JP2023162001A - Ammonia fuel vessel - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide an ammonia fuel vessel capable of suppressing diffusion of leaked ammonia gas.SOLUTION: An ammonia fuel vessel 1 includes: an ammonia fuel engine 4 using ammonia as fuel; a generator 5 using ammonia as fuel; and an engine room 9 installed with the ammonia fuel engine 4 and the generator 5. The engine room 9 is partitioned into a first region 91 including the generator 5 and a second region 92 including the ammonia fuel engine 4.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

The present invention relates to an ammonia-fueled ship, and particularly to an ammonia-fueled ship equipped with an engine that uses ammonia as fuel.

In recent years, from the perspective of environmental conservation, zero emissions, which reduces the emission of substances and waste that pollute the environment, has been proposed. In the field of international shipping, ammonia is attracting attention as a fuel that does not generate carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) during combustion, and ammonia-fueled ships are being developed (for example, see Patent Document 1).

Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2021-161921

In ammonia fueled ships, since the boiling point of ammonia is as low as -33°C under atmospheric pressure, storage of ammonia on board as liquefied ammonia at low temperature or high pressure is being considered. If liquefied ammonia leaks into the atmosphere, vaporized ammonia gas will diffuse. Since ammonia gas has strong toxicity, it is important to prevent liquefied ammonia from leaking and to minimize the impact on the human body and the environment when it leaks.

The present invention was devised in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an ammonia fueled ship that can suppress the diffusion of leaked ammonia gas.

According to the present invention, in an ammonia-fueled ship equipped with an engine room in which an engine that uses ammonia as fuel is installed, the engine room includes a plurality of areas divided based on the risk of ammonia gas leakage. An ammonia fueled ship is provided.

The plurality of regions may be partitioned by partition means that inhibits movement of the ammonia gas.

The partition means may be configured to completely partition the plurality of areas, or may be configured to partition only the upper space of the plurality of areas.

The partition means may be configured to allow water to pass through the plurality of areas in an emergency.

The plurality of regions may include a first region including a generator that uses the ammonia as fuel, and a second region including the engine.

The plurality of regions may include a third region through which ammonia fuel does not pass.

The area where the risk of leakage is relatively high may be set to have a lower internal pressure than the area where the risk of leakage is relatively low.

Each of the plurality of regions may be provided with independent ventilation means.

The ventilation means may have an exhaust port located at a higher position than an air supply port.

The ventilation means may include a ventilation fan.

According to the ammonia-fueled ship according to the present invention described above, the engine room in which engines that use ammonia as fuel are installed is divided into a plurality of areas based on the risk of leakage of ammonia gas, so that ammonia is not consumed at specific locations in the engine room. Even if gas leaks, diffusion of ammonia gas can be suppressed.

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ammonia fueled ship. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an ammonia fueled ship according to a first embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a cross-sectional view of the engine room in the longitudinal direction, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of the engine room in the ship width direction. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a modification of the ammonia fueled ship shown in FIG. 2, in which (A) is a cross-sectional view of the engine room in the longitudinal direction, and (B) is a cross-sectional view of the engine room in the ship width direction. FIG. 4 is a sectional view in the ship width direction showing an engine room of an ammonia fueled ship according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) shows a second embodiment and (B) shows a third embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4(B). Here, FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an ammonia fueled ship. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an ammonia fueled ship according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a cross-sectional view of the engine room in the ship's length direction, (B) is a cross-sectional view of the engine room in the ship's width direction, It is. FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a modification of the ammonia fueled ship shown in FIG. be. In each figure, the ship length direction is defined as the X axis, the width direction of the ship as the Y axis, and the height direction of the ship as the Z axis.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the ammonia fuel ship 1 includes an ammonia fuel tank 2 that stores ammonia as fuel, a reliquefaction device 3 that reliquefies vaporized gas generated from the ammonia fuel tank 2, and a reliquefaction device 3 that reliquefies the vaporized gas generated from the ammonia fuel tank 2. An ammonia fuel engine 4 used as fuel, a generator 5 that uses ammonia as fuel, a fuel supply device 6 that supplies ammonia from the ammonia fuel tank 2 to the ammonia fuel engine 4 and the generator 5, and ammonia fuel tank 2. A bunker station 7 for supplying ammonia is provided.

