JP2023167406A - Three-dimensional lamination apparatus and method therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a three-dimensional lamination apparatus and a method therefor which are capable of miniaturizing the apparatus and molding a molded article without being limited by the size of a working object.SOLUTION: A three-dimensional lamination apparatus comprises a powder receiving member 12 that comes into contact with the side face of a working object having a molding face 106 so as to receive a powder material, a powder holding member 13 that comes into contact with the outer face of the powder receiving member 12 so as to be freely movably supported along a molding direction crossed with the molding face 106, a movement device 14 which is capable of moving the powder holding member 13 along the molding direction, and an irradiation device 17 that irradiates the powder material on the molding face 106 with a light beam so as to be melted and solidified to form a molded layer.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present disclosure relates to three-dimensional lamination apparatus and methods.

In recent years, three-dimensional lamination apparatuses that form three-dimensional laminated bodies using powders such as metal powders as raw materials have been put into practical use. As one of the additive manufacturing methods (for example, AM: Additive Manufacturing) using a three-dimensional laminating apparatus, there is a powder bed method (PBF: Powder Bed Fusion). In the powder bed additive manufacturing method, first, a workpiece having a modeling surface is placed in a chamber, and metal powder is filled around and above the workpiece. Next, a smooth surface of metal powder is formed above the modeling surface of the workpiece using a recoater. Then, by irradiating the smooth surface of the metal powder with a laser beam, electron beam, etc., and melting and solidifying the metal powder, a complex three-dimensional object is formed on the surface of the workpiece. . Examples of such three-dimensional lamination devices include those described in the following patent documents.

JP2019-081947A Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2020-192800

Conventional three-dimensional lamination apparatuses require a chamber for accommodating workpieces to be three-dimensionally laminated. Since the chamber needs to accommodate the entire object to be processed, it becomes difficult to accommodate huge objects, and there is a problem in that the size of the object to be three-dimensionally stacked is limited. . Further, in the conventional three-dimensional lamination apparatus, it is necessary to lower the modeled object by a predetermined distance within the chamber each time the metal powder on the modeled surface is melted and solidified. When the workpiece is large, there is a problem that the lowering device becomes large.

The present disclosure solves the above-mentioned problems, and aims to provide a three-dimensional lamination apparatus that can reduce the size of the apparatus and form objects without being constrained by the size of the workpiece. purpose.

A three-dimensional lamination apparatus of the present disclosure for achieving the above object includes a powder receiving member that contacts a workpiece having a modeling surface and receives powder material, and a powder receiving member that contacts the powder receiving member and crosses the modeling surface. a powder holding member supported movably along a modeling direction; a moving device capable of moving the powder holding member along the modeling direction; and a powder material on the modeling surface irradiated with a light beam. An irradiation device that forms a molded layer by melting and solidifying it.

Further, the three-dimensional lamination method of the present disclosure includes a step of supplying powder material to the modeling surface of the workpiece while a powder receiving member is in contact with the workpiece, and a light beam to the powder material on the modeling surface. a step of forming a first molded layer by irradiating and melting and solidifying the powder; a step of moving a powder holding member in contact with the powder receiving member by a predetermined distance along a modeling direction intersecting the modeling surface; The method includes a step of supplying a powder material onto the first molding layer, and a step of forming a second molding layer by irradiating the powder material on the first molding layer with a light beam to melt and solidify it.

According to the three-dimensional laminating apparatus of the present disclosure, it is possible to downsize the apparatus, and it is also possible to form a molded object without being restricted by the size of the workpiece.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional lamination apparatus of this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a three-dimensional lamination apparatus. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the main parts of the three-dimensional laminating apparatus. FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3. FIG. 5 is a front view of the powder recoater. FIG. 6 is a side view showing the powder recoater. FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the three-dimensional lamination method. FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a rough machining method for the modeling surface of the workpiece. FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a method for creating a three-dimensional model of a workpiece. FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of attaching a three-dimensional laminating apparatus to a workpiece. FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a micromachining method for a modeling surface of a workpiece. FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a method of supplying metal powder. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a method of forming a smooth surface of metal powder using a powder recoater. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a modeling method using light beam irradiation. FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a molded object relative to the molded surface of the workpiece. FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a workpiece on which a modeled object has been formed. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a workpiece on which a modified model is formed.

Preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to this embodiment, and if there are multiple embodiments, the present disclosure also includes a configuration in which each embodiment is combined. In addition, the components in the embodiments include those that can be easily imagined by those skilled in the art, those that are substantially the same, and those that are in the so-called equivalent range.

<Three-dimensional lamination device>
FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a three-dimensional laminating apparatus of this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the three-dimensional laminating apparatus.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the three-dimensional laminating apparatus 10 is applied to repair work of a workpiece 100. The workpiece 100 is, for example, a turbine blade applied to an aircraft engine, a gas turbine for power generation, or the like, and includes a blade portion 101, a platform 102, and a blade root portion 103. Further, the wing portion 101 has protrusions 104 and 105 on the upper portion. However, one of the protrusions 105 has been deformed due to long-term use, so it has been removed in advance to form the modeling surface 106. The workpiece 100 is positioned and fixed at a predetermined position by a jig 111. The three-dimensional laminating apparatus 10 forms a formed object 107 having the same shape as the protrusion 105 by laminating metal on the forming surface 106 of the workpiece 100 .

Note that the three-dimensional lamination apparatus 10 may be applied not only to the repair work of the workpiece 100 but also to the work of forming a new object 107 on the workpiece 100. Further, the workpiece 100 is not limited to a turbine blade applied to an aircraft engine, a gas turbine for power generation, or the like.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus 10 includes an apparatus main body 11, a powder receiving member 12, a powder holding member 13, a moving device 14, a powder supplying device 15, a powder recoater 16, an irradiation device 17, a processing device 18, It includes a measuring device 19 and an inert gas supply device 20.

In the device main body 11, the mounting plate 21 is supported by a support plate (not shown), and a support plate 23 is supported above via a plurality of support rods 22. The support plate 23 has a U-shape in which a pair of side plates 23b are integrally provided on both sides of a bottom plate 23a. In the support plate 23, a rail portion 24 is fixed to the upper part of each side plate 23b. The first movable table 25 is arranged so as to span each side plate 23b, and each support portion 25a is movably supported by the rail portion 24 of each side plate 23b. That is, the first movable table 25 is supported movably along the first direction X, which is a horizontal direction with respect to the support plate 23. Note that the first movable table 25 is movable in the first direction X by a drive device (not shown), but may be movable manually.

The first movable table 25 has a rail portion 26 fixed thereto. The second movable table 27 is supported by the rail portion 26 so as to be movable along the second direction Y, which is a horizontal direction with respect to the first movable table 25 . The first direction X and the second direction Y are orthogonal to each other. Although the second movable table 27 is movable in the second direction Y by a drive device (not shown), it may be movable manually. The processing device 18 is supported by the second moving table 27. That is, the processing device 18 is supported movably in the first direction (parallelism) can be corrected. The processing device 18 is, for example, a laser processing device, but may also be a processing device such as a search device.

The elevating table 28 is supported by a plurality of guide members 29 having a plurality of guide rods 28a fixed to the support plate 23 so as to be movable up and down. Further, a plurality of elevating devices 30 are fixed to the mounting plate 21 , and the elevating device 30 has a tip end of an elevating rod 30 a connected to the elevating table 28 . Therefore, by driving the elevating device 30, the elevating table 28 can be moved along the third direction Z, which is the vertical direction. The third direction Z is orthogonal to the first direction X and the second direction Y.

The elevating table 28 has a frame shape, and the powder receiving member 12 and the powder holding member 13 are arranged below an opening in the center. The powder receiving member 12 has a rectangular plate shape and is fixed to the upper part of the support plate 23. The powder receiving member 12 receives the metal powder (powder material) P by contacting the side surface (outer peripheral surface of the wing portion 101) of the workpiece 100 having the modeling surface 106. The powder holding member 13 has a square frame shape and is arranged outside the powder receiving member 12 along the outer peripheral surface of the powder receiving member 12. The powder holding member 13 is in contact with the outer surface of the powder receiving member 12 and is supported movably along the third direction Z, which is the modeling direction that intersects the modeling surface 106 . The moving device 14 is disposed on the lifting table 28 and is capable of moving the powder holding member 13 with respect to the powder receiving member 12 along the third direction Z, which is the modeling direction.

