JP2023155053A - Treatment method for waste solar panel - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003049 inorganic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001867 inorganic solvent Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、廃棄物の処理方法に関し、特に、廃太陽光パネルの処理方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for treating waste, and particularly to a method for treating waste solar panels.
石炭火力発電は、世界各国で最も普遍的に使用されている方法であるが、石炭火力発電の過程中に二酸化炭素及び大量の有毒ガスが発生するため、大気汚染が生じて人々の健康に影響を及ぼすだけでなく、地球温暖化の原因にもなっている。環境保全意識が高まり、地球温暖化による異常気象が益々ひどくなり、各国でも水力発電、風力発電、太陽光発電などの石炭火力発電に代わる方法の開発に取り組んでいる。 Coal-fired power generation is the most widely used method in countries around the world, but during the process of coal-fired power generation, carbon dioxide and large amounts of toxic gases are generated, causing air pollution and affecting people's health. Not only is it a cause of global warming, but it is also a cause of global warming. As awareness of environmental conservation increases and abnormal weather conditions due to global warming become more severe, countries around the world are working to develop alternatives to coal-fired power generation, such as hydroelectric power, wind power, and solar power.
太陽光発電は、太陽光パネルを通して太陽の熱エネルギーを収集し、熱エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変換することであるが、発電の過程で汚染物質が生じないが、太陽光パネルにも一定の寿命があり、寿命に達した時、廃太陽光パネルを交換することで大量の廃棄物が発生してしまい、台湾では２０２３年から毎年１万トンを超える廃太陽光パネルが発生し、２０３５年以降毎年１０万トンを超える廃太陽光パネルが発生すると推定される。現在、廃太陽光パネルの処理方法は、先に解体、破砕等の物理的な前処理手順を施し、ジャンクションボックス、ケーブル及びアルミフレームを取り外して回収した後、次に太陽光パネルを破砕し、その後前記破砕物を焼却施設に搬送する、海外へ輸出する又は再利用するが、再利用の処理方法には、熱処理法（熱分解焼却）、ホットナイフ分離法、レーザー法、化学処理法があるが、上記の再利用方法は面倒な手順、有機溶媒又は／及び無機溶媒の使用、高い費用、溶媒による大気汚染及び溶媒廃液による廃棄物の発生等の欠陥が存在していた。 Solar power generation is the process of collecting the sun's thermal energy through solar panels and converting the thermal energy into electrical energy. Although no pollutants are generated during the power generation process, solar panels also have a certain lifespan. However, replacing waste solar panels when they reach the end of their service life generates a large amount of waste.In Taiwan, more than 10,000 tons of waste solar panels will be generated every year from 2023, and from 2035 onwards. It is estimated that over 100,000 tons of waste solar panels will be generated. Currently, the method of processing waste solar panels is to first perform physical pretreatment procedures such as dismantling and crushing, remove and collect the junction box, cables, and aluminum frame, and then crush the solar panels. After that, the shredded material is transported to an incineration facility, exported overseas, or reused. Processing methods for reuse include heat treatment method (pyrolysis incineration), hot knife separation method, laser method, and chemical treatment method. However, the above-mentioned recycling methods have drawbacks such as cumbersome procedures, use of organic and/or inorganic solvents, high cost, air pollution caused by solvents, and waste generation due to solvent waste.
本発明の主な目的は、加圧又は化学薬品添加の手順を必要とせず、廃太陽光パネルの処理を完了でき、廃太陽光パネルの処理フローを効果的に簡素化し、処理速度を大幅に加速し、処理コストを削減するという効果を奏することができるだけではなく、廃棄物処理による二次汚染物質の発生も低減できる廃太陽光パネルの処理方法を提供することである。 The main purpose of the present invention is that the processing of waste solar panels can be completed without the need for pressurization or chemical addition procedures, effectively simplifying the processing flow of waste solar panels and greatly increasing the processing speed. It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for processing waste solar panels that not only has the effect of accelerating processing costs and reducing processing costs, but also reduces the generation of secondary pollutants due to waste processing.
これ故に、上記目的を達成するため、本発明は、廃太陽光パネルの処理方法を開示する。前記処理方法は、主に廃太陽光パネルを破砕してから加熱、粉砕及び物理的分離の手順を順次実施して、粒子径の異なる２種類の生成物、すなわち第１生成物及び第２生成物を得ることができ、ここで第１生成物の主成分はガラスで、第２生成物の粒子径が第１生成物の粒子径より大きく、成分に貴重な金属が含まれる。 Therefore, in order to achieve the above object, the present invention discloses a method for treating waste solar panels. The treatment method mainly consists of crushing the waste solar panels and sequentially performing heating, pulverizing, and physical separation steps to produce two types of products with different particle sizes, namely, a first product and a second product. A product can be obtained in which the main component of the first product is glass, the particle size of the second product is larger than the particle size of the first product, and the components include valuable metals.
