JP2023150839A - virtual power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a virtual power plant that can prevent occurrence of inconvenience due to restrictions in a user's contract.SOLUTION: A virtual power plant C includes a plurality of users B and an overall control device A that manages the plurality of users B. Each of the users B includes a load 4 connected to a power system via a power receiving point, a power conditioner 3 connected to the load 4, and a centralized management device 2 that manages the power conditioner 3. The centralized management device 2 includes a command value correction unit 24 that corrects an individual command value PiC2 based on an upper-level index pr received from the overall control device A, an index calculation unit 22 that sets a lower-level index pr' based on the individual command value PiC2 after being corrected, and a transmission unit 25 that transmits the lower-level index pr' to the power conditioner 3.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

The present invention relates to a virtual power plant.

Currently, energy system reform is underway, and virtual power plants (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "VPP") are attracting attention. VPP is a system that collectively controls multiple consumers (factories, offices, buildings, private homes, etc. that receive and use electricity) using a system network that manages electricity demand. This refers to a virtual power plant that functions as if all of its customers were one power plant. The VPP includes a plurality of consumers and an overall control device that manages the power demand of the plurality of consumers. Patent Document 1 discloses a VPP that controls a plurality of power generation systems on behalf of a plurality of consumers.

Patent No. 6849177

VPP bundles the receiving point power of multiple consumers to provide regulating power. Power receiving point power is the power at the receiving point where each consumer connects to the power grid, and is a positive value when power is supplied from the power grid to the consumer, and when power is supplied from the consumer to the power grid. (reverse power flow) is a negative value. In VPP, when it is necessary to provide adjustment power, the overall control device sets a target value of the power receiving point for each of a plurality of consumers. Each consumer controls the power at the receiving point according to the target value. On the other hand, each consumer performs energy management within the consumer if the target value is not set by the overall control device. Each consumer has a contracted power contract with an electric power company or the like. In addition, if you have a contract for self-consumption, use a Reverse Power Relay (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as "RPR") or Under Power Relay (hereinafter referred to as "RPR"). (sometimes abbreviated as "UPR") is installed.

For example, when the overall control device changes the target value of the receiving point power of each consumer in order to provide VPP adjustment power, the receiving point power of a certain consumer exceeds the contracted power. There is a possibility that it will be exceeded. In addition, in order to provide the adjustment power of VPP, when the overall control device changes the target value of the receiving point power of each consumer in the direction of decreasing, the UPR (RPR) operates at a certain consumer. there is a possibility. In addition, if a consumer stops the output of a device that supplies regulating power so as not to operate the UPR (RPR), the overall amount of regulating power supplied will be insufficient, so other consumers will have to compensate for the shortage. compensate. After that, when the consumer who stopped supplying adjustment power supplies adjustment power again, the amount of adjustment power supplied becomes excessive, and it is necessary to suppress the adjustment power of other consumers. If such an operation is repeated, there is a possibility that the VPP will not be able to stably adjust the supply and demand of electricity.

The present invention was devised under the above-mentioned circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a virtual power plant that can prevent inconveniences due to restrictions in a customer's contract.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical measures.

The virtual power plant provided by the present invention is a virtual power plant that includes a plurality of consumers and an overall control device that manages the plurality of consumers, and each of the consumers has a power receiving point. a load connected to an electric power system via a power conditioner, a power conditioner connected to the load, and a central management device that manages the power conditioner, the central management device receiving information from the overall control device. a correction unit that corrects the individual command value based on the corrected upper level target; a setting unit that sets a lower level target based on the corrected individual command value; and a transmission unit that transmits the lower level target to the power conditioner. There is.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the invention further includes a stop section that stops the power conditioner or the load; Until the time elapses, the individual command value is corrected so as to suppress the change.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the correction unit converts the individual command value into a value obtained by multiplying the difference between the individual command value and the previous individual command value based on the previously received higher-level goal by a coefficient. By correcting the command value to a value added to the command value, changes in the individual command value are suppressed.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the correction section corrects the individual command value to a value below an upper limit value or a value above a lower limit value.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the overall control device sets a common high-level index for making a total output command value of the total power obtained by summing the power at each receiving point of the plurality of consumers to each of the consumers. The setting unit calculates a lower-order index for making the power receiving point power of the customer the corrected individual command value, and sets it as the lower-order target, The power conditioner calculates an individual target power value, which is a target value of the individual output power of the power conditioner, based on a preset optimization problem using the received lower target, and calculates the individual target power value, which is a target value of the individual output power of the power conditioner. The individual output power is controlled based on the value.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the central management device does not receive the upper target from the overall control device, the central management device calculates the lower index based on a customer command value for energy management of the customer. do.