The powder supply device 15 is arranged above the device main body 11. The powder supply device 15 is supported movably along a first direction X and a second direction Y, preferably a third direction Z, by a moving device (not shown). The powder supply device 15 can supply metal powder P, which is a powder material, toward at least the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 .

A pair of rail portions 31 are fixed to the plurality of guide members 29 . The pair of rail parts 31 are arranged along the first direction X so as to be parallel to the pair of rail parts 24. The pair of third movable tables 32 are supported movably along the first direction X along the pair of rail parts 31, respectively. The pair of third movable platforms 32 are connected by a connecting rod 33. Furthermore, the powder recoater 16 is suspended between the pair of third movable bases 32 and supported by the pair of third movable bases 32 via a pair of hanging members 34 . The powder recoater 16 makes the upper surface of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 a smooth surface P1. Although the powder recoater 16 is moved by an operator holding the connecting rod 33, it may be driven by a drive device.

The measuring device 19 is attached to the powder recoater 16 . The measuring device 19 is attached to one end and the other end of the powder recoater 16 in the second direction Y. The measuring device 19 is supported movably along the first direction X along with the powder recoater 16 with respect to the device main body 11. The measuring device 19 can measure the angle of the modeling surface 106. The measuring device 19 is, for example, a laser measuring device that measures the distance to the modeling surface 106, but may be another measuring device.

The irradiation device 17 is arranged above the device main body 11. The irradiation device 17 is supported movably along the first direction X and the second direction Y, preferably the third direction Z, by a moving device (not shown). The irradiation device 17 irradiates the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 with a light beam R to melt and solidify the metal powder P to form a molded layer. Here, the light beam R irradiated by the irradiation device 17 is, for example, a laser beam or an electron beam.

The inert gas supply device 20 is arranged in the device main body 11. The inert gas supply device 20 supplies inert gas along the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100. The inert gas supply device 20 includes a jet nozzle 36 , a supply line 37 , an on-off valve (preferably a flow rate adjustment valve) 38 , and a gas tank 39 . The ejection nozzle 36 is preferably arranged on the powder holding member 13 . The jet nozzle 36 is connected to a gas tank 39 via a supply line 37 . An on-off valve 38 is provided in the supply line 37. Here, the inert gas supplied by the inert gas supply device is argon, nitrogen, or the like.

The moving device 14, the powder supply device 15, the irradiation device 17, the processing device 18, the measuring device 19, and the inert gas supply device 20 (on-off valve 38) are connected to the control unit 70. The control unit 70 can drive and control the opening/closing valves 38 of the moving device 14 , the powder supply device 15 , the irradiation device 17 , the processing device 18 , the measurement device 19 , and the inert gas supply device 20 . Here, the control unit 70 is a control device, and the control device is a controller. For example, various programs stored in a storage unit are transferred to a RAM by a CPU (Central Processing Unit), an MPU (Micro Processing Unit), etc. This is achieved by executing this as a work area.

<Powder receiving member and powder holding member>
FIG. 3 is a plan view showing essential parts of the three-dimensional lamination apparatus, and FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the powder receiving member 12 has a bottom portion 12a and a vertical wall portion 13b. The powder receiving member 12 is constructed by integrally providing four vertical wall portions 13b on the outer periphery of the bottom portion 12a. The powder receiving member 12 has an opening 41 in the bottom 12a that fits into the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 100, including the side surface. The opening 41 has the shape of the wing section 101 of the workpiece 100 and has a size that is one size larger than the wing section 101 . Therefore, the opening portion 41 of the powder receiving member 12 fits into the wing portion 101 . At this time, it is preferable to provide a member that fills the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the opening 41 of the powder receiving member 12 and the outer peripheral surface of the wing section 101.

