JP2023161803A - Vegetation mat and slope greening method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a vegetation mat capable of suppressing drying damage to vegetation and making it possible to green the ground or slope more quickly and efficiently.SOLUTION: A vegetation mat 10 installed on the ground to be greened includes a water-permeable vegetation sheet 11 that extends horizontally and vertically in a plane and is laid on the ground, and one or more water retaining sheets 15 having water-blocking properties attached to the vegetation sheet 11. The water retaining sheet 15 has a connecting portion 16 that is connected to the vegetation sheet 11, and a movable portion 17 that is deformable so that the connecting portion 16 is a fixed end and a free end is raised. The movable portion 17 is configured such that the free end of the water retaining sheet 15 is lifted by the vegetation P that has sprouted or grown on the vegetation sheet 11.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a vegetation mat and a slope greening method for greening the ground such as a slope.

When constructing various slopes and newly developed areas, greening is actively carried out to beautify the slopes and prevent soil from being washed away. Traditionally, vegetation mats that hold greening materials (or vegetation base materials) such as soil, seeds, fertilizers, and water retention materials are fixed to the soil using pins or anchors, thereby protecting slopes as well as afforestation. There is.

For example, Patent Document 1 shows a vegetation mat that is laid on the surface of soil to be greened with natural vegetation. Hereinafter, in the relevant paragraph, the code of Patent Document 1 is shown in parentheses. The vegetation mat (100) has a first storage section (102) containing locally generated soil (106) containing buried seeds (111) corresponding to the natural environment of the soil (P) to be greened, and a first storage section. (102) and a second storage section (103) that stores artificial soil (107) at a different position. The first and second storage parts (102, 103) are composed of a mesh-like elongated cylinder extending in the longitudinal direction, and hold a vegetation bag (108) containing locally generated soil (106) or artificial soil (107). configured to be possible. The vegetation mat (100) is installed on the soil (P) to beautify the slope and prevent soil from washing away.

Patent Document 2 shows a vegetation mat used for greening work on slopes and the like. Hereinafter, in the relevant paragraph, the code of Patent Document 2 is shown in parentheses. The vegetation mat (M) consists of a bag body (F ), plant seeds (3), and vegetation substrate (4) are interposed. Alternatively, in Patent Document 2, the vegetation mat (M) is a cut portion of the vegetation mat (1) that is formed by attaching a net having a mesh that allows plant seeds to germinate and grow on the outer surface of the top sheet (1). In (8), between the top sheet (1) and the bottom sheet (2), a vegetable fiber material, a nonwoven fabric, a polymer absorbent material, a paper material with water absorbency, and a paper material with appropriate water resistance are laminated. It has been shown that this may be the case. That is, the vegetation mat (M) has improved water retention by containing a water retention material such as a polymer absorber.

Patent No. 5981062 Patent No. 2649030

A conventional vegetation mat such as that disclosed in Patent Document 1 promotes greening of slopes including slopes by storing vegetation bags in a housing section. However, since the vegetation mat itself does not have water-retaining properties, the growth of the vegetation may be insufficient due to lack of moisture, especially in dry environments with little rainfall. On the other hand, as in the vegetation mat of Patent Document 2, it is also practiced to provide a vegetation mat with a water retaining material such as a polymer absorber. However, when a water retaining material is added to a vegetation mat, the vegetation mat becomes bulky and heavy, which poses a problem in that its transportability and workability are significantly impaired. Furthermore, while the use of water-retaining materials using water-absorbing materials can exert a water-retaining effect to some extent after rainfall, in dry environments with infrequent rainfall, the water-retaining materials themselves can absorb moisture from vegetation and soil. There was also the problem that by absorbing it and acting to promote drying of the vegetation environment, it actually inhibited the growth of vegetation. In order to address these problems, the inventors have made it possible to green the ground or slope more quickly and efficiently while suppressing the damage caused by dryness to vegetation without using water-absorbing materials made of polymeric absorbers. The problem to be solved was to

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and its purpose is to provide a vegetation mat and a method for greening a slope that allow for earlier and more efficient introduction of vegetation.

A vegetation mat of one form of the present invention is a vegetation mat installed on the ground to be greened,
A water-permeable vegetation sheet that extends horizontally and vertically and is laid on the ground;
one or more water-retaining sheets having water-blocking properties, which are attached to the vegetation sheet;
The water retaining sheet has a connecting part connected to the vegetation sheet, and a movable part that is deformable so that the connecting part is a fixed end and a free end is raised,
The movable part is characterized in that the free end of the water retaining sheet is lifted up by the vegetation that has sprouted or grown on the vegetation sheet.