According to the present invention, the central control device corrects the individual command value based on the higher-level target received from the overall control device, and transmits the lower-level target based on the corrected individual command value to the power conditioner. The central management device can perform corrections according to constraints in the customer's contract. Therefore, the virtual power plant according to the present invention can prevent the occurrence of inconveniences due to restrictions in the customer's contract.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant according to a first embodiment. It is an example of a flowchart for explaining lower-order index generation processing performed by the central management device. It is a figure which shows the simulation result in a virtual power plant. It is a figure which shows the simulation result in a virtual power plant. It is a figure which shows the simulation result in a virtual power plant. It is a figure which shows the simulation result in a virtual power plant. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant according to a second embodiment.

Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described below with reference to the drawings.

[First embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant C1 according to the first embodiment. The virtual power plant C1 includes an overall control device A and a plurality of consumers B. The virtual power plant C1 functions as if it were one power plant, with the overall control device A managing and controlling the power receiving points of the plurality of consumers B. In this embodiment, for convenience of explanation, a case will be described in which the overall control device A manages customers B1, B2, and B3, but the number of customers B managed by the overall control device A is not limited. In reality, the overall control device A manages a larger number of customers B.

The overall control device A manages customers B1, B2, and B3. The overall control device A communicates with each customer B. The communication may be wireless communication or wired communication. The overall control device A receives the power at the receiving point from each customer B, calculates the target value of the power at the receiving point for each customer B based on the total value of the power at the receiving point, and transmits the target value to each customer B. . Each consumer B controls the power at the receiving point based on the received target value. In this embodiment, a common higher-order index pr is used as the target value of the power receiving point power. The upper index pr is information for setting the total power of the receiving point power of each consumer B to an output command value ^PC to be described later, and is information corresponding to a target value instructed to each consumer B. The overall control device A includes an output command value acquisition section 11, a reception section 12, an index calculation section 13, and a transmission section 14.

The output command value acquisition unit 11 acquires an output command value ^PC commanded by an electric power company or the like. The output command value acquisition unit 11 outputs the acquired output command value ^PC to the index calculation unit 13. The output command value acquisition unit 11 does not output the output command value ^PC when the power company does not command the output command value ^PC . Note that instead of acquiring the output command value ^PC , the output command value acquisition unit 11 may acquire information on the suppression rate [%] and calculate the output command value ^PC based on the suppression rate.

The receiving unit 12 receives power receiving point powers P1, P2, and P3 from consumers B1, B2, and B3, respectively. The receiving unit 12 outputs the received power receiving point powers P1, P2, and P3 to the index calculating unit 13.

The index calculation unit 13 calculates the upper order of the power for the consumers B1, B2, and B3 based on the receiving point powers P1, P2, and P3 received by the receiving unit 12 and the output command value P ^C acquired by the output command value acquisition unit 11. Calculate the index pr. The index calculation unit 13 calculates the total power P _all that is the sum of the receiving point powers P1, P2, and P3 input from the reception unit 12. Then, the index calculation unit 13 calculates a higher-order index pr for making the total power P _all the output command value ^PC input from the output command value acquisition unit 11 . The index calculation unit 13 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ _all based on the following equation (1), where the gradient coefficient is ε _all and the time is t, and the Lagrange multiplier λ _all is set as the upper index pr. In the following equation (1), since the receiving point power Pi and the output command value P ^C are values that change with time t, the receiving point power Pi (t) and the output command value P ^C ( t). The index calculating section 13 outputs the calculated upper index pr to the transmitting section 14. Furthermore, when the output command value ^PC is not input from the output command value acquisition section 11, the index calculation section 13 does not calculate the higher-order index pr and does not output it to the transmission section 14. Note that, when the output command value ^PC is not input, the index calculating section 13 may output information indicating this to the transmitting section 14 as the upper index pr.