前記第１生成物において、ガラスが占める重量比は、９８％程度以上である。 In the first product, the weight ratio of glass is about 98% or more.
具体的には、本発明で開示される廃太陽光パネルの処理方法は、次のステップ：
廃太陽光パネルの破砕物を取ると共に加熱して、中間処理物を得るステップａ、及び、
前記中間処理物に粉砕及び分離の手順を順次施して、前記第１生成物及び前記第２生成物を得るステップｂ、
を含む、上記方法。
Specifically, the method for processing waste solar panels disclosed in the present invention includes the following steps:
step a of obtaining an intermediate treatment product by taking crushed waste solar panels and heating them; and
step b of sequentially subjecting the intermediate treated product to pulverization and separation procedures to obtain the first product and the second product;
The above methods, including:
ステップａ内の加熱手順は、常圧環境下で行われ、加熱温度が１００℃以上、好ましくは２００℃以上であり、加熱方法は本発明の属する技術の分野における通常の知識を有する者が電気加熱、ベーキング、焙焼などの当時の技術条件に応じて選択することができる。 The heating procedure in step a is performed in a normal pressure environment, the heating temperature is 100° C. or higher, preferably 200° C. or higher, and the heating method can be explained by a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention belongs. It can be selected according to the technical conditions of the time, such as heating, baking, and roasting.
前記第２生成物内には、銅、銀、シリコン、プラスチック等の物質が含まれる。 The second product includes materials such as copper, silver, silicon, plastic, etc.
本発明の一実施形態において、前記廃太陽光パネルの破砕物は、廃太陽光パネルに由来し、具体的にはアルミフレーム、ジャンクションボックス、ケーブルなどの外付け組立体を取り外すため、先に廃太陽光パネルを解体し、前記外付け組立体を取り外してから破砕手順を施して、前記廃太陽光パネルの破砕物を得る。 In one embodiment of the present invention, the waste solar panel shredder originates from the waste solar panel, and specifically, in order to remove external assemblies such as the aluminum frame, junction box, cables, etc., the shredded material is first discarded. The solar panel is dismantled, the external assembly is removed, and a shredding procedure is performed to obtain a shredded product of the waste solar panel.
前記第１生成物及び前記第２生成物の収率及び純度を高めるため、本発明の別の実施形態において、前記ステップｂ内で粉砕及び分離の手順を繰り返し、具体的には前記ステップｂは、
前記中間処理物に１回目の粉砕及び分離手順を施した後、前記第１生成物及び中間生成物を得るステップｂ１、及び、
前記中間生成物に２回目の粉砕及び分離手順を施した後、前記第１生成物及び前記第２生成物を得るステップｂ２
をさらに含む。
In order to increase the yield and purity of said first product and said second product, in another embodiment of the invention, the grinding and separation procedure is repeated within said step b, specifically said step b ,
Step b1 of obtaining the first product and intermediate product after subjecting the intermediate product to a first pulverization and separation procedure, and
Step b2 of obtaining the first product and the second product after subjecting the intermediate product to a second crushing and separation procedure;
further including.
本発明で開示される廃太陽光パネルの処理方法は、廃太陽光パネルの破砕物に加熱、破砕及び分離などの手順を施して、２種類の粒子径及び主成分が異なる生成物を得、一方の生成物の主成分はガラスで、粒子径が小さく、他方の生成物の主成分は金属で、粒子径が大きい。本発明で開示する廃太陽光パネルの処理方法によって得られた２つの生成物は、さらに再利用でき、廃太陽光パネルの再利用の効果を奏することができるだけでなく、廃太陽光パネルの処理コストを効果的に削減し、処理過程中での二次汚染物質の発生を避ける効果も奏することができる。 The method for processing waste solar panels disclosed in the present invention involves applying procedures such as heating, crushing, and separation to the crushed waste solar panels to obtain two products with different particle sizes and main components. One product is mainly glass and has a small particle size, and the other product is mainly metal and has a large particle size. The two products obtained by the waste solar panel treatment method disclosed in the present invention can not only be further reused and have the effect of recycling waste solar panels, but also It can also effectively reduce costs and avoid the generation of secondary pollutants during the treatment process.
本発明において、「太陽光パネル」という用語は、ソーラーパネルとも呼ばれ、主に３層構造を含み、下層がプラスチック製バックプレーンで、中層が結晶シリコン層で、上層がガラス層であり、各層間は通常少量の接着剤で接着され、また３層構造の縁には通常アルミフレームが設けられる。 In the present invention, the term "solar panel", also called solar panel, mainly includes a three-layer structure, the lower layer is a plastic backplane, the middle layer is a crystalline silicon layer, the upper layer is a glass layer, and each The layers are usually bonded together with a small amount of adhesive, and the edges of the three-layer structure are usually provided with an aluminum frame.