According to the vegetation mat of one embodiment of the present invention, when the vegetation germinates or grows from the vegetation sheet while the water retention sheet is connected to the vegetation sheet, the water retention sheet is lifted off the ground by the vegetation. The water retaining sheet is in close proximity to or in contact with the sprouted or grown vegetation, and extends to cover the vegetation from above and/or from the sides. Since the water-retaining sheet has water-blocking properties, the water-retaining sheet promotes the formation of dew from the water vapor evaporated from the vegetation, and the dew adheres to the surface of the water-retaining sheet as water droplets. The water droplets adhering to the surface of the water-retaining sheet increase the humidity in the area around the water-retaining sheet, and the formation of dew on the surface of plants spreads in a chain manner at least in the area around the water-retaining sheet. Thereby, the vegetation mat can continuously supply moisture to the vegetation and effectively suppress damage caused by dryness to the vegetation. Therefore, the vegetation mat of the present invention makes it possible to green the ground more quickly and efficiently.

A vegetation mat according to a further aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the vegetation mat of the above aspect, the vegetation sheet includes a reticulated sheet.

In a vegetation mat according to a further aspect of the present invention, in the vegetation mat of the above aspect, the vegetation sheet and the water retaining sheet are bonded together using a water-soluble adhesive, and the vegetation sheet is bonded to the vegetation sheet through a fixing member that penetrates the connecting portion. It is characterized by being partially fixed to the ground.

A vegetation mat according to a further embodiment of the present invention is characterized in that, in the vegetation mat of the above embodiment, the water retaining sheet has a rectangular shape extending along the lateral direction of the vegetation mat.

A vegetation mat according to a further aspect of the present invention is such that, in the vegetation mat of the above aspect, the weight per area of the water retention sheet is less ^than 60 g/m2, and the distance from the fixed end to the free end of the water retention sheet is 10 g/m2. It is characterized by being ~100 mm.

A further aspect of the present invention is a vegetation mat according to the above aspect, characterized in that the water retaining sheet is made of a foamed resin film having water-blocking and heat-insulating properties.

A further aspect of the present invention is a vegetation mat according to the above aspect, in which the vegetation sheet holds a greening material containing at least one of seed material, fertilizer material, soil improvement material, and soil. It is characterized by

A method of one form of the present invention is a method of greening a slope, comprising:
a step of preparing a vegetation mat of the above form;
Laying the vegetation sheet on a slope so that the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet is along the slope direction of the slope;
The connection of each of the water-retaining sheets is such that the longitudinal direction of each of the water-retaining sheets extends along the lateral direction of the vegetation sheet, and the free end of each of the water-retaining sheets is arranged to face the slope direction of the slope. connecting a part to the vegetation sheet;
It is characterized by including.

The vegetation mat, vegetation mat, and slope greening method of the present invention suppress the damage caused by drying of vegetation, and can quickly and efficiently clean the ground or slope without using a water-absorbing material made of a polymer absorber. Enables greening.

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vegetation mat according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vegetation mat in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the form of a vegetation mat according to an embodiment of the present invention immediately after being installed on a slope. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the morphology of the vegetation mat according to an embodiment of the present invention during the germination period after being installed on a slope. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the form of the vegetation mat in the first stage of growth after installation on a slope according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the form of the vegetation mat in the latter stage of growth after installation on a slope according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the vegetation mats of (a) Comparative Example 1, (b) Comparative Example 2, and (c) Comparative Example 3 related to the verification test of the vegetation mat of the present invention. 1 is a photograph of the vegetation mat of the present invention immediately after installation in a demonstration test, showing Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. 1 is a photograph of the state of the vegetation mat of the present invention after 10 days in a demonstration test, showing Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. 1 is a photograph of the state of the vegetation mat of the present invention after 3 weeks in a demonstration test, showing Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. 1 is a photograph of the state of the vegetation mat of the present invention after 6 weeks in a demonstration test, showing Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. The schematic perspective view which shows the vegetation mat of another embodiment (2nd embodiment) of this invention. FIG. 13 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the vegetation mat of FIG. 12, (a) showing the form immediately after being installed on a slope, and (b) showing the form after time. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a vegetation mat according to another embodiment (third embodiment) of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a vegetation mat according to a modification of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a vegetation mat according to a modification of the present invention.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Note that the shapes in the figures referred to in the following description are conceptual diagrams or schematic diagrams for explaining preferred shapes and dimensions, and the dimensional ratios etc. do not necessarily match the actual dimensional ratios. That is, the present invention is not limited to the dimensional ratios in the drawings.

The vegetation mat 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention is installed on the ground such as a slope, thereby making it possible to promote greening of the slope with vegetation. In this specification, when the vegetation mat 10 is laid on a slope, the direction along the slope direction is defined as the "vertical" direction, and the direction along the contour line direction of the slope is defined as the "horizontal" direction. .

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a vegetation mat 10 of this embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the vegetation mat 10. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vegetation mat 10 includes a water-permeable vegetation sheet 11 that extends horizontally and vertically and is laid on the ground, and a plurality of water-blocking vegetation sheets that are attached to the vegetation sheet 11. A water retaining sheet 15 is provided.

