
<Method for manufacturing soil conditioner>
The method for producing a soil conditioner according to this embodiment involves mixing a water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil.
In the manufacturing method of soil conditioner, if the moisture content of sandy soil is high and the free water contained in the sandy soil naturally floats out, or if it is placed on a mesh and the water separates and falls, A treatment to remove free water is performed, but if the water content is not that high, it is preferable not to include a drying step.
The drying step is to lower the moisture content of sandy soil, and includes, for example, solar drying, hot air drying, and the like.
The method for manufacturing the soil conditioner of the present invention is to directly add and mix a water-absorbing polymer into the sandy soil without going through a drying process, even if the soil is sandy with a maximum water content of 30%. can be manufactured. In other words, the water-absorbing polymer absorbs water contained in sandy soil, becomes a suitable moisture state (also useful for dust prevention), and is integrated to form a soil conditioner.
（土壌の改良方法）
土壌の改良方法は、上述の土質改良材を土壌に添加することによって行われる。具体的には、例えば、土壌に直接添加し、短時間（たとえば１分間～数分間）の攪拌を行うことにより行うことができる。
実際の作業現場では、土壌に土質改良材を添加し、重機によって攪拌することでもよい。本実施形態に係る土質改良材を用いる場合、攪拌後の養生時間が不要となるため、効率的な分別処理が可能となる。
(Soil improvement method)
The soil improvement method is carried out by adding the above-mentioned soil conditioner to the soil. Specifically, it can be carried out, for example, by directly adding it to soil and stirring for a short period of time (for example, from 1 minute to several minutes).
At actual work sites, soil conditioners may be added to the soil and stirred using heavy machinery. When using the soil conditioner according to the present embodiment, there is no need for curing time after stirring, so efficient separation processing becomes possible.
また、土壌に対する土質改良材の添加量は特に限定されるものではないが、従来の土質改良材よりも少量で効果を得ることができる。例えば、生石灰は、土壌に対して８０ｋｇ／ｔｏｎの添加量で養生時間が１２時間必要であった。一方、本実施形態に係る土質改良材は、土壌に対して３０ｋｇ／ｔｏｎの添加量で養生時間が不要である。 Further, although the amount of the soil conditioner added to the soil is not particularly limited, the effect can be obtained with a smaller amount than conventional soil conditioners. For example, quicklime was added to the soil in an amount of 80 kg/ton and required 12 hours of curing time. On the other hand, the soil conditioner according to the present embodiment does not require curing time when added to the soil in an amount of 30 kg/ton.
本実施形態に係る土質改良材を用いる対象は、災害廃棄物（土混じり）の分別、河川や湖沼の底泥（泥土）、又はシールド工事や打ち杭工事等の際に発生する建設泥土の改良等を挙げることができる。 The soil improvement material according to this embodiment can be used for sorting disaster waste (mixed soil), improving bottom mud (mud) of rivers and lakes, or construction mud generated during shield construction, pile driving work, etc. etc. can be mentioned.
以下、開示の技術の実施例を説明するが、開示の技術は、これらの実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 Examples of the disclosed technology will be described below, but the disclosed technology is not limited to these examples in any way.
模擬土壌として、荒木田土（株式会社刀川平和農園製）、黒土（株式会社刀川平和農園製）、及び珪砂７号（瑞浪）を４：４：２の割合（乾燥質量比）にて混合し、含水比を５５％に調整したものを用いた。 As a simulated soil, Arakita soil (manufactured by Togawa Heiwa Farm Co., Ltd.), black soil (manufactured by Togawa Heiwa Farm Co., Ltd.), and silica sand No. 7 (Mizunami) were mixed at a ratio of 4:4:2 (dry mass ratio). The water content was adjusted to 55%.
（実施例１－１～２８－３、比較例１－１～１３－３）
下記の表に記載の砂質土を用いた。砂質土の０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合は、「土の粒度試験方法」（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０４）に基づき測定し、ＥＣは、地盤工学会基準の「土懸濁液の電気伝導率試験方法」（ＪＧＳ ０２０１）に基づき測定した。
(Examples 1-1 to 28-3, Comparative Examples 1-1 to 13-3)
The sandy soil listed in the table below was used. The proportion of particles of 0.075 mm or less in sandy soil is measured based on the "Soil Particle Size Test Method" (JIS A 1204), and the EC is measured based on the "Electrical Conductivity Test Method for Soil Suspension" of the Geotechnical Society Standards. ” (JGS 0201).