本発明において「常圧環境」という用語は、別段加圧又は減圧処理を必要としない環境で、一般的に言えば、１気圧を有する環境を意味する。 In the present invention, the term "normal pressure environment" means an environment that does not require special pressurization or depressurization treatment, and generally speaking, an environment having 1 atmosphere.
本発明において、「分離」又は「分離手順」という用語は、外力或いはふるい網、メッシュなどの工具によって混合物内の物を寸法又は大きさに従って分類処理することを意味する。 In the present invention, the term "separation" or "separation procedure" refers to the classification of objects in a mixture according to their size or size by means of an external force or a tool such as a screen, mesh, etc.
本発明の技術的特徴を説明するため、以下に実施形態及び図面を参照しつつさらに詳細に説明する。 In order to explain the technical features of the present invention, it will be described in further detail below with reference to embodiments and drawings.
図１を参照すると、本発明の一実施形態で開示される廃太陽光パネルの処理方法は、次のステップを含む。 Referring to FIG. 1, the method for treating waste solar panels disclosed in one embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps.
ステップ１０１：廃太陽光パネルの取得 Step 101: Acquisition of waste solar panels
ステップ１０２：解体・取り外し Step 102: Disassembly/removal
ステップ１０２内において、手作業でアルミフレーム、ジャンクションボックス、外部ケーブルを取り外すことができ、また機器又は他の自動化された手段を介して取り外すこともでき、プラスチック製バックプレーン、結晶シリコン層、ガラス層及び接着剤を含む残りの太陽光パネルを収集する。 Within step 102, the aluminum frame, junction box, external cables can be removed manually or via equipment or other automated means, the plastic backplane, crystalline silicon layer, glass layer and collect the remaining solar panels including the adhesive.
ステップ１０３：破砕 Step 103: Crushing
ステップ１０２からの太陽光パネルを外力で破砕して、太陽光パネルの破砕物を得る。 The solar panel from step 102 is crushed by external force to obtain a crushed solar panel.
ステップ１０４：常圧下での熱剥離 Step 104: Thermal peeling under normal pressure
前記太陽光パネルの破砕物を常圧環境下において温度２００℃程度で熱剥離手順を施す。 The crushed solar panel is subjected to a thermal peeling procedure at a temperature of about 200° C. in a normal pressure environment.
ステップ１０５：粉砕及びふるいにかける Step 105: Grind and sieve
ステップ１０５は、１回目の粉砕分離手順で、すなわち、熱剥離後の太陽光パネルの破砕物を先に粉砕処理してから所定の網目を有するふるい網で分離処理し、ふるい網でふるいにかけられた物質が、主成分がガラスである第１生成物で、ふるい網に残された物質が貴重な金属（例えば銀、銅）、シリコン、少量のガラス及びプラスチックを含む中間生成物である。 Step 105 is the first pulverization separation procedure, that is, the crushed solar panel after thermal peeling is first pulverized, then separated using a sieve net having a predetermined mesh, and then sieved with the sieve net. The material removed is a first product whose main component is glass, and the material left on the sieve screen is an intermediate product containing valuable metals (eg silver, copper), silicon, and small amounts of glass and plastic.
ステップ１０６：粉砕及びふるいにかける Step 106: Grind and sieve
ステップ１０６は、２回目の粉砕分離手順で、すなわち、ステップ１０５内で得られた中間生成物を再度粉砕及び分離し、ステップ１０５と同様に、粉砕後に所定の網目を有するふるい網で分離処理し、ふるい網でふるいにかけられた物質が第１生成物で、ふるい網に残された物質が銅、銀、シリコン及びプラスチック等の成分を含む第２生成物である。 Step 106 is a second pulverization separation procedure, that is, the intermediate product obtained in step 105 is again pulverized and separated, and similarly to step 105, after pulverization, it is separated using a sieve net having a predetermined mesh. The material sieved through the sieve screen is the first product, and the material left on the sieve screen is the second product, which includes components such as copper, silver, silicon, and plastics.
上記ステップを実施することにより、本発明で開示される廃太陽光パネルの処理方法は、化学物質を添加することなく物理的処理を介して廃太陽光パネルを再利用可能な材料に変換することができ、廃太陽光パネルの処理便益を向上できるだけでなく、さらに無公害で廃棄物を処理する効果を本当に奏することができる。 By performing the above steps, the waste solar panel processing method disclosed in the present invention can convert waste solar panels into reusable materials through physical treatment without adding chemicals. This not only improves the processing benefits of waste solar panels, but also achieves the effect of pollution-free waste processing.
さらに本発明で開示される廃太陽光パネルの処理方法によって得られた第１生成物及び第２生成物は、これら特性に応じて再利用又は廃棄処理されることができ、例えば主成分はガラスである第１生成物は長石の代替原料、ガラス原料、地盤工事の添加材、レンガなどの建材原料、セメント原料等とすることができる。第２生成物は、その後の化学処理、熱分解処理を介して再利用する、又は直接埋め立て或いは焼却処分できる。 Further, the first product and the second product obtained by the method for treating waste solar panels disclosed in the present invention can be reused or disposed of depending on their characteristics. For example, the main component is glass. The first product can be used as an alternative raw material for feldspar, a raw material for glass, an additive for ground construction, a raw material for building materials such as bricks, a raw material for cement, etc. The second product can be recycled via subsequent chemical treatment, pyrolysis treatment, or directly landfilled or incinerated.
図２を参照すると、上記廃太陽光パネルの処理方法により少量の廃太陽光パネルを処理した後に得られた第１生成物及び第２生成物の写真である。図２内の右から左の各ビーカー内の物質は、各々破砕後の廃太陽光パネル（１１５．５１ｇ）、１回目の粉砕及びふるいにかける手順で得られた第１生成物（５９．４６ｇ）、２回目の粉砕及びふるいにかける手順で得られた第１生成物（２０．０４ｇ）及び２回目の粉砕及びふるいにかける手順で得られた第２生成物（３６．０１ｇ）であった。この結果から分かるように、本発明で開示される太陽光パネルの処理方法により処理された廃太陽光パネルは、損耗を生じさせることがなく、第１生成物が温度８００℃で３時間焼成した後、残りの物質を計量したところ、加熱前の重量の９８％程度以上で、第１生成物内のガラス含有量が９８％程度以上であったことを示している。 Referring to FIG. 2, it is a photograph of a first product and a second product obtained after treating a small amount of waste solar panels by the method for treating waste solar panels. The materials in each beaker from right to left in FIG. ), the first product (20.04 g) obtained from the second milling and sieving procedure and the second product (36.01 g) obtained from the second milling and sieving procedure. . As can be seen from this result, the waste solar panels treated by the solar panel treatment method disclosed in the present invention did not cause wear and tear, and the first product was fired at a temperature of 800°C for 3 hours. After that, the remaining material was weighed, and it was about 98% or more of the weight before heating, indicating that the glass content in the first product was about 98% or more.
Claims (6)
前記中間処理物に粉砕及び分離の手順を順次施して、第１生成物及び第２生成物を得るステップｂ、
を含む廃太陽光パネルの処理方法であって、
前記第２生成物の粒子径は、前記第１生成物の粒子径より大きく、前記第１生成物の主成分がガラスで、前記第２生成物の成分には貴重な金属及びプラスチックが含まれる廃太陽光パネルの処理方法。 step a of obtaining an intermediate treatment product by taking crushed waste solar panels and heating them; and
step b of sequentially subjecting the intermediate treated product to pulverization and separation procedures to obtain a first product and a second product;
A method for processing waste solar panels comprising:
The particle size of the second product is larger than the particle size of the first product, the main component of the first product is glass, and the components of the second product include valuable metals and plastics. How to dispose of waste solar panels.
ａ１．太陽光パネルを取るステップ、
ａ２．前記太陽光パネル上のアルミフレーム、ジャンクションボックス及びケーブルを取り外すステップ、及び、
ａ３．破砕手順を施して前記太陽光パネルの破砕物を得るステップ、
によって作製される請求項１に記載の廃太陽光パネルの処理方法。 The solar panel shredded material undergoes the following steps:
a1. Steps to take solar panels,
a2. removing the aluminum frame, junction box and cables on the solar panel; and
a3. performing a crushing procedure to obtain the crushed solar panel;
The method for treating a waste solar panel according to claim 1, which is produced by:
ｂ１．前記中間処理物に１回目の粉砕及び分離手順を施した後、前記第１生成物及び中間生成物を得るステップ、及び、
ｂ２．前記中間生成物に２回目の粉砕及び分離手順を施した後、前記第１生成物及び前記第２生成物を得るステップ、
をさらに含む請求項１に記載の廃太陽光パネルの処理方法。 Said step b includes the following steps:
b1. obtaining the first product and intermediate product after subjecting the intermediate product to a first pulverization and separation procedure; and
b2. obtaining the first product and the second product after subjecting the intermediate product to a second milling and separation procedure;
The method for treating waste solar panels according to claim 1, further comprising:
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