The vegetation sheet 11 has sufficient flexibility and flexibility so that it can be wound into a roll. The vegetation sheet 11 includes a net-like sheet 12 extending horizontally and vertically in a plane, and a seeded sheet 13 on which seeds of vegetation are sown. The reticulated sheet 12 is attached to the surface of the seeded sheet 13 using any bonding means such as adhesive. The mesh sheet 12 is formed by weaving warp threads and weft threads substantially orthogonally, and the warp threads and weft threads may be formed from fibers of synthetic resin material or natural material. This net-like sheet 12 can exhibit the effect of protecting the slope by suppressing the outflow of earth and sand on the slope. The mesh pattern and mesh size of the mesh sheet 12 can be arbitrarily selected. Further, the seed-bearing sheet 13 is composed of a sheet body extending in a planar manner and having a plurality of seeds attached thereto. The seeded sheet 13 is held on the vegetation mat 10 as a type of greening material. The seeded sheet 13 may be formed from paper, woven fabric or non-woven fabric. This seeded sheet 13 may have water-disintegrability or water-solubility that disappears due to rainfall.

The plurality of water retaining sheets 15 extend along the lateral direction of the vegetation sheet 11 and are attached to the surface of the vegetation sheet 11 at predetermined intervals in the vertical direction. The distance between the plurality of water retaining sheets 15 in the vertical direction is preferably 100 mm to 1000 mm, more preferably 200 mm to 600 mm.

Unlike the water-permeable vegetation sheet 11, the water-retaining sheet 15 is made of a water-blocking material that does not allow moisture to pass through. The water retaining sheet 15 is a relatively thin flexible sheet, and has a rectangular shape extending along the entire lateral direction of the vegetation sheet 11 . Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the water retaining sheet 15 includes a connecting portion 16 connected to the vegetation sheet 11, and a movable portion 17 that is deformable so that the connecting portion 16 is a fixed end and a free end is raised.

In this embodiment, the connecting portion 16 is formed approximately at the center of the water retaining sheet 15 in the width direction (vertical direction). The connecting portion 16 is formed in a linear region extending in the longitudinal direction, and is connected to the vegetation sheet 11 by an arbitrary connecting means. For example, the connecting means may be selected from any means such as water-soluble adhesive, water-insoluble adhesive, sewing, heat welding, ultrasonic welding, tape material, pin (fixing member), anchor (fixing member), and the like. Further, the mode of connection may be dotted, lined, or imposed.

In this embodiment, the movable portion 17 is formed on both sides of the connecting portion 16 in the width direction. Here, the connecting part 16 becomes a fixed end, and both widthwise edges of the water retaining sheet 15 become free ends, so that the movable part 17 can be flexibly deformed so that the free ends are rolled up. . The movable portion 17 is configured such that the free end of the water retaining sheet 15 is lifted and deformed by the vegetation that has sprouted on the vegetation sheet 11. That is, the dimensions and shape (thickness and movable width) and material of the water-retaining sheet 15 were determined so that the movable portion 17 of the water-retaining sheet 15 would be warped and deformed even by a weak force caused by the germination of vegetation. More specifically, it is preferable that the weight per area of the water retaining sheet 15 is less than 60 g/m ² . Although it depends on the type of vegetation, if the weight per area of the water retention sheet 15 is less than 60 g/m ² , it is assumed that the water retention sheet 15 will be lifted by the vegetation that germinates or grows. Further, it is preferable that the distance (movable width) from the fixed end to the free end of the water retaining sheet 15 is 10 to 100 mm.

Further, in this embodiment, the material of the water retaining sheet 15 is selected from foamed resin sheets having flexibility, water-blocking properties, and heat-insulating properties. Since the foamed resin sheet has fine irregularities on its surface, it can secure a larger surface area than a sheet without irregularities. By increasing the surface area of the water-retaining sheet 15, it is possible to effectively increase the amount of dew that is collected by the water-retaining sheet 15, which will be described later. In this embodiment, a foamed polyethylene sheet was selected as the foamed resin sheet constituting the water retaining sheet 15, but other resin materials may be selected.

Next, the installation structure in which the vegetation mat 10 of this embodiment is installed on the slope G and its change over time will be described. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the form of the vegetation mat 10 immediately after the slope G is installed. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the morphology of the vegetation mat 10 in the germination period after installation on the slope G. FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the form of the vegetation mat 10 in the first stage of growth after installation on the slope G. FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the form of the vegetation mat 10 in the latter stage of growth after installation on the slope G.

In the installation structure of the vegetation mat 10, one or more vegetation mats 10 are laid on the slope G and fixed to the soil surface using a plurality of fixing members 18. Here, the water retaining sheet 15 extending in the lateral direction of the vegetation mat 10 is arranged along a direction (contour line) orthogonal to the inclination direction of the slope G. Further, the plurality of water retaining sheets 15 are arranged at approximately equal intervals in the direction of inclination of the slope G. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a fixing member 18 as a pin is driven into the slope G so as to penetrate the vegetation mat 10. Moreover, the fixing member 18 is arranged so as to penetrate through the connecting portion 16 of the water retaining sheet 15. Thereby, the connection of the water retaining sheet 15 to the vegetation sheet 11 and/or the slope G can be effectively reinforced.