表１に記載の各砂質土の含水比を０％、３％、６％、１４％、２０％、２５％、３０％、３５％に調節した。そして、吸水性高分子（ＳＴ－５００Ｄ、三洋化成工業株式会社製）と各砂質土との質量比が、７．５：９２．５、１５：８５、２０：８０となるように容器に入れ、撹拌し、土質改良材を得た。
含水比は、「土の含水比試験方法」（ＪＩＳ Ａ １２０３）に基づいて測定した。
The water content ratio of each sandy soil listed in Table 1 was adjusted to 0%, 3%, 6%, 14%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35%. Then, the water absorbent polymer (ST-500D, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) was placed in a container so that the mass ratio of each sandy soil was 7.5:92.5, 15:85, and 20:80. and stirred to obtain a soil conditioner.
The water content ratio was measured based on the "Soil water content testing method" (JIS A 1203).
２，０００ｇの模擬土壌に６０ｇの各土質改良材を添加し、ホバートミキサーで３０秒攪拌、数秒間の手混ぜ補助後、更にホバートミキサーで３０秒攪拌した。撹拌した後の土壌を評価に用いた。
撹拌した後の土壌のそれぞれについて、改質及び発塵の有無について下記のようにして評価した。評価結果を表２～４に示す。
60 g of each soil conditioner was added to 2,000 g of simulated soil, stirred for 30 seconds using a Hobart mixer, assisted by hand mixing for several seconds, and further stirred for 30 seconds using a Hobart mixer. The soil after stirring was used for evaluation.
Each of the soils after stirring was evaluated for modification and dust generation as follows. The evaluation results are shown in Tables 2 to 4.
＜改質の判定＞
撹拌した後の土壌を２０ｍｍ目篩により篩分けし、篩下に通過した質量を測定し、下記のようにして残存率を計算した。
残存率＝（篩にのせた土壌の質量―篩下に通過した土壌の質量）／篩にのせた土壌の質量×１００
上記の残存率から、下記の判定基準に基づき改質を評価した。なお、評価が◎、〇であれば土質改良材により土壌を低粘性に改質できたと言える。
－判定基準―
◎：残存率が、５％以下
〇：残存率が、５％超１０％以下
×：残存率が、１０％超
<Determination of modification>
The soil after stirring was sieved through a 20 mm sieve, the mass passing under the sieve was measured, and the residual rate was calculated as follows.
Survival rate = (mass of soil placed on the sieve - mass of soil passed under the sieve) / mass of soil placed on the sieve x 100
From the above residual rate, the modification was evaluated based on the following criteria. In addition, if the evaluation is ◎ or ○, it can be said that the soil was modified to have low viscosity by the soil conditioner.
-Judgment criteria-
◎: Residual rate is 5% or less ○: Residual rate is more than 5% and 10% or less ×: Residual rate is more than 10%
＜発塵の測定＞
発塵の有無については、図１Ａ及び図１Ｂに示した専用の装置１を用いて、一定量の土壌を降下させ、巻き上がった粉塵量を粉塵計で測定することにより評価した。
装置１は、正面が解放されている一方、両側面及び背面が囲いシート１５で囲われている。また、装置１は、正面の下部手前からブロワー１４（送排風機 Ｆ３００－ＫＮ、静岡製機株式会社製）によって送風できるようになっている。風向は、図１Ｂ中の矢印方向である。風速は、スライダック（電圧可変器、図示せず）により、投入用ロート１２の下が１．４ｍ／ｓとなるように調節した。装置内の試料落下中心線と風向中心線との交点から上方向に２００ｍｍ、手前水平方向に５００ｍｍの位置にデジタル粉塵計１３（ＬＤ－３Ｋ２、柴田科学株式会社製）を置いた。粉塵量は、試料投入時間の累積粉塵個数（粉塵１個について１ｃｏｕｎｔ）として表示される。
<Measurement of dust generation>
The presence or absence of dust generation was evaluated by lowering a certain amount of soil using the
The
各配合の改良材（５０ｇ）を投入用ロートの中に少量ずつ落下させるようにして５０秒間かけて装置に投入した。発塵量は、各配合の改良材を投入する前５０秒間に測定した粉塵量をブランク値として、測定した値からブランク値を引いた値を発塵量とした。
発塵量の値から、下記の判定基準に基づき発塵を評価した。なお、評価が◎、〇であれば土質改良材により発塵を防止できると言える。土質改良材を必要とする土壌は、含水比が高い土壌であり、この土壌に土質改良材を混合させる時が、最も発塵しやすくなる。このため、土質改良材そのものが発塵しにくいと、改良した土壌の発塵を防止できることになる。
－判定基準―
◎：発塵量が、２００ｃｏｕｎｔ／５０秒 以下
〇：発塵量が、２００ｃｏｕｎｔ／５０秒 超～１０００ｃｏｕｎｔ／５０秒 以下
×：発塵量が、１０００ｃｏｕｎｔ／５０秒 超
The improving material (50 g) of each formulation was dropped into the feeding funnel little by little and fed into the device over 50 seconds. The amount of dust generated was determined by subtracting the blank value from the measured value, using the amount of dust measured for 50 seconds before adding the improving material of each blend as the blank value.