The ammonia-fueled ship 1 also includes a living area 8 that provides a working area and a living space for sailors, and an engine room 9 in which internal combustion engines such as an ammonia-fueled engine 4 and a generator 5 are installed. The living quarters 8 are arranged on the upper deck 10, for example. Further, the engine room 9 includes, for example, a lower space arranged below the upper deck 10 and an upper space arranged above the upper deck 10. A chimney 11 is arranged in the upper part of the engine room 9 to exhaust exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine.

Note that the configuration of the ammonia fueled ship 1 shown in FIG. 1 is merely an example, and is not limited to the illustrated configuration and arrangement. For example, the reliquefaction device 3 may be omitted if necessary, and the fuel tank 2 may be a cargo tank.

For example, if the ammonia fuel ship 1 is also an ammonia cargo transport ship, the ammonia fuel tank 2 may be a tank that also serves as an ammonia cargo, and the bunker station 7 may be a cargo manifold.

Further, the ammonia fueled ship 1 may be a hybrid ship that uses other propulsion devices such as a diesel engine and an electric motor. Further, the ammonia fueled ship 1 may employ a multi-fuel engine that switches between and uses a plurality of fuels.

Although the engine room 9 is multi-layered with floors formed by a plurality of decks, it is generally configured as one space that communicates with the entire engine room. The engine room 9 contains an ammonia-fueled engine 4 for propulsion that rotates the propeller, a generator 5 for inboard power supply, equipment such as inboard auxiliary equipment (not shown) such as pumps necessary for these operations, and necessary wiring.・Piping etc. will be installed.

In the construction of the ammonia fueled ship 1, since ammonia gas is highly toxic, it is important to prevent liquefied ammonia or ammonia gas from leaking and to suppress the diffusion of leaked ammonia gas to minimize the impact on human bodies and the environment. This has become an important issue.

The ammonia-fueled engine 4 and generator 5 that use ammonia as fuel burn ammonia, so although measures are taken to prevent liquefied ammonia or ammonia gas from leaking, they are devices with a high risk of leaking ammonia gas. There is no difference in the fact that it is.

In addition, when the entire engine room 9 forms one space that communicates with other ships like in a conventional ship, if ammonia gas leaks from any equipment in the engine room 9, it will affect the operation of other equipment. It is possible to give

Therefore, in the ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the present embodiment, the engine room 9 is divided into a plurality of regions based on the risk of ammonia gas leakage. The engine room 9 is divided into a first area 91 including the generator 5 and a second area 92 including the ammonia fuel engine 4, as shown in FIGS. 2(A) and 2(B), for example. Ru.

The ammonia fuel engine 4 and the generator 5 are internal combustion engines, and it is thought that the risk of ammonia gas leakage differs depending on the number of strokes. In this embodiment, it is planned to employ a two-stroke engine as the ammonia fuel engine 4, which is the internal combustion engine for propulsion, and to employ a four-stroke engine as the generator 5, which is the internal combustion engine for inboard power supply. Therefore, in this embodiment, the generator 5 is set as a device with a higher risk of ammonia gas leakage than the ammonia fuel engine 4.

Therefore, in this embodiment, the first region 91, which is the space containing the generator 5, is set as a region with a relatively high risk of leakage, and the second region 92, which is the space containing the ammonia fuel engine 4, is set as a region with a relatively high risk of leakage. The area is set as a low-risk area and is partitioned so that the atmospheric gases containing ammonia gas in the first area 91 and the second area 92 do not mix. Note that the criteria for setting the ammonia gas leakage risk is not limited to the number of strokes of the internal combustion engine.

Further, the first region 91 and the second region 92 are each provided with independent ventilation means. The ventilation means for the first region 91 includes, for example, an air supply port 91a that supplies air into the first region 91, and an exhaust port 91b that discharges the air within the first region 91 to the outside.

The air supply port 91a and the exhaust port 91b are arranged as far apart as possible (for example, on opposite sides) so that the fresh air to be supplied is not mixed with exhaust gas. For example, as shown in FIG. 2(A), the air supply port 91a is arranged on the bow side, and the exhaust port 91b is arranged on the stern side.

Furthermore, since ammonia gas is lighter than air, ammonia gas tends to rise in an air atmosphere. Therefore, in order to suppress suction of the exhausted ammonia gas, the exhaust port 91b is arranged at a higher position than the air supply port 91a. An air supply duct 91c may be connected to the air supply port 91a to guide air close to the generator 5.