In the installation structure shown in FIG. 3 immediately after the vegetation mat 10 is installed, the water retaining sheet 15 extends in a planar manner, and the movable part 17 contacts the surface of the vegetation sheet 11, thereby covering the vegetation sheet 11 and the soil surface from above. . That is, by covering the vegetation sheet 11 and the soil surface with the water-blocking water-retaining sheet 15, it functions to suppress the moisture stored in the soil due to rainfall etc. from evaporating from the soil surface of the slope G.

In the installation structure of the vegetation mat 10 shown in FIG. 4, the vegetation P has germinated from the seeds of the seeded sheet 13 of the vegetation sheet 11 after several rainfalls. In this germination period, since a relatively large amount of water is stored under the water retaining sheet 15, the vegetation P is likely to germinate. Then, the movable portion 17 of the water-retaining sheet 15 is lifted upward by the vegetation P that has sprouted from the surface of the vegetation sheet 11 on the lower side of the water-retaining sheet 15. That is, in the installation structure during the germination period, the water retaining sheet 15 is lifted from the surface of the vegetation sheet 11. The water retaining sheet 15 covers the vegetation sheet 11 from above at a close position while ensuring the ventilation and sunlight necessary for the growth of the sprouted vegetation P, thereby suppressing evaporation of water from the soil surface of the slope G. be able to. Moreover, since the water-retaining sheet 15 faces, contacts, or is close to the vegetation P, moisture evaporated from the soil surface or the vegetation P adheres to the water-retention sheet 15 as dew D. In other words, the water retaining sheet 15 can retain moisture evaporated from the vegetation P as water droplets on its surface. Thereby, water shortage in the growing environment can be suppressed and the growth of the vegetation P near the water retaining sheet 15 can be promoted.

In the installation structure of the vegetation mat 10 shown in FIG. 5, the vegetation P is in the early growth stage after the germination stage. As shown in FIG. 5, at this stage, the vegetation P has grown relatively large, and accordingly, the movable portion 17 of the water retaining sheet 15 has deformed so as to warp upward. At this time, since the water retaining sheet 15 is in contact with or in close contact with the vegetation P, facing the vegetation P from the side, the water evaporated from the soil surface and the vegetation P is exposed to the water retention sheet 15 at this stage as well. It attaches as D. The dew D adheres not only to the surface of the water-retaining sheet 15 but also to the surface of the vegetation P adjacent to the water-retaining sheet 15.

In the installation structure of the vegetation mat 10 shown in FIG. 6, the vegetation P is in the late growth stage where it has further grown from the early growth stage. At the stage shown in FIG. 6, the vegetation P has grown thick, and accordingly, the water retaining sheet 15 is hidden in the bushes of the vegetation P, and the movable part 17 is deformed so as to stand up substantially at right angles to the slope G. At this time, since the water-retaining sheet 15 is in contact with or in close contact with the vegetation P, facing the vegetation P from the side, the water-retention sheet 15 continuously absorbs water evaporated from the vegetation P onto the surface even if the vegetation P is thick. can be held. In addition to the surface of the water retaining sheet 15, the dew D adheres to the surface of the vegetation P in a wider area than in the installation structure shown in FIG. In other words, the dew D travels through the adjacent vegetation P and spreads throughout.

In this way, the vegetation mat 10 of the present embodiment allows the water-retaining sheet 15 to collect moisture evaporated from the vegetation P as dew and to continuously replenish the vegetation P with moisture. The water droplets retained on the surface of the water-retaining sheet 15 result in an increase in the humidity in the peripheral area of the water-retaining sheet 15, and the formation of dew spreads to the surface of the vegetation P in a chain reaction. Therefore, even in an environment where rainfall is infrequent, the vegetation mat 10 can effectively prevent dryness damage to the vegetation P by promoting the production of dew to reuse the moisture transpired from the vegetation P. It is possible to suppress this and achieve early vegetation growth.

Next, a method of greening the slope G using the vegetation mat 10 will be explained. First, one or more vegetation mats 10 having a predetermined size are prepared according to the area of the slope G to be greened. The vegetation sheet 11 of the vegetation mat 10 is laid on the slope G so that the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet 11 is along the slope direction of the slope G. The connecting portion 16 of each water-retaining sheet 15 is arranged so that the longitudinal direction of each water-retaining sheet 15 extends along the lateral direction of the vegetation sheet 11, and the free end thereof faces the direction of inclination of the slope G. is connected to the vegetation sheet 11. Note that the plurality of water retaining sheets 15 may be attached to the vegetation sheet 11 in advance before being laid down, or may be attached to the vegetation sheet 11 after the vegetation sheet 11 is laid down. Next, a plurality of fixing members 18 are placed on the slope G by penetrating the vegetation mat 10. It is preferable that some of the fixing members 18 are driven so as to penetrate through the connecting portions 16 of the water retaining sheet 15. Through the above steps, the vegetation mat 10 can be installed on the slope G to promote protection and greening of the slope G.