Based on the value of the amount of dust generated, dust generation was evaluated based on the following criteria. In addition, if the evaluation is ◎ or ○, it can be said that dust generation can be prevented by the soil conditioner. Soil that requires a soil conditioner is soil with a high water content, and dust is most likely to be generated when the soil conditioner is mixed with this soil. Therefore, if the soil conditioner itself does not easily generate dust, the improved soil can be prevented from generating dust.
-Judgment criteria-
◎: The amount of dust generated is less than 200 counts/50 seconds ○: The amount of dust generated is more than 200 counts/50 seconds to less than 1000 counts/50 seconds ×: The amount of dust generated is more than 1000 counts/50 seconds
実施例１－１～２８－１の結果から、本発明の土質改良材により発塵抑制及び改質ができたことが明らかになった。更に、実施例１－１～２８－１、１－２～２８－２、１－３～２８－３から、吸水性高分子と砂質土との割合を変化させた土質改良材であっても、すべて同程度に改質できることが明らかになった。 The results of Examples 1-1 to 28-1 revealed that the soil conditioner of the present invention was able to suppress dust generation and improve soil quality. Furthermore, from Examples 1-1 to 28-1, 1-2 to 28-2, and 1-3 to 28-3, soil improvement materials with varying ratios of water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil It has become clear that all can be modified to the same extent.
実施例２６－２～２８－２及び実施例２６－３～２８－３に示すように、砂質土の含水比２０％、２５％、３０％の場合でも砂質土の種類によっては使用可能である。しかし、砂質土の含水比が３５％である比較例１－１、１－２では、改質ができなかったことが明らかになった。このことから、砂質土の含水比が３０％以下であることが好ましい。
更に、砂質土の電気伝導度（ＥＣ）が、９０ｍＳ／ｍを超えるＮｏ．８～１０の砂質土を用いた比較例２－１～比較例１３－３は、吸水性高分子と砂質土との割合を変化させたとしても改質することができなかった。このことから、砂質土の電気伝導度が９０ｍＳ／ｍ以下であることが、改質において重要であることを示している。
As shown in Examples 26-2 to 28-2 and Examples 26-3 to 28-3, it can be used depending on the type of sandy soil even if the moisture content of the sandy soil is 20%, 25%, or 30%. It is. However, in Comparative Examples 1-1 and 1-2, in which the moisture content of the sandy soil was 35%, it became clear that the improvement could not be achieved. From this, it is preferable that the moisture content of the sandy soil is 30% or less.
Furthermore, the electrical conductivity (EC) of sandy soil exceeds 90 mS/m. In Comparative Examples 2-1 to 13-3 using sandy soil of No. 8 to 10, the property could not be improved even if the ratio of water-absorbing polymer to sandy soil was changed. This shows that it is important for sandy soil to have an electrical conductivity of 90 mS/m or less in soil modification.
次に、含水比６％、１４％である実施例１９－１、２０－１、２１－１などは、発塵、及び改質の評価がどちらも「◎」であるのに対し、含水比０％、３％である実施例１７－１、１８－１などは、発塵の評価結果が「〇」であった。評価結果が「〇」であっても用途目的、適用現場条件によっては土質改良材として使用可能であるが、含水比を６％～２０％とすることで、発塵及び改質の効果を更に良好にすることができるため、好ましい。 Next, in Examples 19-1, 20-1, 21-1, etc. with water content ratios of 6% and 14%, the dust generation and reformation evaluations were both "◎", but the water content ratio In Examples 17-1, 18-1, etc. where the concentration was 0% and 3%, the evaluation result of dust generation was "○". Even if the evaluation result is ``○'', it can be used as a soil improvement material depending on the purpose of use and field conditions, but by setting the moisture content to 6% to 20%, the dust generation and reforming effects can be further This is preferable because it can improve the quality.
粒径０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合については、表２～４に示すように、砂質土Ｎｏ．７の２９．２％であっても、発塵防止と改質とを両立させることができることが明らかになった。
また、粒径０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合が５％以下である砂質土Ｎｏ．１を用い、かつ砂質土の含水比が６％～１４％である実施例３－１、４－１は、発塵、及び改質の評価がどちらも「◎」であるのに対し、粒径０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合が６．４％である砂質土Ｎｏ．６を用い、かつ砂質土の含水比が６％～２０％である実施例２２－１、２３－１は、発塵の評価結果が「〇」であった。評価結果が、「〇」であっても用途目的、適用現場条件によっては使用可能な場合がある。好ましくは、砂質土における０．０７５ｍｍ以下の粒子の割合が５％以下である砂質土を用いることで、発塵及び改質の効果を更に良好にすることができることが明らかになった。
Regarding the proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.075 mm or less, as shown in Tables 2 to 4, sandy soil No. It has become clear that even if it is 29.2% of 7, it is possible to achieve both prevention of dust generation and reforming.