The transmitter 14 transmits the higher-order index pr input from the index calculator 13 to the consumers B1, B2, and B3.

In normal times, the consumers Bi (i=1, 2, 3) each perform energy management within the consumer and control the receiving point power Pi (i=1, 2, 3). Furthermore, when the consumer Bi receives the higher-order index pr from the overall control device A, the consumer Bi controls the power receiving point power Pi based on the received higher-order index pr. Each consumer B includes a central control device 2, a power conditioner 3, and a load 4. The number of power conditioners 3 and loads 4 that each consumer B has is not limited.

The central management device 2 monitors the power receiving point power Pi and generates a lower index pr' for controlling the power receiving point power Pi. In normal times, the centralized control device 2 calculates a lower index pr' for setting the receiving point power Pi to the individual command value Pi ^C based on the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management within the consumer. Further, when the central management device 2 receives the upper index pr from the overall control device A, it generates the lower index pr' based on the upper index pr. The centralized control device 2 includes a receiving point power detection section 21, an index calculation section 22, a communication section 23, a command value correction section 24, a transmission section 25, and a stop section 26.

The power receiving point power detection unit 21 detects the power receiving point power Pi at the power receiving point. The receiving point power detecting section 21 outputs the detected receiving point power Pi to the index calculating section 22, the communication section 23, and the stopping section 26.

The index calculating section 22 calculates a lower index pr' for converting the receiving point power Pi detected by the receiving point power detecting section 21 into an individual command value ^PiC for energy management. The index calculation unit 22 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ based on the following equation (2), where the gradient coefficient is ε and the time is t, and the Lagrange multiplier λ is set as the lower index pr'. In addition, in the following equation (2), since the receiving point power Pi and the individual command value Pi ^C are values that change with respect to time t, the receiving point power is Pi (t) and the output command value is Pi ^C ( t). The index calculating section 22 outputs the calculated lower index pr' to the transmitting section 25.

The communication unit 23 communicates with the overall control device A. The communication unit 23 transmits the power reception point power Pi detected by the power reception point power detection unit 21 to the reception unit 12 of the overall control device A. Furthermore, when the communication unit 23 receives the higher rank index pr transmitted by the transmission unit 14 of the overall control device A, the communication unit 23 outputs the received higher rank index pr to the command value correction unit 24 .

The stop unit 26 stops either the power conditioner 3 or the load 4 when the power reception point power Pi detected by the power reception point power detection unit 21 suddenly changes. Within consumer B, a sudden change in power demand or a sudden change in power supply may occur. In this case, there is a possibility that the power receiving point power Pi temporarily exceeds the contract power or that the UPR (RPR) operates. In order to prevent this, the stop unit 26 suppresses the change in the power receiving point Pi by stopping either the power conditioner 3 or the load 4 when the power receiving point power Pi suddenly changes. The stop unit 26 then releases the stoppage of the power conditioner 3 or the load 4. Note that the power conditioner 3 and the load 4 may be stopped not only by a command from the stop unit 26 but also by, for example, an external contact.

The command value correction unit 24 calculates an individual command value Pi ^C2 from the upper index pr input from the communication unit 23 and the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management. The individual command value Pi ^C2 is calculated as Pi ^C2 = Pi ^C + a·pr, where a is the coefficient for correction. The command value correction unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 and outputs the corrected individual command value Pi ^C2 to the index calculation unit 22. The command value correction unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 to a value that is less than or equal to a preset upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max and greater than or equal to a lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min. The upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max is set based on the contract power, and is set to the power value of the contract power or a power value slightly smaller than this. The lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min is set based on the operating power of the UPR (RPR), and is set to a power value slightly larger than the power value of the operating power of the UPR (RPR).