The inventors conducted a demonstration test to confirm the effects of the above-mentioned vegetation mat of the present invention. In the demonstration test, soil was formed on a tray set at an angle of about 45 degrees to simulate an environment similar to a slope, and various types of vegetation mats were placed on the soil surface. This was done by observing changes. This demonstration test was conducted outdoors in a climate suitable for plant growth from early September to early October, on a completely closed site where access from outsiders was prohibited.

The vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 were prepared to have a similar form to the vegetation mats shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. Specifically, a reticulated sheet was pasted onto the surface of the seeded sheet to form a vegetation sheet, and a water retaining sheet was attached to the surface of the reticulated sheet. The water retaining sheet was formed from a foamed polyethylene sheet having a predetermined thickness, and the connecting portion was fixed at the center in the width direction to the vegetation sheet and the soil using pins. Further, the width of the water retaining sheet in the vertical direction was 50 mm. In the vegetation mat of Example 1, the thickness of the water retaining sheet was 0.5 mm (weight per area: 21 g/m ² ), and the width from the fixed end to the free end was 20 mm. On the other hand, in the vegetation mat of Example 2, the thickness of the water retaining sheet was 1.0 mm (weight per area: 26 g/m ² ), and the width from the fixed end to the free end was 20 mm.

FIGS. 7(a) to (c) schematically show the forms of the vegetation bags of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in the demonstration test. The vegetation sheet of the comparative example was the same as that of the example. The vegetation mat of Comparative Example 1 shown in FIG. 7(a) was composed of only a vegetation sheet. The vegetation mat of Comparative Example 2 shown in FIG. 7(b) has a vegetation bag made of a water-permeable nonwoven fabric arranged on the surface of a vegetation sheet. The vegetation bag has a width of 50 mm and is filled with soil improvement material. The vegetation mat of Comparative Example 3 shown in FIG. 7(c) is equipped with a water retention sheet having the same shape and dimensions as the water retention sheet of the vegetation mat of Example 2, but both ends of the water retention sheet in the width direction are It is fixed to the vegetation sheet by. In other words, the water retaining sheet of Comparative Example 3 was not provided with a movable part. In addition, 11 in FIG. 7 shows a vegetation sheet, 12 shows a net-like sheet, 13 shows a sheet with seeds, 15 shows a water retention sheet, 16 shows a connection part, and 18 shows a fixing member 19 indicates a vegetation bag.

FIG. 8 shows photographs of the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 immediately after installation. As an evaluation method, the germination state of seeds from the seeded sheet and the growth state of the vegetation plants were photographed and observed 10 days, 3 weeks, and 6 weeks after the vegetation mat was placed in the state immediately after installation as shown in Figure 8. , each Example and Comparative Example were visually compared. In addition, for the samples after 3 weeks and 6 weeks, the greening coverage was measured based on the percentage of vegetation on the surface of the vegetation sheet by visual observation, and the maximum height of the vegetation was also measured. did.

FIG. 9 shows photographs of the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 10 days after the vegetation mats were installed as the test results of the verification test. As shown in FIG. 9, after 10 days, germination was confirmed from the seeded sheets of each vegetation mat. The vegetation mat of Comparative Example 1 has the lowest degree of germination, followed by the vegetation mat of Comparative Example 2. On the other hand, in the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 3, a relatively high degree of germination of the vegetation was observed compared to Comparative Examples 1 and 2. On the other hand, no significant difference was observed in the amount of germination between the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 3. That is, in the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example 3, at least the water retention sheet is attached to the surface of the vegetation sheet, so that the water and humidity of the soil in the area covered with the water retention sheet and the surrounding area is effectively reduced. It is thought that the germination of the seeds was promoted. Furthermore, in Examples 1 and 2, it was observed that the water retaining sheets were lifted up by germinated vegetation. Furthermore, in this sample, when the water-retaining sheet was turned over, numerous dew particles were observed on the surface of the water-retaining sheet. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the water-retaining sheet was in contact with the vegetation sheet, and no dew was observed on the surface of the water-retaining sheet.

FIG. 10 shows photographs of the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 three weeks after the vegetation mats were installed as the test results of the demonstration test. As shown in FIG. 10, in the samples after 3 weeks, a significant difference in the growth of vegetation was observed between the example and the comparative example. The observation results at this point are shown in Table 1 below.

As shown in FIG. 10 and Table 1, the vegetation mat of Example 1 shows a green coverage of 30 to 40%, and the vegetation mat of Example 2 shows a green coverage of 40 to 50%. In other words, the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 show advantageous results in terms of green coverage compared to the vegetation mats of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Furthermore, in Examples 1 and 2, it was observed that the water-retaining sheets were deformed so as to warp upward as the vegetation grew. Furthermore, in this sample, numerous amounts of dew were observed to be attached to the surface of the water-retaining sheet, and numerous amounts of dew were also observed to be attached to the surfaces of the vegetation around the water-retaining sheet. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the water-retaining sheet was in contact with the vegetation sheet, and no dew was observed to adhere to the surface of the water-retention sheet or the vegetation.