In addition, sandy soil No. 1 in which the proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.075 mm or less is 5% or less. In Examples 3-1 and 4-1, in which 1 was used and the water content ratio of the sandy soil was 6% to 14%, the evaluation of dust generation and modification was both "◎", Sandy soil No. 1 in which the proportion of particles with a particle size of 0.075 mm or less is 6.4%. In Examples 22-1 and 23-1, in which the sample No. 6 was used and the water content ratio of the sandy soil was 6% to 20%, the dust generation evaluation result was "Good". Even if the evaluation result is "〇", it may still be usable depending on the purpose of use and field conditions. It has been found that by preferably using sandy soil in which the ratio of particles of 0.075 mm or less is 5% or less, the effects of dust generation and modification can be further improved.
実施例２０－１（砂質土Ｎｏ．５）の土質改良材を用いた場合のコーン指数の測定結果を図２に示した。ｗ＝５５％（含水比５５％）のグラフが、上述の模擬土壌を用いて測定した結果である。コーン指数の測定試験は、「締固めた土のコーン指数試験方法」（地盤工学会基準 ＪＧＳ０７１６－２００９）に基づいて行った。図２から、土質改良材を入れない場合の模擬土壌のコーン指数が約１５０ｋＮ／ｍ２であるのに対し、土質改良材を１０ｋｇ／ｔ混合した模擬土壌のコーン指数は、約５５０ｋＮ／ｍ２であった。これらのことから、土質改良材を添加することで、コーン指数が飛躍的に向上することが明らかになった。したがって、本発明の土質改良材を添加することで、発塵を防止し、改質できるだけではなく、所定の土質強度をも担保できるようになる。 FIG. 2 shows the measurement results of the Cone index when the soil conditioner of Example 20-1 (sandy soil No. 5) was used. The graph for w=55% (water content 55%) is the result of measurement using the above-mentioned simulated soil. The Cone Index measurement test was conducted based on the ``Cone Index Test Method for Compacted Soil'' (Japan Geotechnical Society Standard JGS0716-2009). From Figure 2, the Cone index of the simulated soil without soil conditioner is approximately 150 kN/ m2 , while the Cone index of the simulated soil with 10 kg/t of soil conditioner mixed is approximately 550 kN/ m2. Met. From these results, it has become clear that the cone index can be dramatically improved by adding soil conditioners. Therefore, by adding the soil conditioner of the present invention, it is possible not only to prevent dust generation and improve the soil quality, but also to ensure a predetermined soil strength.
Claims (6)
前記砂質土の含水比が、３０％以下であり、前記砂質土のＥＣ（電気伝導度）が、９０ｍＳ／ｍ以下であることを特徴とする土質改良材。 A soil improvement material containing a water-absorbing polymer and sandy soil,
A soil improvement material characterized in that the moisture content of the sandy soil is 30% or less, and the EC (electrical conductivity) of the sandy soil is 90mS/m or less.
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| JPH0688074A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-29 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Soil conditioner |
| JPH07102551A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-18 | Sano Takeshi | Effect confirming method after execution of ground improvement work by chemical injecting method and device using the method |
| JPH11188392A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-13 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Modification/solidification method of mud earth, mud water, or sludge of high water content |
| JP2015121031A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 株式会社フジタ | Mouth pipe for high pressure jet mixing method, and high pressure jet mixing method |
| JP2016159260A (en) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-05 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Soil purifying apparatus using electric warming means |
| JP2020200417A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | 清水建設株式会社 | Soil modifying composition and soil modification method |
| JP2021041311A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-18 | メタウォーター株式会社 | Solidifying material |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0688074A (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1994-03-29 | Hitachi Chem Co Ltd | Soil conditioner |
| JPH07102551A (en) * | 1993-10-01 | 1995-04-18 | Sano Takeshi | Effect confirming method after execution of ground improvement work by chemical injecting method and device using the method |
| JPH11188392A (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 1999-07-13 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | Modification/solidification method of mud earth, mud water, or sludge of high water content |
| JP2015121031A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-07-02 | 株式会社フジタ | Mouth pipe for high pressure jet mixing method, and high pressure jet mixing method |
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| JP2020200417A (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-17 | 清水建設株式会社 | Soil modifying composition and soil modification method |
| JP2021041311A (en) * | 2019-09-06 | 2021-03-18 | メタウォーター株式会社 | Solidifying material |
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