Further, when the stop unit 26 stops the power conditioner 3 or the load 4, the command value correction unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 so as to suppress a change until a predetermined time elapses. . Specifically, the command value correction unit 24 calculates ^the difference ^{ΔPi C2 (} = Pi ^C2 [k] - A multiplication value is calculated by multiplying Pi ^C2 [k-1]) by a coefficient α. Then, the command value correction unit 24 adds the multiplication value to the previously calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 [k-1], which is the added value (Pi ^C2 [k-1] + α·ΔPi ^C2 ), as the corrected value. value. The coefficient α is a numerical value satisfying 0<α<1, and in this embodiment is, for example, 1/4. Thereby, the command value correction unit 24 can correct the amount of change in the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 so as to suppress it to 1/4. Note that the coefficient α is not limited and is appropriately set based on experiment or simulation results. In this embodiment, the predetermined time is, for example, about 10 control cycles. Note that the predetermined time is not limited and is appropriately set based on experiment or simulation results.

When the above correction is performed, the command value correction unit 24 outputs the corrected value as the individual command value Pi ^C2 to the index calculation unit 22, and when the above correction is not performed, the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 is output as is. It is output to the index calculation section 22. When the index calculation unit 22 receives the individual command value Pi ^C2 from the command value correction unit 24, the index calculation unit 22 calculates a lower index pr' for converting the power receiving point power Pi detected by the power receiving point power detection unit 21 into the individual command value Pi ^C2 . Calculate. In this case, the index calculation unit 22 calculates the Lagrange multiplier λ based on the formula in which Pi ^C (t) is replaced with Pi ^C2 (t) in the above formula (2), and sets the Lagrange multiplier λ as the lower index pr'. do.

The transmitter 25 transmits the lower index pr' input from the index calculator 22 to each power conditioner 3. Communication between the transmitter 25 and each power conditioner 3 may be wireless communication or wired communication.

While the communication unit 23 does not receive the upper index pr from the overall control device A, the central management device 2 uses the lower index pr' calculated based on the individual command value ^PiC for energy management to While receiving the index pr, the lower index pr' calculated based on the individual command value Pi ^C2 calculated and corrected by the command value correction unit 24 according to the received upper index pr is used.

FIG. 2 is an example of a flowchart for explaining lower-order index generation processing performed by the central management device 2. The lower index generation is executed at predetermined timings.

First, it is determined whether the upper index pr has been received (S1). Specifically, it is determined whether the communication unit 23 has received the higher-order index pr from the overall control device A. If received (S1: YES), an individual command value Pi ^C2 is calculated (S2). Specifically, the command value correction unit 24 calculates the individual command value Pi ^C2 from the upper index pr and the individual command value Pi ^C. Next, it is determined whether the individual command value Pi ^C2 is smaller than the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min (S3). If the individual command value Pi ^C2 is smaller than the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min (S3: YES), the individual command value Pi ^C2 is corrected to the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min (S4), and the process proceeds to step S7. If the individual command value Pi ^C2 is greater than or equal to the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min (S3: NO), it is determined whether the individual command value Pi ^C2 is larger than the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max (S5). If the individual command value Pi ^C2 is larger than the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max (S5: YES), the individual command value Pi ^C2 is corrected to the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max (S6), and the process proceeds to step S7. When the individual command value Pi ^C2 is less than or equal to the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max (S5: NO), since the individual command value Pi ^C2 is greater than or equal to the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min and less than the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max, the individual command value Pi ^C2 remains unchanged. Proceed to step S7. Through steps S3 to S6, the individual command value Pi ^C2 is corrected to a range of Pi ^C2 _min≦Pi ^C2 ≦Pi ^C2 _max.

Next, it is determined whether or not a predetermined period of time has elapsed since the stop unit 26 stopped (S7). If the predetermined time has elapsed since the stop (S7: YES), the individual command value Pi ^C2 is corrected to suppress changes (S8). On the other hand, if a predetermined period of time has passed since the stop or if the stop unit 26 has not stopped (S7: NO), the individual command value Pi ^C2 is not corrected by the process in step S7. Next, the lower index pr' is calculated by the index calculation unit 22 based on the individual command value Pi ^C2 (S9), the lower index pr' is transmitted to each power conditioner 3 (S10), and the process ends. do.

On the other hand, in step S1, if the upper index pr is not received (S1: NO), the index calculation unit 22 calculates the lower index pr' based on the individual command value ^PiC (S11), and the lower index pr' is transmitted to each power conditioner 3 (S10), and the process ends. Note that the lower index generation processing performed by the central management device 2 is not limited to that described above.