A sealing member 42 is provided on at least one of the powder holding member 13 and the powder receiving member 12. In this embodiment, the sealing member 42 is provided on the powder holding member 13. That is, in the powder holding member 13, a groove portion 12c is formed along the circumferential direction on the outside of each vertical wall portion 12b. The seal member 42 has a rectangular shape and is fixed to the groove portion 12c of each vertical wall portion 12b of the powder holding member 13. The powder receiving member 12 is located outside the powder holding member 13, and its inner circumferential surface is in close contact with the outer circumferential surface of the sealing member 42. Therefore, even if the powder receiving member 12 moves in the third direction Z with respect to the powder holding member 13, the powder holding member 13 and the powder receiving member 12 are maintained in close contact with each other via the sealing member 42. Note that the sealing member 42 may be provided on the powder receiving member 12.

<Powder recoater>
FIG. 5 is a front view of the powder recoater, and FIG. 6 is a side view of the powder recoater.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the powder recoater 16 includes a support plate 51, a recoater body 52, a plurality of gripping members 53, a plurality of blades 54, and a height adjustment device 55.

The support plate 51 is arranged along the second direction Y. The support plate 51 is suspended and supported by each third movable table 32 via a pair of hanging members 34 . The recoater main body 52 is arranged below the support plate 51 along the second direction Y. In the recoater main body 52, an opening groove 52a opening downward and laterally is formed along the second direction Y. The plurality of gripping members 53 are arranged below the recoater main body 52. Each gripping member 53 is provided with a hanging support portion 53a at its upper portion. The gripping member 53 can be positioned at a predetermined position by fitting the hanging support portion 53a into the opening groove 52a of the recoater main body 52 so as to be movable along the second direction Y.

Furthermore, each gripping member 53 is capable of gripping the upper portions of the plurality of blades 54, respectively. The plurality of gripping members 53 and the plurality of blades 54 have the same shape. The height adjustment device 55 is arranged on both sides of the upper part of the support plate 51. That is, one height adjustment device 55 is arranged on one side of the support plate 51 in the second direction Y, and the other height adjustment device 55 is arranged on the other side of the support plate 51 in the second direction Y. Placed. In each height adjustment device 55, the tip of a drive rod 55a passes through the support plate 51 and is connected to the recoater main body 52.

Therefore, in the powder recoater 16, a plurality of blades 54 are detachably attached to the recoater main body 52 in a line in the second direction Y parallel to the modeling surface 106. At this time, the powder recoater 16 can remove unnecessary gripping members 53 and blades 54 from among the plurality of gripping members 53 and blades 54. The powder recoater 16 is movable along a first direction X that is parallel to the modeling surface 106. Further, the height adjustment device 55 can adjust the angle of the recoater body 52 with respect to the device body 11, that is, the parallelism of the plurality of blades 54 with respect to the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100.

<Three-dimensional lamination method>
FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the three-dimensional lamination method.

The three-dimensional lamination method of this embodiment includes a step of supplying metal powder P to the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 with the powder receiving member 12 in contact with the workpiece 100, and a step of supplying the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106. forming a first molding layer by irradiating the light beam R to melt and solidify the powder, and moving the powder holding member 13 in contact with the powder receiving member 12 by a predetermined distance along the molding direction intersecting the molding surface 106. a step of supplying metal powder P onto the first molding layer; and a step of irradiating the metal powder P on the first molding layer with a light beam R to melt and solidify it to form a second molding layer. has.

Specifically, in step S11, the workpiece 100 is positioned, and in step S12, rough machining is performed on the modeling surface 106.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a rough machining method for the modeling surface of the workpiece. As shown in FIG. 8, the workpiece 100 is placed at a predetermined position, and the blade root portion 103 is fixed at the predetermined position by a jig 111, thereby positioning the workpiece 100. At this time, the workpiece 100 is arranged so that the modeling surface 106 is substantially horizontal. Then, rough machining is performed on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100. In this case, rough machining of the modeling surface 106 is performed using, for example, a grinder.

In step S13, a three-dimensional model of the workpiece 100 is created. The reference three-dimensional model of the workpiece 100 is saved as design data using CAD (Computer Aided Design). The control unit 70 creates a three-dimensional model of the current workpiece 100 with respect to the reference three-dimensional model of the workpiece 100.

FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a method for creating a three-dimensional model of a workpiece. As shown in FIG. 9, since the workpiece 100 is manufactured by casting, manufacturing errors occur. Further, since the workpiece 100 is used for a long period of time, the wing portion 101, platform 102, blade root portion 103, etc. are deformed. Furthermore, although the workpiece 100 is positioned and fixed by the jig 111, a positioning error occurs. Therefore, the control unit 70 creates a current three-dimensional model based on the reference three-dimensional model and corrects the modeling surface 106 on which the object 107 is formed.

In step S14, the three-dimensional laminating apparatus 10 is placed on the positionally fixed workpiece 100.

FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating a method of attaching a three-dimensional laminating apparatus to a workpiece. As shown in FIG. 10, the powder receiving member 12 mounted on the three-dimensional laminating apparatus 10 is formed with an opening 41 (see FIG. 5) corresponding to the wing section 101 of the workpiece 100. Therefore, the apparatus main body 11 is moved relative to the positioned workpiece 100 and placed in a state where the opening 41 of the powder receiving member 12 is fitted into the wing section 101 of the workpiece 100.

In step S15, micromachining is performed on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100. That is, although the workpiece 100 is positioned and fixed so that the modeling surface 106 is horizontal, there is a possibility that the parallelism is shifted. Therefore, micromachining is performed so that the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 is horizontal. At this time, the operator moves the powder recoater 16 along the first direction X to measure the angle (parallelism) of the modeling surface 106 using the measuring device 19.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram illustrating a micromachining method for a modeling surface of a workpiece. As shown in FIG. 11, the processing device 18 is positioned above the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100. The control unit 70 finely processes the modeling surface 106 by moving the processing device 18 in the first direction X and the second direction Y. In this case, the fine processing performed by the processing device 18 on the modeling surface 106 is performed by, for example, laser processing, polishing, or the like. Note that after the processing device 18 microfabricates the modeling surface 106, the measuring device 19 measures and confirms the angle (parallelism) of the modeling surface 106.

In step S16, the irradiation position of the light beam irradiated from the irradiation device 17 is adjusted. That is, the control unit 70 grasps the position on the modeling surface 106 based on the three-dimensional model of the workpiece 100, and defines the irradiation position of the light beam R from the irradiation device 17 on the modeling surface 106.

In step S17, the powder recoater 16 is adjusted. The workpiece 100 is. Since the wing portion 101 has the projection 104, it is necessary to adjust the shape of the blade 54 in the powder recoater 16. That is, when the powder recoater 16 moves in the first direction X, the blade 54 that comes into contact with the protrusion 104 is removed.

In step S18, the control unit 70 moves the powder holding member 13 up by a predetermined distance using the moving device 14. That is, the control unit 70 raises the powder holding member 13 and positions it so that the upper surface of the powder holding member 13 is located above the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 by a predetermined stacked amount of metal powder P. let Here, the rising distance of the powder holding member 13 is the stacking height of the metal powder P, and is the thickness of the molded layer.

In step S19, the control unit 70 operates the powder supply device 15 to supply the metal powder P to the powder receiving member 12. That is, the powder supply device 15 supplies the metal powder P to the powder receiving member 12 so that the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 is covered.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a method of supplying metal powder. As shown in FIG. 12, in the workpiece 100, a powder receiving member 12 is arranged around the wing portion 101, and a powder holding member 13 is arranged around the powder receiving member 12. Therefore, a powder filling space is formed between the wing portion 101, the powder receiving member 12, and the powder holding member 13. The powder supply device 15 supplies the metal powder P so that the powder filling space and the modeling surface 106 are filled.

In step S0, the control unit 70 operates the powder recoater 16 so that the upper surface of the metal powder P filled in the powder filling space between the wing portion 101, the powder receiving member 12, and the powder holding member 13 has a smooth surface. Form P1. In this case, the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P only needs to be formed at least on the upper surface of the modeling surface 106.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a method of forming a smooth surface P1 of metal powder P using a powder recoater. As shown in FIG. 13, the powder recoater 16 has the blade 54 that contacts the protrusion 104 removed. When the operator moves the powder recoater 16 along the first direction X, the blade 54 scrapes off excess metal powder P on the modeling surface 106, forming a smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P. That is, a layer of metal powder P having a predetermined thickness is formed on the modeling surface 106.