Further, in order to control the amount of air supplied, a ventilation fan 91d may be arranged in the air supply duct 91c, as in the modification shown in FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B). The ventilator 91d is, for example, a variable capacity ventilator. The amount of air supplied can be controlled based on, for example, changes in the output of the generator 5 (amount of air consumed), the internal pressure of the first region 91, the amount of leakage of ammonia gas, and the like.

Note that the configurations of the air supply port 91a and the air supply duct 91c are changed as appropriate depending on conditions such as the width of the first region 91. For example, there may be a plurality of air supply ports 91a and a plurality of air supply ducts 91c, the air supply duct 91c may be configured to branch into a plurality of air supply ports 91a, and the air supply duct 91c may have a plurality of outlet sides. The structure may be branched into two. Further, the number and installation locations of the ventilation fans 91d are not limited to the illustrated configuration.

Alternatively, an exhaust duct 91e may be connected to the exhaust port 91b, and the suction port of the exhaust port 91b may be arranged near the generator 5. By arranging the suction port of the exhaust port 91b near the generator 5, the ammonia gas leaked from the generator 5 can be collected into the exhaust duct 91e at an early stage, and the diffusion of the leaked ammonia gas can be suppressed. Can be done.

Furthermore, in order to control the exhaust amount of atmospheric gas, a ventilator 91f may be arranged in the exhaust duct 91e, as in the modification shown in FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B). The ventilator 91f is, for example, a variable capacity ventilator. The exhaust amount of the atmospheric gas can be controlled based on changes in, for example, the output of the generator 5 (amount of air consumed), the internal pressure of the first region 91, the leakage amount of ammonia gas, and the like.

Note that the configurations of the exhaust port 91b and the exhaust duct 91e are changed as appropriate depending on conditions such as the width of the first region 91. For example, the exhaust port 91b and the exhaust duct 91e may be plural, the exhaust duct 91e may be configured to branch into a plurality of exhaust ports 91b, or the inlet side of the exhaust duct 91e may be configured to branch into a plurality. There may be. Further, the number and installation locations of the ventilation fans 91f are not limited to the illustrated configuration.

The ventilation means for the second region 92 includes, for example, an air supply port 92a that supplies air into the second region 92, and an exhaust port 92b that discharges the air within the second region 92 to the outside.

The air supply port 92a and the exhaust port 92b are arranged as far apart as possible (for example, on opposite sides) so that the fresh air to be supplied is not mixed with exhaust gas. For example, as shown in FIG. 2(B), the air supply port 92a is arranged on the port side (left side in the figure), and the exhaust port 92b is arranged on the starboard side (right side in the figure).

Further, in order to suppress suction of the exhausted ammonia gas, the exhaust port 92b is arranged at a higher position than the air supply port 92a. An air supply duct 92c may be connected to the air supply port 92a to guide air close to the ammonia fuel engine 4. The air supply duct 92c may be arranged to penetrate the first region 91. The penetrating portion of the air supply duct 92c is hermetically sealed to the extent that leakage of ammonia gas can be suppressed.

Furthermore, in order to control the amount of air supplied, a ventilation fan 92d may be arranged in the air supply duct 92c, as in the modification shown in FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B). The ventilator 92d is, for example, a variable capacity ventilator. The amount of air supplied can be controlled based on, for example, changes in the output (amount of air consumed) of the ammonia fuel engine 4, the internal pressure of the second region 92, the amount of leakage of ammonia gas, and the like.

Note that the configurations of the air supply port 92a and the air supply duct 92c are changed as appropriate depending on conditions such as the width of the second region 92. For example, there may be a plurality of air supply ports 92a and a plurality of air supply ducts 92c, the air supply duct 92c may be configured to branch into a plurality of air supply ports 92a, and the air supply duct 92c may have a plurality of outlet sides. The structure may be branched into two. Furthermore, the number and installation locations of the ventilators 92d are not limited to the illustrated configuration.

Alternatively, an exhaust duct 92e may be connected to the exhaust port 92b, and the suction port of the exhaust port 92b may be arranged near the ammonia fuel engine 4. By arranging the suction port of the exhaust port 92b near the ammonia fuel engine 4, ammonia gas leaking from the ammonia fuel engine 4 can be collected into the exhaust duct 92e at an early stage, and diffusion of leaked ammonia gas can be suppressed. can do.