FIG. 11 shows photographs of the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 6 weeks after the vegetation mats were installed as the test results of the demonstration test. As shown in FIG. 11, in the samples after 6 weeks, a more significant difference in the growth of vegetation was observed between the Example and the Comparative Example. The observation results at this point are shown in Table 2 below.

As shown in FIG. 11 and Table 2, the vegetation mat of Example 1 shows a green coverage of 60 to 70%, and the vegetation mat of Example 2 shows a green coverage of 70 to 80%. In other words, the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2 are significantly more advantageous than the vegetation mats of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in terms of green coverage. Furthermore, in Examples 1 and 2, it was observed that the water retaining sheets were deformed to stand up substantially at right angles to the slope as the vegetation grew thicker. Furthermore, in this sample, numerous amounts of dew were observed to be attached to the surface of the water-retaining sheet, and numerous amounts of dew were also observed to be attached to the surfaces of the vegetation around the water-retaining sheet. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 3, the water-retaining sheet was in contact with the vegetation sheet, and no dew was observed to adhere to the surface of the water-retention sheet or the vegetation.

Therefore, this test showed that the vegetation mats of Examples 1 and 2, in contrast to the vegetation mats of Comparative Examples 1 to 3, had water retaining sheets that continuously provided moisture to the vegetation plants from the germination period to the late growth period. It has been demonstrated that by acting as a replenisher, it is possible to suppress the damage caused by dryness to vegetation and to enable early introduction of vegetation.

Based on the above, the effects of the vegetation mat 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be explained.

According to the vegetation mat 10 of this embodiment, when the vegetation P germinates or grows from the vegetation sheet 11 while the water retention sheet 15 is connected to the vegetation sheet 11, the water retention sheet 15 is lifted off the ground by the vegetation P. be lifted up like that. The water retaining sheet 15 is close to or in contact with the sprouted or grown vegetation P, and extends to cover the vegetation P from above and/or from the sides. Since the water-retaining sheet 15 has water-blocking properties, the water-retaining sheet 15 promotes the formation of dew from the water vapor evaporated from the vegetation P, and the dew adheres to the surface of the water-retaining sheet 15 as water droplets. The water droplets adhering to the surface of the water-retaining sheet 15 increase the humidity in the surrounding area of the water-retaining sheet 15, and the formation of dew on the surface of the vegetation P spreads in a chain manner at least in the surrounding area of the water-retaining sheet. Thereby, the vegetation mat 10 can continuously supply moisture to the vegetation P and effectively suppress damage to the vegetation P from dryness. Therefore, the vegetation mat 10 of this embodiment makes it possible to green the slope G more quickly and efficiently.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but may take further embodiments and various modifications. Hereinafter, other embodiments and modified examples of the present invention will be described. In addition, in another embodiment and each modified example, components with common reference numerals have the same or similar features unless otherwise explained, and some explanations thereof will be omitted.

[Second embodiment]
12 and 13 show a vegetation mat 10A of the second embodiment. The vegetation mat 10A has additional features added to the vegetation mat 10 of the first embodiment, which has a basic configuration. As shown in FIG. 12, the vegetation sheet 11 (reticular sheet 12) includes a plurality of accommodating portions 14 for accommodating vegetation bags 19 extending laterally in a cylindrical shape. The vegetation mat 10A holds a vegetation bag 19 as a greening material in the storage part 14. In this embodiment, the mesh sheet 12 is made of a so-called double-woven net. The accommodating portion 14 is constituted by a net-like elongated cylinder extending in the longitudinal direction, and is configured to be able to hold a bag-like or cylindrical vegetation bag 19 containing a greening material therein. Greening materials are materials used for vegetation, including at least one of seed materials, fertilizer materials, soil improvement materials, and soil. The accommodating portion 14 is composed of a plurality of warp threads located in the longitudinal direction and a weft thread that connects the warp threads.The weft threads are divided into front and back parts, and each warp thread is alternately attached to each of these weft threads in the transverse direction. It is woven into a cylindrical shape. In other words, the accommodating portion 14 is formed into a bag shape in which two nets are stacked one on top of the other. The accommodating portion 14 extends from one end to the other end so that its longitudinal direction parallels the lateral direction of the vegetation sheet 11. One or both ends of the longitudinal direction of the housing section 14 are open, and the cylindrical vegetation bag 19 can be inserted through the opening.