In step S21, the control unit 70 operates the inert gas supply device 20 and opens the on-off valve 38 to eject inert gas from the ejection nozzle 36 along the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P. Then, in step S22, in this state, the control unit 70 irradiates the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106 with the light beam R from the irradiation device 17.

FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a modeling method using light beam irradiation. As shown in FIG. 14, the inert gas supply device 20 creates an inert gas atmosphere in the space above the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P by spouting inert gas along the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P. maintain. In this state, the irradiation device 17 irradiates the light beam R toward the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106. At this time, by moving the irradiation device 17 along the first direction X and the second direction Y, the entire upper surface of the modeling surface 106 is irradiated with the light beam R. Then, the first molded layer is formed on the modeling surface 106 by melting and then solidifying the metal powder P in the area on the modeling surface 106.

In step S23, the control unit 70 determines whether three-dimensional modeling has been completed. That is, the control unit 70 determines whether the object 107 of a predetermined height has been formed on the object 106 to be processed. Here, if the control unit 70 determines that the object 107 of the predetermined height is not formed on the forming surface 106 of the workpiece 100 (No), the control section 70 moves to step S18 and repeats the processing of steps S18 to S22. implement.

That is, in steps S18 to S22, the control unit 70 raises the powder holding member 13 by a predetermined distance, supplies the metal powder P to the powder receiving member 12 with the powder supply device 15, and then operates the powder recoater 16. Then, a smooth surface P1 is formed on the upper surface of the metal powder P. Then, the control unit 70 operates the inert gas supply device 20 to maintain the space above the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P in an inert gas atmosphere, and the irradiation device 17 causes the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P to be exposed to the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P. A light beam R is irradiated toward the target. Then, the metal powder P in the region on the modeling surface 106 is melted and then solidified, thereby forming a second molding layer on the first molding layer.

By repeatedly performing the processes of steps S18 to S22, a shaped object 107 of a predetermined height is modeled on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram showing the state of a molded object relative to the molded surface of the workpiece. As shown in FIG. 15, by repeating melting and solidification of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106, a plurality of molding layers are stacked on the modeling surface 106, and a molded article 107 is created.

Then, in step S23, the control unit 70 determines that the object 107 of a predetermined height has been formed on the forming surface 106 of the workpiece 100 (Yes), and proceeds to step S24. In step S24, the operator removes the three-dimensional laminating device 10 from the workpiece 100 to complete the work.

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram showing a workpiece on which a modeled object has been formed. As shown in FIG. 16, the workpiece 100 is provided with a protrusion 104 on one side of a wing 101, and a shaped object 107 as a protrusion 105 on a shaped surface 106 on the other side of the wing 101. Ru.

Note that the three-dimensional lamination method of this embodiment is not limited to the method described above. FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing a workpiece on which a modified model is formed.

As shown in FIG. 17, the workpiece 100 includes a protrusion 104 on one side of the wing 101, and a shaped object 107A as a protrusion 105 on the shaping surface 106 on the other side of the wing 101. Ru. The shaped object 107A includes a laminated portion 121 and a welded portion 122.

That is, in FIG. 15, the workpiece 100 repeatedly melts and solidifies the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106, thereby stacking a plurality of molding layers on the modeling surface 106, and forms a molded object 107. On the other hand, in FIG. 16, the workpiece 100 is produced by repeatedly melting and solidifying the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106, and then stacking a plurality of laminated parts 121 on the molding surface 106. The modeled object 107A is modeled by welding the welded portion 122.

[Actions and effects of this embodiment]
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to the first aspect includes a powder receiving member 12 that contacts the workpiece 100 and receives the metal powder (powder material) P, which has a modeling surface 106, and a powder receiving member 12 that contacts the powder receiving member 12 and receives the modeling surface. A powder holding member 13 is supported movably along the building direction intersecting with the building direction 106, a moving device 14 capable of moving the powder holding member 13 along the building direction, and a light beam is applied to the metal powder P on the building surface 106. It includes an irradiation device 17 that forms a molded layer by irradiating R and melting and solidifying it.