Further, in order to control the exhaust amount of atmospheric gas, a ventilator 92f may be arranged in the exhaust duct 92e as in the modification shown in FIGS. 3(A) and 3(B). The ventilator 92f is, for example, a variable capacity ventilator. The displacement amount of the atmospheric gas can be controlled based on, for example, changes in the output (amount of air consumption) of the ammonia fuel engine 4, the internal pressure of the second region 92, the amount of leakage of ammonia gas, and the like.

Note that the configurations of the exhaust port 92b and the exhaust duct 92e are changed as appropriate depending on conditions such as the width of the second region 92. For example, the exhaust port 92b and the exhaust duct 92e may be plural, the exhaust duct 92e may be configured to branch into a plurality of exhaust ports 92b, or the inlet side of the exhaust duct 92e may be configured to branch into a plurality. There may be. Further, the number and installation locations of the ventilation fans 92f are not limited to the illustrated configuration.

Furthermore, since the first region 91 is a region where the risk of ammonia gas leakage is relatively high, the internal pressure is set to be lower than that of the second region 92 where the risk of ammonia gas leakage is relatively low. The internal pressures of the first region 91 and the second region 92 can be controlled, for example, by the air volume of the ventilators 91d, 91f, 92d, and 92f.

The first region 91 and the second region 92 are partitioned by a partitioning means 95 that inhibits movement of ammonia gas. The partitioning means 95 may be made of any material and structure as long as it can prevent leakage of ammonia gas. The partition means 95 is made of, for example, any one or a combination of a steel plate, a metal plate, a synthetic resin plate, a synthetic resin film, an air curtain, and the like. Furthermore, the material and structure of the partitioning means 95 may be different depending on the situation of the partitioned area (floor, ceiling, passage wall, back of the device, etc.).

The partitioning means 95 is configured to completely partition the first region 91 and the second region 92, for example, as illustrated. Furthermore, the partition means 95 may be configured to allow water to pass through the first region 91 and the second region 92 in order to alleviate the tilting of the hull due to the inflow of seawater or the like in an emergency such as when seawater inflows. Although not shown, the partition means 95 may be constructed so that the whole or a part thereof can be broken, destroyed, or opened by water pressure, manual operation, or the like in an emergency.

Furthermore, since ammonia gas is lighter than air, ammonia gas tends to rise in an air atmosphere. Therefore, the partitioning means 95 may be configured to partition only the space above the first region 91 and the second region 92. According to this configuration, since there is a gap in the space below the first area 91 and the second area 92, this gap can be used to move people or to allow water to flow in an emergency.

According to the ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the present embodiment described above, the engine room 9 in which the ammonia fuel engine 4 is installed is divided into a plurality of regions (for example, the first region 91 and the second region 92) based on the risk of ammonia gas leakage. By dividing the engine room 9 into two, even if ammonia gas leaks at a specific location in the engine room 9, the diffusion of ammonia gas can be suppressed.

Next, an ammonia fueled ship 1 according to another embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 4(A) and 4(B). Here, FIG. 4 is a sectional view in the ship width direction showing an engine room of an ammonia fueled ship according to another embodiment of the present invention, in which (A) is a second embodiment and (B) is a third embodiment. , is shown. Note that the same components as those in the first embodiment described above are given the same reference numerals and redundant explanations will be omitted.

The ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 4(A) has a third region 93 in the engine room 9 through which ammonia fuel does not pass, and the engine room 9 is divided into three regions. . In the third area 93, inboard auxiliary equipment and the like that are necessary for operating the ammonia fuel engine 4 and the generator 5 (for example, a pump, etc.) and do not allow ammonia fuel to pass through are arranged.

In this way, by dividing the third area 93 through which ammonia fuel does not pass, it is possible to create an area in the engine room 9 where there is no risk of ammonia gas leakage, and also in the ammonia fueled ship 1, it is possible to create an area that is safe from the residential area. This makes it possible to come and go. Although not shown, an independent ventilation means may be installed in the third region 93.

The ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the third embodiment shown in FIG. 4(B) divides the engine room 9 into a first area 91 where the leakage risk is high and a second area where the leakage risk is medium based on the leakage risk of ammonia gas. It is divided into four regions: a region 92, a fourth region 94 with a low risk of leakage, and a third region 93 with no risk of leakage.

In FIG. 4(B), for convenience of explanation, only the exhaust port 94b and the exhaust duct 94e are shown in dotted lines as ventilation means, and the illustration of the air supply port and the air supply duct is omitted. Further, the ventilation means may include a ventilation fan.