The power conditioner 3 includes an inverter circuit (not shown) and converts between DC power and AC power. Some power conditioners 3 are connected to, for example, a solar cell or a fuel cell, and convert DC power into AC power and output the same. Further, some power conditioners 3 are connected to, for example, a storage battery and charge and discharge the storage battery.

Each power conditioner 3 controls output power based on a lower index pr' (described later) received from the central management device 2. Specifically, each power conditioner 3 receives a common lower-order index pr' from the central control device 2, and uses the received lower-order index pr' to perform automatic self-indication based on a preset optimization problem. An individual target power value, which is a target value of the individual output power of the device, is calculated. Then, each power conditioner 3 controls individual output power based on the individual target power value.

Each load 4 consumes power. The load 4 may include a load that is switched on and off based on the lower index pr' input from the central management device 2. In this case, the power consumption of the load 4 is controlled by the central management device 2. The power consumed by each load 4 minus the individual output power output by each power conditioner 3 becomes the power receiving point power Pi.

Each power conditioner 3 autonomously controls input and output power based on the common lower index pr' received from the central management device 2. As a result, if the central control device 2 has not received the upper index pr, the receiving point power Pi is controlled to the individual command value ^PiC . On the other hand, when the higher-order index pr is input to the central management device 2, the receiving point power Pi is controlled to a power value according to the higher-order index pr. In this case, each customer Bi controls the power receiving point power Pi according to the upper index pr, so that the total power P _all , which is the sum of the power receiving point powers Pi, is controlled to the output command value ^PC .

3 to 6 show simulation results for the virtual power plant C1.

FIG. 3 shows a case where the virtual power plant C1 starts supplying the adjustment force and raises the higher-order index pr output by the overall control device A. In FIGS. 3(a) to 3(c), the solid lines with black circles each indicate the time change of the individual command value Pi ^C due to energy management within the consumer, and is set at 100 kW. The solid lines with white circles each indicate the time change of the individual command value Pi ^C2 calculated and corrected by the command value correction unit 24 of the consumers B1 to B3. Furthermore, the broken lines indicate the upper limit values Pi ^C2 _max of the individual command values Pi ^C2 set by the consumers B1 to B3, respectively. FIG. 3(d) shows a temporal change in the total power P _all , which is the sum of the power Pi at each receiving point. The broken line in FIG. 3(d) indicates the output command value ^PC , which is set to 440 kW after time t0.

Since the overall control device A does not output the higher-order index pr until time t0, each of the consumers B1 to B3 respectively controls the receiving point power Pi to the individual command value Pi ^C (100 kW). As a result, the total power P _all is 300 kW. From time t0, the overall control device A outputs the higher-order index pr, and increases the higher-order index pr in order to make the total power P _all equal to the output command value P ^C (440 kW). For consumer B1, as shown in FIG. 3(a), the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max is 140 kW, so the individual command value Pi ^C2 has not increased any further. If the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max is not set, the individual command value Pi ^C2 will rise as shown by the dashed line, so there is a possibility that the power receiving point power P1 will exceed the contracted power of the customer B1. .

On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. 3(b) and 3(c), for consumers B2 and B3, the upper limit value Pi ^C2_max is 160 kW, which is sufficient, so the individual command value Pi ^C2 increases to 150 kW. As a result, the total power P _all is controlled to the output command value P ^C (440 kW) by the consumers B2 and B3 providing extra adjustment power.

FIG. 4 shows a case where the virtual power plant C1 starts supplying the adjustment force and lowers the higher-order index pr output by the overall control device A. In FIGS. 4A to 4C, solid lines with black circles and solid lines with white circles are the same as in FIGS. 3A to 3C. The broken lines each indicate the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min of the individual command value Pi ^C2 set by the consumers B1 to B3. FIG. 4(d) shows a temporal change in the total power P _all , which is the sum of the power Pi at each receiving point. The broken line in FIG. 4(d) indicates the output command value ^PC , which is set to 200 kW after time t0.