According to the three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to the first aspect, the powder receiving member 12 that contacts the workpiece 100 is provided, and the powder holding member 13 that contacts the powder receiving member 12 and is movable along the modeling direction is provided. By providing this, the powder receiving member 12 can receive excess metal powder P, and by moving the powder holding member 13 along the modeling direction, metal powder P of a predetermined thickness is laminated on the modeling surface 106. be able to. Therefore, a chamber for accommodating the workpieces 100 is not required, and there is no restriction on the size of the workpieces 100 on which three-dimensional stacking is performed. Further, it is sufficient to simply move the powder holding member 13 with respect to the powder receiving member 12, and it is not necessary to raise and lower the workpiece 100, so that the molded object can be molded with high precision.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the second aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the first aspect, in which the powder receiving member 12 further has an opening 41 along the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece 100. Thereby, the powder receiving member 12 will be located around the workpiece 100, and the powder receiving member 12 can appropriately receive the excess metal powder P.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the third aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the second aspect, and further has a frame shape in which the powder holding member 13 is provided along the outer peripheral surface of the powder receiving member 12. Thereby, the powder holding member 13 is positioned around the powder receiving member 12, and a layer of metal powder P having a predetermined thickness can be appropriately formed on the modeling surface 106.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the fourth aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the third aspect, in which a sealing member 42 is further provided on either one of the powder holding member 13 and the powder receiving member 12. Thereby, leakage of the metal powder P from the gap between the powder holding member 13 and the powder receiving member 12 can be prevented.

A three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to a fifth aspect is a three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to any of the first to fourth aspects, further comprising a powder in which the upper surface of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106 is a smooth surface P1. It has a recoater 16. Thereby, a layer of metal powder P having a predetermined thickness can be formed on the modeling surface 106 with high precision (for example, 0.05 mm or less).

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the sixth aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the fifth aspect, in which the powder recoater 16 is supported movably in a first direction X parallel to the modeling surface 106. The recoater body 52 includes a recoater body 52, and a plurality of blades 54 that are removably attached to the recoater body 52 in parallel with the modeling surface 106 and in line in a second direction Y that is orthogonal to the first direction X. As a result, by removing the unnecessary blade 54 from the recoater main body 52, it is possible to avoid contact between the upper part of the workpiece 100 and the powder recoater 16, and regardless of the shape of the upper part of the workpiece 100, the blade 54 can shape the workpiece 100. A layer of metal powder P having a predetermined thickness can be formed on the surface 106, and a molded object can be molded with high precision.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the seventh aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the sixth aspect, and further includes a height adjusting device 55 in which the powder recoater 16 adjusts the parallelism of the recoater body 52 with respect to the modeling surface 106. has. Thereby, a layer of metal powder P having a predetermined thickness can be formed on the modeling surface 106 with high precision.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the eighth aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the sixth aspect or the seventh aspect, and is further supported movably along the first direction X together with the recoater main body 52. It has a measuring device 19 that measures the angle of the modeling surface 106. Thereby, the modeling surface 106 can be processed with high precision based on the measurement results of the measuring device 19, and the angle of the recoater main body 52 can be adjusted with high precision.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the ninth aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the sixth to eighth aspects, and further includes a three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the sixth aspect to the eighth aspect. It has a processing device 18 that is movably supported and corrects the angle of the modeling surface 106 by processing the modeling surface 106. Thereby, the angle of the modeling surface 106 can be corrected with high precision by the processing device 18.

The three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the tenth aspect is the three-dimensional laminating apparatus according to the first to ninth aspects, further comprising an inert material along the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P on the modeling surface 106. It has an inert gas supply device 20 that supplies gas G. Thereby, by creating an inert gas atmosphere in the area above the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P, oxidation of the metal powder P can be suppressed.

The three-dimensional lamination method according to the eleventh aspect includes a step of supplying metal powder P to the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100 while the powder receiving member 12 is in contact with the workpiece 100, and a step of supplying the metal powder P to the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100. A step of forming a first molding layer by irradiating the powder P with a light beam R to melt and solidify it, and a step of moving the powder holding member 13 in contact with the powder receiving member 12 a predetermined distance along the modeling direction intersecting the modeling surface 106. , a step of supplying the metal powder P onto the first molding layer, and a step of irradiating the metal powder P on the first molding layer with a light beam R to melt and solidify it to form a second molding layer. It has a process. Therefore, a chamber for accommodating the workpieces 100 is not required, and there is no restriction on the size of the workpieces 100 on which three-dimensional stacking is performed. Further, it is sufficient to simply move the powder holding member 13 with respect to the powder receiving member 12, and it is not necessary to raise and lower the workpiece 100, so that the molded object can be molded with high precision.

The three-dimensional lamination method according to the twelfth aspect is the three-dimensional lamination method according to the eleventh aspect, further comprising inactivating the metal powder P along the smooth surface P1 on the modeling surface 106 of the workpiece 100. After forming an inert gas atmosphere by blowing out gas G, the metal powder P is irradiated with a light beam R. Thereby, by creating an inert gas atmosphere in the area above the smooth surface P1 of the metal powder P, oxidation of the metal powder P can be suppressed.

10 Three-dimensional lamination device 11 Device body 12 Powder receiving member 13 Powder holding member 14 Moving device 15 Powder supply device 16 Powder recoater 17 Irradiation device 18 Processing device 19 Measuring device 20 Inert gas supply device 21 Mounting plate 22 Support rod 23 Support plate 24 Rail part 25 First moving table 26 Rail part 27 Second moving table 28 Lifting table 29 Guide member 30 Lifting device 31 Rail part 32 Third moving table 33 Connecting rod 34 Hanging member 36 Spout nozzle 37 Supply line 38 Opening/closing valve 39 Gas tank 41 Opening 42 Seal member 51 Support plate 52 Recoater body 53 Gripping member 54 Blade 55 Height adjustment device 70 Control section 100 Workpiece 101 Wing section 102 Platform 103 Wing root section 104, 105 Projection section 106 Modeling surface 107, 107A Modeling Item 111 Jig G Inert gas P Metal powder (powder material)
R light beam

Claims (12)

a powder receiving member that contacts a workpiece having a modeling surface and receives powder material;
a powder holding member that is in contact with the powder receiving member and is supported movably along a modeling direction intersecting the modeling surface;
a moving device capable of moving the powder holding member along the modeling direction;
an irradiation device that forms a molded layer by irradiating the powder material on the modeling surface with a light beam to melt and solidify it;
A three-dimensional lamination device equipped with. The powder receiving member has an opening along the outer peripheral surface of the workpiece,
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 1. The powder holding member has a frame shape provided along the outer peripheral surface of the powder receiving member.
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 2. A sealing member is provided on either one of the powder holding member and the powder receiving member,
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 3. comprising a recoater that makes the upper surface of the powder material on the modeling surface a smooth surface;
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The recoater includes a recoater body supported movably in a first direction parallel to the modeling surface, and a second direction parallel to the modeling surface and orthogonal to the first direction relative to the recoater body. It has a plurality of blades that are detachably attached in a line.
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 5. The recoater has a height adjustment device that adjusts the parallelism of the recoater body with respect to the modeling surface.
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 6. a measuring device that is movably supported along the first direction together with the recoater body and measures the angle of the modeling surface;
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 6. a processing device that is movably supported along the first direction and the second direction with respect to the device body and corrects the angle of the modeling surface by processing the modeling surface;
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 6. an inert gas supply device that supplies inert gas along the smooth surface of the powder material on the modeling surface;
The three-dimensional lamination apparatus according to claim 1. supplying powder material to the modeling surface of the workpiece while the powder receiving member is in contact with the workpiece;
forming a first molding layer by irradiating the powder material on the modeling surface with a light beam to melt and solidify it;
moving a powder holding member in contact with the powder receiving member by a predetermined distance along a modeling direction intersecting the modeling surface;
supplying a powder material onto the first molded layer;
forming a second molding layer by irradiating the powder material on the first molding layer with a light beam to melt and solidify it;
A three-dimensional lamination method with After forming an inert gas atmosphere by spouting an inert gas along the upper surface of the powder material supplied to the modeling surface of the workpiece, irradiating the powder material with a light beam;
The three-dimensional lamination method according to claim 11.

Images