In the fourth region 94, for example, equipment with a relatively lower risk of leaking ammonia gas than the ammonia fuel engine 4 is arranged. In the fourth region 94, for example, an emergency power source, a small generator, etc. that use ammonia fuel may be arranged, or equipment, piping, etc. that allow ammonia fuel to pass therethrough may be arranged.

In the ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the first to third embodiments described above, the exhaust ports (for example, exhaust ports 91b, 92b, 94b) of each region are connected to all the air supply ports (for example, , air supply ports 91a, 92a).

Further, in the ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the first to third embodiments described above, when wiring or piping is passed through between a plurality of divided areas, the penetration part prevents leakage of ammonia gas. sealed as airtight as possible.

Although not shown in the drawings, the ammonia fueled ship 1 according to the first to third embodiments described above has ventilation means arranged in each divided area, as well as ventilation means in the engine room 9 in case of an emergency such as an accident. Emergency ventilation means may be provided to completely replace the entire atmospheric gas.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the engine room 9 can be divided into a plurality of regions based on the risk of ammonia gas leakage, and the diffusion of ammonia gas can be suppressed. Here, the degree of ammonia gas leakage risk can be classified into four categories, for example, large, medium, small, and none, depending on the equipment configuration. Note that the degree of ammonia gas leakage risk is not limited to these four categories.

Equipment with a high risk of leaking ammonia gas includes liquefied ammonia generators (generator 5), auxiliary equipment for ammonia generators (mist separators, exhaust gas treatment equipment, etc.), ammonia removal equipment, ammonia gas incinerators, etc. Also includes equipment into which ammonia gas directly enters.

Equipment with a medium risk of leaking ammonia gas includes, for example, the ammonia fuel engine 4 and its related equipment. Note that, depending on the case, devices with a high risk of ammonia gas leakage and devices with a medium risk of ammonia gas leakage may be classified together.

Equipment with a low risk of leaking ammonia gas includes, for example, ammonia-related equipment that temporarily uses ammonia as fuel, and equipment such as piping and ducts that simply allow liquefied ammonia or ammonia gas to pass through. In some cases, devices with a medium risk of leaking ammonia gas and devices with a low risk of leaking ammonia gas may be classified together.

Equipment with no risk of leaking ammonia gas includes, for example, equipment that is unlikely to be contaminated with liquefied ammonia or ammonia gas, such as seawater pumps, coolers, work rooms (machine tools, welding machines, etc.), and switchboards. In some cases, devices with no risk of leaking ammonia gas and devices with a low risk of leaking ammonia gas may be classified together.

It goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

1 Ammonia fuel ship 2 Ammonia fuel tank 3 Reliquefaction device 4 Ammonia fuel engine 5 Generator 6 Fuel supply equipment 7 Bunker station 8 Accommodation area 9 Engine room 10 Upper deck 11 Chimney 91 First area 91a Air supply port 91b Exhaust port 91c Supply Air ducts 91d, 91f Ventilator 91e Exhaust duct 92 Second area 92a Air supply port 92b Exhaust port 92c Air supply duct 92d, 92f Ventilator 92e Exhaust duct 93 Third area 94 Fourth area 94b Exhaust port 94e Exhaust duct 95 Partition means

Claims (10)

In an ammonia-fueled ship equipped with an engine room where an engine that uses ammonia as fuel is installed,
The engine room includes a plurality of areas divided based on the risk of ammonia gas leakage.
An ammonia fueled ship characterized by: The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of regions are partitioned by partition means that inhibits movement of the ammonia gas. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 2, wherein the partitioning means is configured to completely partition the plurality of regions, or to partition only the upper space of the plurality of regions. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 2, wherein the partition means is configured to allow water to pass through the plurality of areas in an emergency. The ammonia-fueled ship according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of regions include a first region including a generator that uses the ammonia as fuel, and a second region including the engine. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 5, wherein the plurality of regions include a third region through which ammonia fuel does not pass. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 1, wherein the area where the risk of leakage is relatively high is set to have a lower internal pressure than the area where the risk of leakage is relatively low. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 1, wherein each of the plurality of regions is provided with independent ventilation means. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 8, wherein the ventilation means has an exhaust port located at a higher position than an air supply port. The ammonia fueled ship according to claim 8, wherein the ventilation means includes a ventilation fan.