Since the overall control device A does not output the higher-order index pr until time t0, each of the consumers B1 to B3 respectively controls the receiving point power Pi to the individual command value Pi ^C (100 kW). As a result, the total power P _all is 300 kW. From time t0, the overall control device A outputs the higher-order index pr, and lowers the higher-order index pr in order to make the total power P _all equal to the output command value P ^C (200 kW). For consumer B1, as shown in FIG. 4(a), the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min is 80 kW, so the individual command value Pi ^C2 has not decreased further. If the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min is not set, the individual command value Pi ^C2 decreases as shown by the dashed line, so there is a possibility that the UPR (RPR) of the consumer B1 will operate.

On the other hand, for consumers B2 and B3, as shown in FIGS. 4(b) and 4(c), the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min is 60 kW, which has a margin, so the individual command value Pi ^C2 has decreased to 60 kW. As a result, the total power P _all is controlled to the output command value P ^C (200 kW) by the consumers B2 and B3 providing extra adjustment power.

5 and 6 show a case where the stop unit 26 of the central control device 2 of the consumer B1 stops the power conditioner 3 while the virtual power plant C1 is stably supplying adjustment power. It shows. FIG. 6 shows a case where the command value correction unit 24 performs correction to suppress the change in the above-mentioned higher order index pr. FIG. 5 shows simulation results for comparison, in which the command value correction unit 24 does not perform correction to suppress changes in the higher-order index pr.

In FIGS. 5(a) to 5(c), solid lines with black circles indicate temporal changes in individual command values Pi ^C2 calculated and corrected by the command value correction units 24 of consumers B1 to B3, respectively. . Each dashed-dotted line with a white circle indicates a temporal change in the receiving point power Pi. The broken lines each indicate the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min of the individual command value Pi ^C2 set by the consumers B1 to B3. FIG. 5(d) shows a temporal change in the total power P _all , which is the sum of the power Pi at each receiving point. The broken line in FIG. 5(d) indicates the output command value ^PC , which is set to 300 kW.

Until time t0, each customer B1 to B3 controls the power receiving point power P1 to P3 according to the received upper index pr. Thereby, the total power P _all is controlled to the output command value P ^C (300 kW). At time t0, the output of the power conditioner 3 of customer B1 increases rapidly, and the stop unit 26 of the central control device 2 stops the power conditioner 3, so that at time t1, the power receiving point power P1 increases. There is. As a result, the total power P _all is larger than the output command value ^PC . At time t2, the upper index pr is generated so that the total power P _all matches the output command value P ^C , so that the individual command values P i ^C2 for each of the consumers B1 to B3 have significantly decreased. As a result, the consumers B2 and B3 increase the amount of adjustment power they share and reduce the power receiving point powers P2 and P3. Thereafter, after time t3, consumer B1 also provides adjustment power. Since it takes time for the power receiving point power P1 to P3 of each customer B1 to B3 to converge to the power target value, the amount of adjustment power shared by feedback is excessively controlled. The total power P _all does not match the output command value ^PC .

The solid line with a black circle, the dashed-dotted line with a white circle, and the broken line in FIGS. 6(a) to 6(c), and the solid line with a black circle and a broken line in FIG. 6(d) are, respectively, This is similar to FIGS. 5(a) to 5(d).

The period from time t0 to time t1 is the same as the explanation in FIG. 5 . At time t2, the upper index pr is generated so that the total power P _all matches the output command value ^PC , so the individual command value Pi ^C2 for each customer B2 and B3 has significantly decreased. On the other hand, in customer B1, the command value correction unit 24 performs a correction to suppress the change in the individual command value Pi ^C2 , so that the decrease in the individual command value Pi ^C2 is suppressed. As a result, the amount of adjustment power shared by consumer B1 becomes smaller than that of consumers B2 and B3. The state where the amount of work is small continues for a predetermined period of time. As a result, control of the amount of adjustment force to be shared is stabilized, and the total power P _all converges to the output command value ^PC .

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, when the stop unit 26 stops the power conditioner 3, the command value correction unit 24 performs a correction to suppress the change in the individual command value Pi ^C2 , so that the adjustment force The control of the sharing amount becomes stable. Therefore, the virtual power plant C1 can perform stable power supply and demand adjustment.

Next, the effects of the virtual power plant C1 according to this embodiment will be explained.

According to this embodiment, the command value correction unit 24 of the central control device 2 calculates the individual command value Pi ^C2 from the upper index pr received from the overall control device A and the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management. Then, the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 is corrected, and the corrected individual command value Pi ^C2 is output to the index calculating section 22. The command value correction unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 to a value less than or equal to the upper limit value Pi ^C2 _max set based on the contract power. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the power receiving point power Pi of the consumer Bi from exceeding the contract power. Further, the command value correction unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 to a value equal to or higher than the lower limit value Pi ^C2 _min set based on the operating power of the UPR (RPR). This can prevent the UPR (RPR) of consumer Bi from operating. Further, when the stop unit 26 stops the power conditioner 3 or the load 4, the command value correction unit 24 performs a correction to suppress a change in the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 until a predetermined period of time has elapsed. As a result, the change in the individual command value Pi ^C2 of the consumer Bi is suppressed compared to other consumers Bi, and the amount of adjustment power to be shared becomes smaller. This stabilizes the control of the amount of adjustment force to be shared. Therefore, the virtual power plant C1 can perform stable power supply and demand adjustment. As described above, the virtual power plant C1 can prevent the occurrence of inconveniences due to restrictions in the contract of the customer Bi.

Further, according to the present embodiment, the overall control device A controls the total power P _all to the output command value P ^C by transmitting the common upper index pr calculated by the index calculation unit 13 to each customer B. do. Since the overall control device A only calculates and transmits the common higher-order index pr without grasping the status of each customer B, the burden of calculation and communication is small. Since the overall control device A does not need to have high performance, the initial introduction cost can be reduced. Further, even when adding or deleting customer B, the overall control device A can be easily modified.

Further, according to the present embodiment, in each customer B, the central management device 2 only transmits the common lower index pr' to each power conditioner 3. Since the centralized control device 2 does not need to know the status of each power conditioner 3, the burden of calculation and communication is small. Since the centralized management device 2 does not need to have high performance, the initial installation cost can be reduced. Further, even when adding or deleting the power conditioner 3, the central management device 2 can be easily modified.

Further, according to the present embodiment, while the central management device 2 does not receive the upper index pr from the overall control device A, the central management device 2 calculates the index based on the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management within the consumer B. The lower index pr' calculated by the unit 22 is transmitted to each power conditioner 3. Thereby, the centralized management device 2 can perform energy management within the consumer B while not receiving the higher rank index pr.

Note that, in this embodiment, a case has been described in which the overall control device A transmits a common higher-order index pr to each customer Bi, but the present invention is not limited to this. The overall control device A may calculate a different higher-order index pri for each customer Bi. In this case, for example, the index calculation unit 13 sets an individual command value Pi ^C for each consumer Bi based on the output command value PC acquired by the output command value acquisition unit 11 according to the capacity, amount of received power, ^and the like. The index calculation unit 13 calculates a higher-order index pri for setting the power receiving point power Pi of each consumer Bi to the set individual command value ^PiC . Note that the higher rank index pri can be calculated based on a formula similar to the above formula (2). The transmitter 14 transmits the higher-order index pri calculated by the index calculator 13 to the corresponding customer Bi.

[Second embodiment]
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of a virtual power plant C2 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 7, the same or similar elements as in the first embodiment are given the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment. The virtual power plant C2 according to the present embodiment differs from the battery storage system A1 according to the first embodiment in that the overall control device A transmits the individual command value Pi ^C3 to each consumer B.

The overall control device A according to this embodiment includes an individual command value setting section 15 instead of the index calculation section 13. The individual command value setting unit 15 sets an individual command value Pi ^C3 for each consumer Bi based on the output command value ^PC acquired by the output command value acquisition unit 11 according to the capacity, amount of received power, and the like. The transmitting unit 14 transmits the individual command value Pi ^C3 set by the individual command value setting unit 15 to the corresponding customer Bi.

The command value correction unit 24 of the centralized control device 2 of each customer B according to the present embodiment calculates the individual command value Pi ^C3 input from the communication unit 23 and the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management. Calculate command value Pi ^C2 . The individual command value Pi ^C2 is calculated by Pi ^C2 = Pi ^C + Pi ^C3 . The command value correction unit 24 corrects the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 and outputs the corrected individual command value Pi ^C2 to the index calculation unit 22. The correction performed by the command value correction section 24 is the same as that of the command value correction section 24 according to the first embodiment.

According to this embodiment, the command value correction unit 24 of the central control device 2 calculates the individual command value Pi ^C2 from the individual command value Pi ^C3 received from the overall control device A and the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management. is calculated, the calculated individual command value Pi ^C2 is corrected, and the corrected individual command value Pi ^C2 is output to the index calculating section 22. The command value correction section 24 performs the same correction as the command value correction section 24 according to the first embodiment. Therefore, the virtual power plant C2 can prevent the occurrence of inconveniences due to restrictions in the customer B's contract. Also in this embodiment, in each consumer B, the central management device 2 only transmits the common lower index pr' to each power conditioner 3. Therefore, the initial installation cost of the central management device 2 can be reduced, and even when adding or deleting the power conditioner 3, the central management device 2 can be easily modified. Further, according to the present embodiment, while the centralized control device 2 is not receiving the individual command value Pi C3 from the overall control device ^A , the central management device 2 receives the individual command value Pi ^C3 for energy management within the consumer B based on the individual command value Pi C3. The lower index pr' calculated by the index calculation unit 22 is transmitted to each power conditioner 3. Thereby, the centralized control device 2 can perform energy management within the consumer B while not receiving the individual command value Pi ^C3 from the overall control device A.

In addition, in this embodiment, although the case where the central management apparatus 2 calculates the lower-order index pr' and transmits it to each power conditioner 3 was demonstrated, it is not restricted to this. The central control device 2 sets a command value for each power conditioner 3 from the individual command value Pi ^C2 corrected by the command value correction unit 24 or the individual command value Pi ^C for energy management within the consumer B. Then, the command value may be transmitted to the corresponding power conditioner 3. In this case, each power conditioner 3 controls individual output power based on the received command value.

The virtual power plant according to the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. The specific configuration of each part of the virtual power plant according to the present invention can be changed in design in various ways.

C: Virtual power plant, A: Overall control device, B, B1, B2, B3: Customer, 2: Central control device, 24: Command value correction section, 25: Transmission section, 26: Stop section, 3: Power condition N, 4: Load

Claims (6)

A virtual power plant comprising a plurality of consumers and an overall control device that manages the plurality of consumers,
Each of the consumers includes a load connected to the power system via a power receiving point, a power conditioner connected to the load, and a central management device that manages the power conditioner,
The central management device includes:
a correction unit that corrects the individual command value based on the upper target received from the overall control device;
a setting section that sets a lower target based on the corrected individual command value;
a transmitter that transmits the lower target to the power conditioner;
It is equipped with
Virtual power plant. Further comprising a stop part that stops the power conditioner or the load,
The correction unit corrects the individual command value so as to suppress a change in the individual command value until a predetermined time elapses after the stop unit stops the power conditioner or the load.
The virtual power plant according to claim 1. The correction unit may correct the individual command value to a value obtained by adding a value obtained by multiplying a difference between the individual command value and a previous individual command value based on a previously received higher-level target by a coefficient to the previous individual command value. and suppressing a change in the individual command value,
The virtual power plant according to claim 2. The correction unit corrects the individual command value to a value less than or equal to an upper limit value or a value greater than or equal to a lower limit value.
A virtual power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 3. The overall control device is
Calculating a common high-level index for making the total power obtained by summing the power at each power receiving point of the plurality of consumers into a total output command value as the high-level target for transmitting to each of the consumers,
The setting unit calculates a lower-level index for making the power receiving point power of the customer the corrected individual command value, and sets it as the lower-level target,
The power conditioner calculates an individual target power value, which is a target value of the individual output power of the power conditioner, based on a preset optimization problem using the received lower target, and calculates the individual target power value, which is a target value of the individual output power of the power conditioner. controlling the individual output power based on the value;
The virtual power plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4. The central management device includes:
If the higher-level target is not received from the overall control device, calculating the lower-level index based on a consumer command value for energy management of the consumer;
The virtual power plant according to claim 5.

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