As shown in FIG. 13(a), a water-blocking water-retaining sheet 15 is attached to the surface of each accommodating portion 14. Each water retaining sheet 15 covers the entire surface of each accommodating section 14 and extends across the entire width of each accommodating section 14 on both sides in the vertical direction. The connecting portions 16 of the water retaining sheet 15 were formed at two points near both ends of the storage portion 14 in the width direction, and the movable portions 17 were formed in two areas on both sides of the connecting portion 16 in the width direction. That is, each movable part 17 can be deformed such that its free ends on both sides in the width direction are lifted up, with the connecting part 16 as a fixed end. As shown in FIG. 13(b), the vegetation P preferentially germinates and grows from both sides of the vegetation bag 19 in the width direction. The vegetation mat 10A is configured such that each movable part 17 is lifted upward as the vegetation P grows. Similarly to the first embodiment, the water retaining sheet 15 can function to promote the formation of dew from the water vapor transpiring from the vegetation P. Therefore, the vegetation mat 10A of this embodiment makes it possible to exhibit both the water retention effect of the water retention sheet 15 and the greening effect of the vegetation bag 19.

[Third embodiment]
FIG. 14 shows a vegetation mat 10B of the third embodiment. The vegetation mat 10B has additional features added to the vegetation mat 10 of the first embodiment, which has a basic configuration. As shown in FIG. 14, the vegetation sheet 11 (reticular sheet 12) includes a plurality of accommodating portions 14 for accommodating vegetation bags 19 extending laterally in a cylindrical shape. The vegetation mat 10B holds a vegetation bag 19 as a greening material in the storage part 14. In this embodiment, the mesh sheet 12 is made of a so-called semi-open double woven net. The accommodating portion 14 is constituted by a net-like elongated cylinder extending in the longitudinal direction, and is configured to be able to hold a bag-like or cylindrical vegetation bag 19 containing a greening material therein. More specifically, the accommodating portion 14 is formed by combining a coarse portion 14a with a coarse mesh and a dense portion 14b with a fine mesh. When the vegetation mat 10 is viewed from above, the rough portion 14a is formed biased toward one end in the width direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the storage portion 14. The coarse portion 14a occupies approximately the upper half in the vertical direction in the plane of the vegetation mat 10, and the dense portion 14b occupies the remaining approximately lower half. As a result, as shown in FIG. 14(a), when the vegetation mat 10B is laid on a slope, the rough part 14a that occupies a part of the outer periphery of the accommodating part 14 is located above the slope, and the accommodating part 14 A dense portion 14b occupying the remainder of the outer circumference is located below the slope. Moreover, the vegetation bag 19 was formed from a water-disintegrable bag that disappears after several rainfalls. After the bag body of the vegetation bag 19 is water-disintegrated, the greening material is held by the dense portion 14b in the lower half of the storage portion 14, and the greening material is exposed from the coarse portion 14a. As shown in FIG. 14(b), the vegetation P can grow out through the rough part 14a of the housing part 14.

As shown in FIG. 14(a), a water-blocking water-retaining sheet 15 is attached to the surface of each accommodating portion 14. Each water retaining sheet 15 extends so as to cover a region between both ends of each accommodating portion 14 in the width direction. The connecting portion 16 of the water retaining sheet 15 was formed at a position adjacent to the coarse portion 14a on the dense portion 14b of the accommodating portion 14, and movable portions 17 were formed in two regions on both sides of the connecting portion 16 in the width direction. That is, each movable part 17 can be deformed such that its free ends on both sides in the width direction are lifted up, with the connecting part 16 as a fixed end. As shown in FIG. 14(b), in the case of the semi-open double woven net, the vegetation P germinates and grows preferentially from the rough part 14a of the storage part 14. The vegetation mat 10B is configured such that each movable part 17 is lifted upward as the vegetation P grows. Similarly to the first embodiment, the water retaining sheet 15 can function to promote the formation of dew from the water vapor transpiring from the vegetation P. Therefore, the vegetation mat 10B of this embodiment can similarly exhibit both the water retention effect of the water retention sheet 15 and the greening effect of the vegetation bag 19 even when a half-open double-woven net is used. shall be.

[Fourth embodiment]
The vegetation mat (not shown) of the fourth embodiment is obtained by bonding a vegetation sheet and a water-retaining sheet to the vegetation mat 10 of the first embodiment using a water-soluble adhesive. Further, the water retaining sheet was configured to have a connecting portion that is fixed to the vegetation sheet and the ground by a fixing member, and a movable portion that can be deformed so that the free end is lifted up with the connecting portion as the fixed end. That is, the vegetation sheet is partially fixed to the ground via the fixing member penetrating the connecting portion. This embodiment is characterized in that the movable part is bonded to the vegetation sheet using a water-soluble adhesive. Therefore, the movable part does not deform in the initial state such as when the vegetation mat is shipped. After the vegetation mat is installed on the ground, the water retention sheet acts to cover the ground, maintain soil moisture, and promote germination during the pre-germination period of the vegetation plants. On the other hand, after the vegetation mat is installed, the water-soluble adhesive disappears due to one or more rainfall events. Thereby, similarly to the first embodiment, the movable part can be deformed so that the free end of the water retaining sheet is lifted by the vegetation that has sprouted or grown on the vegetation sheet. That is, the vegetation mat of the present invention includes a form in which the movable portion of the water retaining sheet is temporarily fixed to the vegetation sheet.

[Modified example]
(1) The vegetation mat of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can take various forms. Like the vegetation mat 10C shown in FIG. 15, the water retaining sheet 15 may be attached to the inside of the vegetation sheet 11 instead of the surface (outer surface) of the vegetation sheet 11. Specifically, the vegetation sheet 11 has a net-like sheet 12 made of a double-woven net, and the water-retaining sheet 15 may be connected to the net 12a on the lower layer side of the net-like sheet 12. That is, the water retaining sheet 15 is arranged in the bag-shaped portion 14' between the lower layer side net 12a and the upper layer side net 12b. As shown in FIG. 15(a), immediately after the vegetation mat 10C is installed on the slope G, the fixing member 18 is driven onto the slope G from the surface side of the upper net 12b, and the vegetation sheet 11 and The water retaining sheets 15 are connected by a connecting portion 16. In this state, the net-like sheet 12 and the water-retaining sheet 15 lie flat along the slope G surface. On the other hand, as the vegetation P grows over time, as shown in FIG. It floats up along with net 12b. That is, the vegetation mat 10C of this form can similarly exhibit the effects of the vegetation mat of the present invention.

(2) The vegetation mat of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can take various forms. In the present invention, the positions and shapes of the connecting portions and movable portions of the water retaining sheet are not limited to specific forms and may be arbitrarily selected. For example, as shown in FIG. 16(a), the water retaining sheet 15 has a U-shaped connecting portion 16 and a movable portion 17 in an area adjacent to the connecting portion 16, so that the water retaining sheet 15 has a free end at the upper side in the width direction. It may have. Further, as shown in FIG. 16(b), the water-retaining sheet 15 has a connecting portion 16 formed at the lower end in the width direction so as to have a free end only at the upper side in the width direction, and an area above the connecting portion 16. The movable part 17 may be included in the movable part 17. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16(c), the water retaining sheet 15 has a connecting portion 16 extending diagonally with respect to the longitudinal direction, and movable portions 17 on both sides of the connecting portion 16. It's okay.

(3) The vegetation mat of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and can take various forms. In the above embodiment, the vegetation sheet is formed by a combination of a net-like sheet and a seed-bearing sheet, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the vegetation sheet may be composed only of a net-like sheet without including a seed-bearing sheet. Alternatively, the vegetation sheet may be composed of a single-layered or multi-layered nonwoven fabric, woven fabric, paper, etc., without including a reticulated sheet.

(4) In the above embodiments, the vegetation bag and vegetation mat are used for greening slopes, but the vegetation bags and vegetation mats of the present invention may also be used for greening areas other than slopes.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the plurality of embodiments described above, and can be implemented in various forms as long as they fall within the technical scope of the present invention.

10 Vegetation mat 11 Vegetation sheet 12 Reticulated sheet 13 Seed sheet 14 Storage section 15 Water retention sheet 16 Connection section 17 Movable section 18 Fixed member 19 Vegetation bag G Slope P Vegetation plant D Water drop

Claims (8)

A vegetation mat installed on the ground to be greened,
A water-permeable vegetation sheet that extends horizontally and vertically and is laid on the ground;
one or more water-retaining sheets having water-blocking properties, which are attached to the vegetation sheet;
The water retaining sheet has a connecting part connected to the vegetation sheet, and a movable part that is deformable so that the connecting part is a fixed end and a free end is raised,
The vegetation mat, wherein the movable part is configured such that a free end of the water retaining sheet is lifted up by vegetation that has sprouted or grown on the vegetation sheet. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation sheet includes a net-like sheet. According to claim 1, the vegetation sheet and the water retaining sheet are adhered by a water-soluble adhesive, and the vegetation sheet is partially fixed to the ground via a fixing member penetrating the connecting portion. Vegetation mat as described. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining sheet has a rectangular shape extending along the lateral direction of the vegetation mat. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the weight per area of the water-retaining sheet is less than 60 g/m ² and the distance from the fixed end to the free end of the water-retaining sheet is 10 to 100 mm. . The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the water retaining sheet is made of a foamed resin film having water-blocking and heat-insulating properties. The vegetation mat according to claim 1, wherein the vegetation sheet holds a greening material containing at least one of seed material, fertilizer material, soil improvement material, and soil. A method of greening a slope,
preparing a vegetation mat according to any one of claims 1 to 7;
Laying the vegetation sheet on a slope so that the longitudinal direction of the vegetation sheet is along the slope direction of the slope;
The connection of each of the water-retaining sheets is such that the longitudinal direction of each of the water-retaining sheets extends along the lateral direction of the vegetation sheet, and the free end of each of the water-retaining sheets is arranged to face the slope direction of the slope. connecting a part to the vegetation sheet;
A method characterized by comprising: